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37th Congress, ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. i i x. iMn:. 

3d Session. / - '\"'.c\'T'^-- \ No. 81. 



..^-^— ^,f"-C7 - 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL JOHN POPE. 



LETTER 



THE SECRETARY OF AVAR 



IN ANSWER TO 



Resolution of the House of 18th ultimo, transmitting copy of report oj Major 

General John Pope. 



March 3, 1863.— Laid on the table, and ordered to be printed. 
March 3, l^^'i.— Be&olved, That five thousand extra copies of the official report of Major 
General John Pope's campaign in Virginia be printed for the use of the members of the 
present House. 



War Department, 
Washington City, March 2, 1863. 
Sir: In compliance with the rcsohition of the House of Representatives of 
the 18th ultimo, I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the report of 
Major General John Pope, and the accompanying documents, concerning the 
operations of the army of Virginia, while under his command. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

EDWIN M. STANTON, 

Secretary of War. 
Hon. Galusha A. Grow, 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 






EEPORT 



MAJOR GENERAL JOHN POPE, UNITED STATES ARMY 



CAMPAIGN IN VIRGINIA. 



LIST OF DOCUMENTS. 



No. 1. Report of Major General John Pope, of his operations in Virginia. 

2. Report of Major General I. McDowell. 

3. Report of Major General S. P. Heintzelman. 

4. Report of Brigadier General Birney. (D. B.) 

5. Report of Brigadier General J. F. Reynolds. 

6. Report of Brigadier General J. C. Robinson, 

7. Report of Col. 0. M. Pol, 2d Michigan volunteers. 

8. Report of Brigadier General C. Grover. 

9. Report of Major General P. Kearney, (by General Birney.) 

10. Report of Major General Franz Sigel. 

11. Report of Brigadier General R. PI. jMilroy. 

12. Report of Brigadier General Julius Stalicl. 

13. Report of Colonel N. C. McLean, commanding brigade. 

14. Report of Colonel J. C. Lee, .55th Ohio volunteers. 

15. Report of Colonel Orland kSmith, 73d Ohio volunteers. 

16. Report of Lieutenant G. B. Haskins, 1st Ohio artillery. 

17. Report of Brigadier General Carl Sclnirz. 

IS. Report of Colonel J. B. Carr, commanding brigade. 

19. Report of Colonel G. A. Muhleck, 73d Pennsylvania volunteers. 

20. Report of Lieutenant Colonel S. J. McGroarty, 61st Ohio volunteert 

21. Report of Major F. Blessing, 74th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

22. Report of Major Stephen Kovacs, 54th New York volunteers. 

23. Report of Captain F. Brann, 58th New York volunteers. 

24. Report of Captain M. Wiedrich, 1st New York volunteers. 

25. Report of Captain Dilger, company I, 1st Ohio volunteer artillery. 

26. Report of Captain J. W. Patterson, 2d New Hampshire volunteers 

27. Report of Major R. L. Bodine, 26th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

28. Report of Colonel Beardsley, commanding cavalry brigade. 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 3 

29. Report of commanding officer 4th New York cavahy. 

30. Report of commanding officer 9tli New York cavahy. 

31. Report of commanding officer 6tli Ohio cavahy. 

32. Report of commanding officer 1st Maryland cavahy. 

33. Report of Brigadier General R. C. Schenck, (b}^ Colonel Cheesebrough, 

aide-de-camp.) 

34. Report of Colonel Krzyzanowski, commanding brigade. 

35. Report of Brigadier General George Sykes. 

36. Report of G. K. Warren, 5tli New York volunteers. 

37. Report of Lieutenant Colonel R. C. Buchanan, 4th infantry. 

38. Report of Captain S. H. Weed, 5th artillery. 

39. Report of First Lieutenant A. M. Randoll, 1st artillery. 

40. Report of Second Lieutenant W. E. Van Reed, 5th artillery. 

41. Nominal report of casualties of Brigadier General G. Sykes's division. 

42. Tabular report of casualties of Brigadier General George Sykes's 

division. 

43. Norpinal report of casualties of Brigadier General G. W. Morell's 

division. 

44. Tabular report of casualties of Brigadier General G. W. Morell's 

division. 

45. Report of Brigadier General J. B. Ricketts. 

46. Report of Lieutenant Colonel William Chapman, 3d infantry. 

47. Report of Colonel William Blaisdell, 11th Massachusetts volunteers. 

48. Report of Captain W. M. Graham, 1st artillery. 

49. Report of Captain G. E. Randolph, 1st artillery. 

60. Report of Brigadier General Milroy. Copies of letters from Lieutenant 
Colonel R. C. Buchanan. 

51. Report of Brigadier General J. P. Hatch. 

52. Report of Colonel J.' W. Revere, 7th New York volunteers. 

53. Report of Lieutenant Colonel R. Thompson, 115th Pennsylvania vol- 

unteers. 

54. Report of Lieutenant Colonel G. C. Burling, 6th New York volunteers. 

55. Report of Captain George Hoffman, 8th New York volunteers. 

56. Report of Jlnjor G. Banks, 16th Massachusetts volunteers. 

57. Report of casualties of the 8th New Jersey volunteers. 

58. Report of casualties of the 2d New York yolunteers. 

59. Report of casualties of the 115th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

60. Report of casualties of the 5th New Jersey volunteers. 

61. Report of casualties of the 7th New Jersey volunteers. 

62. Copies of correspondence between Generals McDowell and Schurz. 

63. Appendix "A" to General McDowell's report. 

64. Appendix "A" to General Pope's report. 
35. Appendix "B" to General Pope's report. 



4 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

No. 1. 
REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL JOHN POPE OF HIS OPERATIONS IN VIRGINIA. 

New York, January 27, 1863. 

General : I have the honor to svibmit the following report of the operations 
of the army under my command during the late campaign in Virginia. 

Several of tlic reports of the corps commanders have not yet reached me, but 
so much time has elapsed since the termination of the campaign that I do not 
feel at liberty to withhold this report longer. 

The strange misapprehension of facts concerning this campaign which, though 
proceeding from irresponsible sources, has much possessed the public mind, makes 
it necessary for me to enter more into detail than I should otherwise have done, 
and to embody in the report such of the despatches and orders sent and received 
as will make clear every statement which is contained in it. 

On the 26th day of June, 1862, by special order of the President of the 
United States, I was assigned to the command of the army of Virginia. That 
army Avas constituted as folloAvs: first corps, under Major General Fremont; 
second corps, under Major General Banks; third corps, under Major General 
McDoAvell. In addition to these thi'ee corps, a small and unorganized force, 
under Brigadier General Sturgis, was posted in the neighborhood of Alexandria, 
and was then in process of being organized for field service. The forces in the 
intrenchments around Washington were also placed under my command. All 
the disposable movable forces consisted of the three corps first named. Their 
effective strength of infantry and artillery, as reported to me, was as follows : 
Fremont's corps, eleven thousand five hundred strong; Banks's corps, reported 
at fourteen thousand five hundred, but in reality only about eight thousand ; 
McDowell's corps eighteen thousand five hundred — making a total of thirty- 
eight thousand men. 

The cavalry niimbered about five thousand men for duty, but most of it was 
badly mounted and armed, and in poor condition for service. These forces 
were scattered over a wide district of country, not within supporting distance of 
each other, and many of the brigades and divisions were badly organized and 
in a demoralized condition. This Avas particularly the case with the army corps 
of Major General Fremont, a sad report of which was made to me by General 
Sigel Avhen he relieved General Fremont in command of the corps. 

My first labors Avere directed to the reorganization of some of the divisions 
and brigades of that corps, and to supplying the Avhole force with much of the 
material absolutely necessary for troops in the field. 

The corps of Banks and Fremont Avere in the valley of the Shenandoah, be- 
tween Winchester and MiddletoAvn, the bulk of the forces being in the A'icinity 
of the latter place. 

One division of McDoAvell's corps Avas at Manassas Junction, Avith its adA^ance 
throAvn forward to Catlett'^ Station. The other division Avas posted in the 
vicinity of Falmouth, opposite Fi-edericksburg. When I first assumed command 
of these forces the troops under Jackson had retired from the valley of the 
Shenandoah and Avere in rapid march toward Richmond ; so that at that time 
there Avas no force of the enemy of any consequence within a Aveck's march of 
any of the; troops assigned to my command. 

It Avas the Avish of the government that I should cover the city of Washing- 
ton from any attacks from the direction of Richmond, make such dispositions 
as were necessaiy to assure the safety of the valley of the Shenandoah, and at 
the same time so operate upon the enemy's lines of communication in the direc- 
tion of Gordonsville and CharlottesAille as to draw off, if possible, a considerable 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. O 

force of the enemy from Riclimond, and tlius relieve the operations against that 
city of the army of the Potomac. 

The first object I had in view was to concentrate, as far as possible, all the 
movable forces under my command, and to establish them in such positions as 
best to effect the objects set forth. It seemed to me that the security of the 
Shenandoah valley was not best attained by posting troops within the valley 
itself, but that the necessary results could be better accomplished, and the other 
objects with which I Avas charged best promoted, by concentrating these forces 
at some point or points from which, if any attempts were made to enter the val- 
ley of the Shenandoah from Richmond, I should be able, by rapid marching, to 
interpose between such force and the main body of the enemy, and cut off 
its retreat. I felt confident, and this confidence was justified by subsequent 
results, that no considerable force of the enemy would attempt to enter the val- 
ley of the Shenandoah while the forces under my command were so posted as 
to be able, without difficulty, to intercept its retreat and fall upon its rear. I 
accordingly sent orders to Major General Sigel, commanding the first corps, to 
move forward from Middletown, cross the Shenandoah at Front Royal, and, 
pursuing the west side of the Blue Ridge, to take post at Sperryville by pass- 
ing through Luray Gap. At the same time I directed Major General Banks, 
crossing the Shenandoah at the same point, to move forward and take post be- 
tween six and ten miles east of Sperryville. General McDowell was ordered 
to move Ricketts's division of his corps from Manassas Junction to Waterloo 
Bridge, the point where the turnpike from Warrenton to Sperryville crosses the 
Upper Rappahannock ; King's division, of the same corps, it was thought best 
to leave at Fredericksburg to cover the crossing of the Rappahannock at that 
point, and to protect the railroad thence to Acquia creek, ami the public build- 
ings which had been erected at the latter place. While I yielded to this wish 
of the War Dapartment, the wide separation of this division from the main 
body of the army, and the ease with which the enemy would be able to inter- 
pose between them, engaged my earnest attention and gave me very serious 
uneasiness. 

Whilst these movements were in progress commenced the series of battles 
which preceded and attended the retreat of General McCIellan from the 
Chickahominy toward Harrison's Landing. When first General McCIellan 
began to intimate by his despatches that he designed making this movement 
toward James river, 1 suggested to the President of the United States the im- 
policy of such a movement, and the serious consequences Avhich would be likely 
to result from it, and urged upon him that he should send orders to General 
McCIellan that if he were unable to maintain his position on the Chickahominy, 
and were pressed by superior forces of the enemy, to mass his whole force on 
the north side of that stream, even at the risk of losing much materiel of war, 
and endeavor to make his way in the direction of Hanover Court-House ; but 
in no event to retreat with his army further to the south than the White House 
or York river. I stated to the President that the retreat to James river was 
carrying General McCIellan away from any re-enforcements that could possibly 
be sent him within a reasonable time, and was absolutely depriving him of any 
substantial aid from the forces under my command ; that by this movement the 
whole army of the enemy would be interposed betAveen his army and mine, and 
that they Avould then be at liberty to strike in either direction as they might 
consider it most advantageous ; that this movement to James river Avould leave 
entirely unprotected, except in so far as the small force under my command was 
able to protect it, the whole region in front of Washington, and that it would 
therefore be impossible to send any of the forces under my command to re-en- 
force General McCIellan without rendering it certain that the enemy, even in 
the Avorst case for themseh-es, Avould haA^e the privilege and poAver of exchanging 
Richmond for Washington city ; that to them the loss of Richmond Avould be 



6 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

trifling, whilst the loss of Washington to us would be conclusive, or nearly so, 
in its results upon this war. I was so deeply impressed with these views that 
I repeatedly and earnestly urged them upon the President and Secretary of 
War. After General McOlellan had taken up his position at Harrison's Land- 
ing, I addressed him a letter stating to him my position and the distribution of 
the troops under my command, and requesting him in all earnestness and good 
faith to write me fully and freely his views, and to suggest to me any measures 
which he thought desirable to enable me to co-operate with him, or to render 
any assistance in my power in the operations of the army under his command. 
I stated to him that I had no object except to assist his operations, and that I 
would undertake .any labor and run any risk for that purpose. I therefore de- 
sired him to feel no hesitation in communicating freely with me, as he miglit 
rest assured that every suggestion that he would make would meet all respect 
and consideration at my hands, and that, so far as it was in my power to do so, 
I would carry out his wishes with all energy and with all the means at my 
command. In reply to this communication I received a letter from General 
McClellan, very general in its terms, and proposing nothing towards the accom- 
plishment of the purpose I had suggested to him. It became apparent that, 
considering the situation in which the army of the Potomac and the army of 
Virginia were placed in relation to each other, and the absolute necessity of 
harmonious and prompt co-operation between them, some military superior both 
of General McClellan and myself should be called to Washington and placed 
in command of all the operations in Virginia. 

In accordance with these views Major General Halleck was called to Wash- 
ington and placed in general command. Many circumstances which it is not 
necessary here to set forth, induced me to express^ to the 1^-esident, to the Sec- 
retary of War, and to General Halleck, my desire to be relieved from the com- 
mand of the army of Virginia, and to be returned to the western country. 

My ser"\'ices, however, were considered necessary in the projected campaign, 
and my wishes were not complied with. I accordingly took the field in Virginia 
with grave forebodings of the result, but with a determination to carry out the 
plans of the government with all the energy and with all the ability of which I 
was master. 

Previous to taking the field, I issued the following orders, which set out very 
fully the policy which I considered advisable, and which at that time received 
the sanction of the government, and, so far as I know, the approval of the country. 

The order requiring the troops to subsist upon the country in which their 
operations Avere conducted has, with a wilful disregard of its terms, been con- 
strued, greatly to my discredit, as authorizing indiscriminate robbery and plun- 
der; yet the terms of this order are so specific as to the manner and by whom 
all property or subsistence needed for the use of the army should be seized, and 
the order is so common in the history of warfare that 1 have been amazed that 
it could have been so misinterpreted and misunderstood. It is therefore sub- 
mitted liere for the calm examination of the government and of the public. 

I believed then and believe now that the policy there laid down was wise and 
just, and Avas Avell calculated to secure efticient and rapid operations of the army, 
and, in case of reverse, to leave the enemy without the means of subsisting in 
the country over A\hich our army had passed, and over which any pursuit must 
be conducted. The long delay and embarrassment of the army under General 
Lee, in its subsequent movements towards Washington, occasioned largely by 
the want of supplies taken from the country under this order, fully justified its 
wisdom. 

It was determined, before I left Washhigton to take the field in Virginia, that 
the union of the; armies of Virginia and of the Potomac was absolutely essential 
both to the safety of tlie national capital and to the further successful prosecu- 
tion of the operations against Ivichmond. The mission of the army under my 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 7 

command, therefore, was to cover as far as possible the front of Waslaingtou 
and make secure the valley of the Shenandoah, and so operate upon the enemy's 
lines of communication to the Avest and nortliwest as to force him to make such 
heavy detachments from his main force at Richmond as would enable the army 
of the Potomac to withdraw from its position at Harrison's Landiue; and to take 
shipping for Acquia creek or for Alexandria. If, as was feared, the enemy should 
throw his whole force in the direction of Washington, it became my duty to re- 
sist his advance at all hazards, and so to delay and embarrass his movements as 
to gain all the time possible for the arrival of the army of the Potomac behind 
the Rappahannock. Meantime, before the arrival of General Halleck, I in- 
structed General King, at Fredericksburg, to send forward detachments of his 
cavalry to operate upon the line of the Virginia Central railroad, and as far as 
possible to embarrass and destroy communication between Richmond and the 
valley of the Shenandoah. Several cavalry expeditions which that officer de- 
spatched for the purpose were completely successful, and succeeded in breaking 
up the railroad at several points upon several occasions. At the same time I 
directed Major General Banks to send fn-ward an infantry brigade with all his 
cavalry to march rapidly upon Oulpeper Court-House, and, after taking posses- 
sion of that place, to push forward cavalry towards the Rapidan, in the direc- 
tion of Gordonsville. On the fourteenth of July, after this movement was suc- 
cessfully accomplished, 1 directed General Banks to push forward during the 
night of that day the whole of his cavalry force, under Brigadier General Hatch, 
from Culpeper, with orders to take possession of Gordonsville, and to destroy 
the railroad for ten or tifteen miles east of that place, with a portion of his forces, 
whilst all remaining pushed forward in the direction of Charlottesville, destroy- 
ing the railroad bridges and interrupting that line of communication as ftir as 
practicable. 

At that time there Avas no force of the enemy at Gordonsville or in the vicinity, 
and the whole operation as ordered was not only easily practicable, but would 
have been attended with serious consecpiences to the enemy ; but, to my surprise 
and dissatisfaction, I received, on the seventeenth of July, from General Banks, 
a report that General Hatch had taken with him infantry, artillery, and trains of 
wagons, and that, in consequence of bad roads, he had, at that date, only succeeded 
in going as far as Madison Court-House. Meantime, on the sixteenth of July, 
the advance of Jackson's forces under Ewell had reached Gordonsville, and the 
proposed movements, as ordered, became impracticable. No satisfactory expla- 
nation has ever been made to me of this departure from my orders on the part 
of General Hatch. Finding it no longer practicable to occupy Gordonsville, as 
I had designed, I sent orders to General Banks to direct General Hatch to select 
from his own cavalry and that of General McDowell, Avhich I had sent forward, 
fifteen hundred to two thousand of the best mounted men, and to proceed from 
Madison Court-House, around the west side of the Blue Ridge, to a point whence 
he could make an easy descent upon the railroad west of Gordonsville, and if 
successful, to push forward to Charlottsville, and, if possible, destroy the railroad 
between that place and Lynchburg. In compliance with this order. General 
Hatch commenced to make the movement as directed, but abandoned it very 
soon after he started, and returned by the way of Sperryville to his post. As 
soon as I had received the report of this second failure, I relieved General 
Hatch from the command of the cavalry of General Banks's corps, and sent 
Brigadier General Buford to report to General Banks as the chief of cavalry of 
his corps. On the twenty-ninth of July I left Washington, and after reviewing 
Ricketts's division of McDowell's corps at Waterloo Bridge, repaired to the 
headquarters of General Banks, a few miles southeast of Little Washington. 
All preparations having been completed, I instructed General Banks to move 
forward on the seventh of August and take post at the point where the turnpike 
from Sperryville to Culpeper crosses Hazel river. General McDowell was 



8 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

ordered on the day previous, to move forward with Ricketts's division from 
Waterloo Bridge to Culpeper Oonrt-House, so that on the seventh of August 
all the infantry ancf artillery forces of the army of Virginia wei'e assembled along 
the turnpike from Sperryville to Culpeper, and numbered about 28,500 men. 
King's division, as I have before stated, was left on the Lower Rappahannock, 
opposite Fredericksburg, and was not then available for active operations in the 
direction of Gordonsville. 

The cavalry forces covering the front of the army on that day were distributed 
as follows : General Buford, with five regiments, was posted at Madison Court- 
House, Avith his pickets along the line of the Rapidan from Burnett's Ford as 
far west as the Blue Ridge. General Sigel had been directed to post a brigade 
of infantry and a battery of artillery at the point where the road from Madison 
Oourt-House to Sperryville crosses Robertson's river, as a support to the cavalry 
of General Buford, in front of him. General Bayard, with four regiments of 
cavalry, was posted near Rapidan Station, the point where the Orange and Al- 
exandria road crosses Rapidan river, with his pickets extended as fiir to the east 
as Raccoon Ford, and connecting with General Buford on his right at Burnett's 
Ford. From Raccon Ford to the forks of the Rappahannock, above Falmouth, 
the Rapidan was lined with cavalry pickets. On the top of Thoroughfare 
mountain, about half-way between Generals Bayard and Buford, was established 
a signal station, which overlooked the whole country as far south as Orange 
Court-House, 

On the seventh I proceeded to Sperryville and inspected the corps of Major 
General Sigel. I remained at Sperryville until four o'clock on the afternoon of 
that day, during which time I received several reports from the front that the 
enemy was crossing the Rapidan at several points between the railroad crossing 
of that river and Liberty Mills. I reached Culpeper Court-House on the 
morning of the 8th of August. The town had been occupied for several days 
by Crawford's brigade of General Banks's corps, and on the 7th Ricketts'a 
division of McDowell's corps had also reached there from Waterloo Bridge. 
During the whole of the morning of the 8th I continued to receive reports from 
General Bayard, who was slowly falling back in the direction of Culpeper 
Oourt-House from the advance of the enemy, and from General Buford, who 
also reported the enemy advancing in heavy force upon Madison Court-House. 
My instructions required me to be careful and keep my communications good 
with Fredericksburg, and by no means to permit the enemy to interpose between 
me and that place. Although during the Avhole of the 8th of August it was 
very doubtful, from the reports of Generals Bayard and Buford, whether the 
enemy's movement was in the direction of Madison Court-House or of Culpe- 
per, I considered it advisable, in view of my relations with Fredericksburg, to 
concentrate my whole force in the direction of Culpeper, so as to keep myself 
constantly interposed between the main body of the enemy and the lower fords 
of the Rappahannock. Early in the day I pushed forward Crawford's bri- 
gade of Banks's corps, in the direction of Cedar or Slaughter Mountain, to 
support General Bayard, avIio was falling slowly back in that direction, and to 
assist him as far as practicable in determining the movements and the forces of 
the enemy. I sent orders, also, to General Banks to move forward promptly 
from Hazel river to Culpeper Court-House, and also to General Sigel to march 
at once from Sperryville to the same place. To my surprise, I received, after 
night on the 8th, a note from General Sigel, dated at Sperryville, at half-past 
six that afternoon, asking me by what road he should march to Culpeper 
Court-House. As there was but one road between those two points, and that a 
broad stone turnpike, I Avas at a loss to understand how General Sigel could 
entertain any doubt as to the road by which he should march. This doubt, how- 
ever, delayed the arrival of his corps at Culpeper Court-House several hours, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 9 

and rendered it impracticable for tliat corps to be pushed to the point, as I had 
designed, on the afternoon of the next day. 

Early on the morning of the 9th of August I directed General Banks to 
move forward towards Cedar Mountain with his whole corps, and to join the 
brigade of that corps, under General Crawford, which had been pushed forward 
on the day previous. I directed General Banks to take up a strong position at 
or near the point occupied by that brigade, to check the advance of the enemy, 
and to determine his forces and the character of his movement as far as practi- 
cable. The consolidated report of General Banks's corps, received some days 
previously, exhibited an effective force of something over fourteen thousand 
men. Appended to this report Avill be found the return in question. It ap- 
peared subsequently, however, that General Banks's forces at that time did not 
exceed eight thousand men. But although I several times called General 
Banks's attention to the discrepancy between this return and the force he after- 
wards stated to me he had led to the front, that discrepancy has never been 
explained, and I do not yet understand how General Banks could have been so 
greatly mistaken as to the forces under his immediate command. I directed 
him, when he went forward from Culpeper Court-House, that if the enemy 
advanced to attack him in the strong position which I had instructed him to 
take up, he should push his skirmishers Avell to the front and notify me imme- 
diately. Three miles in his rear, and within easy supporting distance, llicketts's 
division of General McDowell's corps had been posted at the point where the 
road from Madison Court-House to Culpeper intersects the road from Culpe- 
per to Cedar Mountain. This division was so posted because it was not certain 
whether a considerable force of the enemy was not advancing on Culpeper 
from the direction of Madison Court-House. General Buford having reported 
to me very early on the morning of the 9th, from Madison Court-House, that 
the enemy was in heavy force on his right, his left, and partly on his rear, and 
that he was retreating in the direction of Sperryville. 

Desultory artillery firing had been kept up all day on the ninth in the direc- 
tion of General Banks's corps ; but I continued to receive during the whole of 
that day reports from General Banks that no considerable force of the enemy, 
except cavalry, had come forward, and that though the cavalry had been osten- 
tatiously displayed, he did not believe that the enemy Avas in sufHcient force to 
make any attack upon him. As late as 5 o'clock in the afternoon General 
Banks Avrote me substantially to the same effect ; but before 1 had received this 
last note the artillery firing had become so rapid and continuous that I feared 
a general engagement was going on, or might be brought on at any moment. I 
therefore instructed General McDowell to move forward llicketts's division rap- 
idly to the field and accompanied that division myself At no time during the 
day did General Banks express any apprehensions of attack in force by the 
enemy, nor did he ask nor intimate that he needed re-enforcements. 

General Sigel's corps began to march into Culpeper Court-House late in the 
afternoon, and just as I was leaving that place, having been delayed several 
hours by General Sigel's singular uncertainty as to what road he ought to pur 
sue ; I had given orders a number of days previously that all the troops belong 
ing to the army of Virginia should be ready to march at the shortest notice, and 
should habitually keep two days' cooked rations in their haversacks. Notwith- 
standing this order. General Sigel's corps arrived in Culpeper without any 
rations, and was unable to move forward until provisions could be procured from 
McDowell's train and cooked at Culpeper Court-House. 

I have received no report from General Banks of his operations at Cedar 
Mountain, but I had sent forward Brigadier General Roberts, chief of cavalry 
of my staff, and had directed him to report to General Banks in the early part 
of the day of the 9th, and to advise freely with him as to the operations of his 
corps. General Roberts, as well as General Banks, was fully advised of my 



10 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

■wishes, and tliat I desired General Banks merely to keep tlie enemy ift clieck 
by occupying a strong position in his front, until the whole of the disposable 
forces under my command should be concentrated in the neighborhood. Gen- 
eral Roberts reported to me that he had conferred freely with General Banks, 
and urgently represented to him my purposes ; but that General Banks, contrary 
to his suggestions and to my wishes, had left the strong position which he had 
taken up and had advanced at least a mile to assault the enemy, believing that 
they were not in . considerable force, and that he would be able to crush their 
advance before their main body could come up from the direction of the Rapidan. 
He accordingly threw forward his whole corps into action against superior forces 
of the enemy strongly posted and sheltered by woods and ridges. His ad- 
vance led him over the open ground, which was everywhere SAvept by the fire 
of the enemy concealed in the Avoods and ravines beyond. Notwithstanding 
these disadvantages his corps gallantly responded to his orders and assaulted 
the enemy Avith great fury and determination. The action lasted about an hour 
and a half, and during that time our forces suffered lieavy loss, and were gradu- 
ally driven back to their former position ; at which point, just at dusk, Ricketts's 
division of McDowell's corps, came up and joined in the engagement. 

As soon as I arrived on the field, at the head of Ricketts's division, I directed 
General Banks to draw in his right, which was much extended, and to mass the 
whole of his right wing at the centre of his line, pushing forward at the same 
time Ricketts's division to occupy the ground thus vacated. The enemy fol- 
lowed Banks, as he retired, Avith great caution, and emerging from the wood, 
which had sheltered him all day, attempted to push forward to the open ground 
in front of our ncAV line. A sharp artillery engngement immediately commenced, 
when the enemy Avas driven back to the Avoods principally by the batteries of 
Ricketts's division. 

The artillery firing Avas kept up until near midnight of the 9th. Finding 
that Banks's corps had been severely cut up and was much fixtigued, I drcAV it 
back to the rear and pushed forward the corps of Sigel, Avhich had begun to ar- 
rive, to occupy the Avoods on the left of the road, with a wide space of open 
ground in his front Ricketts's division Avas also draAvn back to the cover of 
the Avoods and behind the ridges in the open ground on the right of Sigel. 
These dispositions Avere completed about daybreak on the morning of the 10th. 
Banks's corps, reduced to about five thousand men, Avas so cut up and worn 
down Avith fatigue that I did not consider it capable of rendering any efficient 
service for several days. I therefore directed General Banks, or, in his absence, 
General Williams, Avho succeeded to the command, to assemble his corps on the 
road to Culpeper Court-House and about two miles in rear of our front ; to 
collect his stragglers, send back his Avounded to Culpeper Court-House, and 
proceed as rapidly as possible to put the corps in condition for service. 

In consequence of the vigorous resistance of the night previous, and the 
seA'ere loss of the enemy in attempting to advance, before daylight of the 10th 
Jackson drcAv back his forces toAvards Cedar Mountain, about tAvo miles from 
our front. Our pickets Avere immediately pushed forward, supported by Mil- 
roy's brigade, and occupied the ground. 

The day of the 10th Avas intensely hot, and the troops on both sides Avere too 
much fatigued to rencAv the action. My Avhole effective force on that day, ex- 
clusive of Banks's corps, Avhich Avas in no condition for service, was about 20,000 
artillery and infantry, and about 2,000 cavalry. General Buford, Avith the cavalry 
force under his command, not yet having been able to join the main body, I had 
telegraphed General King, at Fredericksburg, to move forAvard on the 8th by the 
loAver fords of the Rappahannock and Stevensburg to join me. A large part of 
his command had just returned from a very fixtiguing expedition against the 
Central railroad, but he marched forAvard promptly and joined the main body 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 11 

late in tlie evening of the 11th. The whole day was spent by both armies in 
burying the dead and in bringing off the wounded. 

Although, even after King joined me, my whole effective force was barely 
equal to that of the enemy, I determined, after giving King's division one night's 
rest, to fall upon him at daylight on the 12th, on his line of communication, and 
compel him to fight a battle which must have been entirely decisive for one army 
or the other. 

But during the night of the 11th Jackson evacuated his position in front of 
us and retreated rapidly across the llajiidan, in the direction of Gordonsville, 
leaving many of his dead and wounded on the field and along the road from 
Cedar Mountain to Orange Court-House. No materiel of war nor baggage trains 
were lost on either side, but the loss of life on both sides Avas severe. Brigadier 
Generals Geary, Auger, and Carroll were badly wounded, and Brigadier General 
Prince was captured by accident. Very many of our best field and company 
ofiicers were killed or wounded. From the verbal reports and statements of 
General Banks and others, the Massachusetts regiments behaved with especial 
gallantry and sustained the heaviest losses ; but the conduct of the Avhole corps 
of General Banks was beyond all praise. Although I regret that General Banks 
thought it expedient to depart from my instructions, it gives me pleasure to bear 
testimony to his gallant and intrepid conduct throughout that action. He ex- 
posed himself as freely as any one under his command, and his example went 
far to secure that gallant and noble conduct which has made his corps fiimous. 
Generals Geary, Auger, Carroll, Gordon, and Green behaved with distinguished 
gallantry. General Prince, who had led his brigade throughout the action with 
coolness and courage, was captured after dark whilst passing from one flank of 
his command to the other. As I have not received any report from General 
Banks, it is not in my power to mention the field and company officers who 
distinguished themselves under his immediate eye in this action ; but as soon as 
his report is received I will transmit it to the government, and endeavor to do 
justice to every officer and soldier who belonged to his corps. Brigadier General 
Roberts, chief of cavalry of my staff", accompanied General Banks throughout 
the day, and rendered most important and gallant service. 

No report of killed and wounded has been made to me by General Banks ; I 
can, therefor(^ only form an approximation of our losses in that battle. Our 
killed, wounded, and prisoners amoimted to about 1,800 men, besides which 
fully 1,000 men straggled back to Culpeper Court-Houscand beyond, and never 
entirely returned to their commands. A strong cavalry force under Generals 
Buford and Bayard pursued the enemy to the Rapidan and captured many 
stragglers. The cavalry forces immediately resumed their original positions, and 
again occupied the Rapidan from Raccoon Ford to the base of the Blue Ridge. 
Ou the 14th of August General Reno, with 8,000 men of the forces which had 
arrived at Falmouth, under General Burnside, joined me. I immediately pushed 
forward my whole force in the direction of the Rapidan, and occupied a strong 
position, with my right, under Major Gen. Sigel, resting on Robertson's river, where 
the road from Cedar Mountain to Orange Court-House crosses that stream; my 
centre, under General McDowell, occupying both flanks of Cedar Mountain ; and 
my left, under General Reno, a position near Raccoon Ford, and covering the 
road from that ford to Stevensburg and Culpeper. I began immediately again 
to operate with my cavalry upon the enemy's communications Avith Richmond. 
From the 12th to the 18th of August rejjorts were constantly reaching me of 
large forces of the enemy re-enforcing Jackson from the direction of Richmond, 
and by the morning of the 18th I became satisfied that nearly the whole force 
of the enemy from Richmoiid was assembling in my front, along the south side 
of the Rapidan, and extending from Raccoon Ford to Liberty Mills. 

The cavalry expeditions sent out on the sixteenth, in the direction of Louisa 
Court-House, captured the adjutant general of General Stuart, and was very 



12 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

near capturing tliat officer himself. Among the papers taken was an autograph 
letter of General Robert Lee to General Stuart, dated Gordonsville, August 
15th, which made manifest to me the position and force of the enemy, and their 
determination to overwhelm the anny under my command before it could be 
re-enforced by any portion of the army of the Potomac. I held on to my posi- 
tion, thus far to the front, for the purpose of affording all time possible for the 
arrival of the army of the Potomac at Acquia and Alexandria, and to embarrass 
and delay the movements of the enemy as for as practicable. On the 18th of 
August it became apparent to me that this advanced position, with the small 
force under my command, was no longer tenable in the fece of the overwhelm- 
ing forces of the enemy. I determined, accordingly, to withdraw behind the 
Rappahannock Avith all speed, and, as I had been instructed, to defend, as far 
as practicable, the line of that river. I directed Major General Reno to send 
back his trains, on the morning of the 18th, by the way of 8tevcnsburg, to 
Kelly's or Burnett's Ford, and, as soon as the trains had gotten several hours in 
advance, to follow them with his whole corps, and take post behind the Rappa- 
hannock, leaving all his cavalry in the neighborhood of Raccoon Ford to cover 
this movement. General Banks's corps, which had been ordered, on the 12th, 
to take position at Oulpeper Court-House, I directed, with its trains preceding 
it, to cross the Rappahannock at the point where the Orange and Alexandria 
railroad crosses that river. General McDowell's train Avas ordered to pursue 
the same route, while the train of General Sigel was directed through Jefterson, 
to cross the Rappahannock at Warrenton Sulphur Springs. So soon as these 
trains had been sufficiently advanced, McDoAvell's corps was directed to take 
the route from Culpeper to Rappahannock Ford, whilst General Sigel, who was 
on the right and front, Avas instructed to folloAv the movements of his train to 
Sulphur Springs. These movements Avere executed during the day and night 
of the 18th, and the day of the 19th, by which time the whole army, with its 
trains, had safely recrossed the Rappahannock and A\%as posted behind that 
stream, Avitli its left at Kelly's Ford and its right about three miles above Rap- 
pahannock Station, General Sigel having been directed, immediately upon cross- 
ing at Sulphur Springs, to march doAvn the left bank of the Rappahannock until 
he connected closely Avith General McDowell's right. 

Early on the morning of the 20th the enemy drove in our pickets in front of 
Kelly's Ford and at Rappahannock Station, but finding we had covered those 
fords, and that it would be impracticable to force the passage of the river Avith- 
out heavy loss, his advance halted and the main body of his array Avas brought 
forAvard from the Rapidan. By the night of the 20th the bulk of his forces 
confronted us from Kelly's Ford to a point above our extreme right. During 
the Avhole of the days of the 21st and 22d efforts were made by the enemy, at 
various points, to cross the river, but they were repulsed in all cases. The ar- 
tillery fire Avas rapid and continuous during the Avhole of those days, and ex- 
tended along the line of the river for seven or eight miles. Finding that it was 
not practicable to force the passage of the river in my front, the enemy began 
slowly to move up the river for the purpose of turning our right. My orders 
required me to keep myself closely in communication Avith Fredericksburg, to 
which point the army of the Potomac Avas being brought from the peninsula, 
Avith the purpose of re-enforcing me from that pkce by the line of the Rappa- 
hannock. My force Avas too small to enable me to extend my right further Avith- 
out so Aveakening my line as to render it easy for the enemy to break through 
at any point. 1 telegraphed again and again to Washington, representing tliis 
moA'emcnt of the enemy toAvard my right and the impossibility of my being able 
to extend my lines so as to resist it Avithout abandoning my connexions Avith 
Fredericksburg. 

I Avas assured, on the 21st, that if I would hold the line of the river tAvo days 
longer I should be so strongly re-enforced as not only to be secure, but to be 



EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 13 

able to resume offensive operations ; but on the 25th of August the only forces 
that had joined me, or were in the neighborhood, were two thousand five hun- 
dred men of the Pennsylvania reserves, under Brigadier General Reynolds, who 
had arrived at Kelly's Ford, and the division of General Kearney, four thousand 
five hundred strong, which had reached Warrenton Junction. The line of the 
Rappahannock is very weak, and scarce opposes any considerable obstacle to 
the advance of an army. It is but a small stream above the forks, and can be 
crossed by good fords every mile or two of its whole length. The movement 
of the enemy towards my right occasioned me much uneasiness, in consequence 
of the instructions, which bound me to keep in close communication with Fred- 
ericksburg; but I instructed General Sigel, who occupied the right of my line, 
and who expressed great apprehensions that his flank would be turned, and pro- 
posed to withdraw from his position towards the railroad, to stand firm and hold 
his ground, and to allow the enemy to cross at Sulphur Springs and develop 
himself on the road toward Warrenton ; that, as soon as any considerable force 
had crossed at that place, I would rapidly mass my army during the night and 
throw it upon any force of the enemy which attempted to march in the direction 
of Warrenton. The whole of the cavalry under Brigadier Generals Buford and 
Bayard was pushed considera])ly to the right of General Sigel, in the direction 
of Fayetteville and Sulphur Springs, to watch the movements of the enemy in 
that direction, and to picket the river as far up as possible. General Sigel was 
ordered, if any force of the enemy attempted to cross below Sulphur Springs, to 
march at once against it and to notify me, as I was determined to resist the 
passage of the river at any point below the springs. Copies of my despatches 
to the general-in-chief, and of his replies, the despatches from General Sigel, and 
my orders to him, given during the 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d of August, are 
appended, which show completely the condition of things, my understanding of 
the movements of the enemy, and the dispositions which I made and proposed 
to make in relation to them. 

Finding that the continued movement of the enemy to my right, whilst heavy 
masses of his force still confronted me at Rappahannock Station, would, within 
a day, if allowed to contiime, either render my position on the Rappahannock 
wholly untenable, or force me to give battle to the enemy in my front and on my 
right, I determined, on the afternoon of the 22d, to mass my whole force to re- 
cross the Rappahannock by the bridges and fords near Rappahannock Station, 
and by Kelly's Ford below, and to fall on the flank and rear of the long column 
of the enemy which was passing up the river towards our right. 

I accordingly made the necessary orders on the night of the 22d of August. 
The attempt would have been dangerous, but no recourse was left me, except to 
make this attack, to retire to Warrenton Junction and abandon the line of the 
Rappahannock, or to retire in the direction of Fredericksburg and abandon the 
Orange and Alexandria railroad and the direct approaches to Washington city. 
I determined, therefore, to hazard the result, and to fall furiously, with my 
whole army, upon the flank and rear of the enemy. During the night of the 
22d a heavy rain set in, which, before day dawned on the 23d, had caused the 
river to rise six or eight feet, carried away all our bridges, and destroyed all the 
fords on the river. To recross the Rappahannock and to make the attack, as 
proposed, was no longer practicable ; but the rise in the river which had pre- 
vented the movement I believed also would prevent the retreat of that portion 
of the enemy which had crossed at Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge, 
according to the reports which had been sent me by General Sigel. 

Early on the morning of the 23d, therefore, I massed my whole force in the 
neighborhood of Rappahannock Station with the purpose of falling upon that 
portion of the enemy which had crossed above me, and was then supposed to 
be between Sulphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, and the town of Warrenton. 
As the river was too high to be crossed, and was likely to remain so for at least 



14 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 

thirty-six hours, I liad no fear that the enemy Avoukl be able to interpose between 
me and Fredericksburg, or to make any attempt upon the Orange and Ak'xan- 
dria raih'oad north of the Rappahannock. I directed Genei-al Sigel to march, 
with his whole corps, upon Sulphur Springs, supported by Reno's corps and 
Banks's coi'ps, to fall upon any body of the enemy that he might encounter, and 
to push forward along the river to Waterloo Bridge. I directed General Mc- 
Dowell to move, at the same time, directly upon the town of Warrenton, so that 
from that point he would be able, if necessary, to unite with General Sigel on 
the road from that place to Sulphur Springs or to Waterloo Bridge. To the 
corps of General McDowell I had attached the Pennsylvania reserves, under 
Bi-igadier General Reynolds, the first of the army of the Potomac which had 
joined my command. 

On the night of the 2'2(l of August a small cavalry force of the enemy, cross- 
ing at Waterloo Bridge and passing through Warrenton, had made a raid iipon 
our trains at Catlett's Station, and had destroyed four or five wagons in all, be- 
longing to the train of my own headquarters ; at the time this cavalry force 
attacked at Catlett's, and it certainly was not more than three hundred strong, 
our whole army trains were parked at that place, and were guarded by not less 
than fifteen hundred infantry and five companies of cavalry. The success of 
this small cavalry party of the enemy, although very trifling and attended with 
but little damage, was most disgraceful to the force which had been left in charge 
of the trains. General Sigel moved, as ordered, slowly up the Rappahannock, 
in the direction of Sulphur Springs, on the 23d, and first encountered a force of 
the enemy near the point where a small creek, called Great Run, puts into the 
Rappahannock, about two miles below the Sulphur Springs; the en(!my was 
driven across the stream, but destroyed the bridges ; the heavy rains had caused 
this small creek to rise so much that it was not then fordable, so that the night 
of the 23d and part of the morning of the 24th were spent by General Sigel 
in rebuilding the bridges. On the night of the 23d also the advance of Mc- 
Dowell's corps occupied Warrenton, a cavalry force of the enemy having re- 
treated from there a few hours before. 

On the morning of the 24th General Sigel, supported by Generals Reno and 
Banks, crossed Great Run and occupied the Sulphur Springs, under a heavy fire of 
artillery from batteries which the enemy had established all along the south side 
of the Rappahannock. The bridge which had been built at Sulphur Springs, and 
upon which the forces of the enemy which had crossed a day or two previous 
escaped from the advance of General Sigel, was destroyed, and General Sigel 
pushed forward, with the force supporting him, in the direction of Waterloo 
Bridge. Meantime I had despatched Brigadier General Buford with a heavy 
cavalry force from Warrenton, on the morning of the 24th, to reconnoitre the 
country in the vicinity of Waterloo Bridge, and to interrupt the passage of the 
river at that point as far as practicable. It was then believed by General Sigel, 
who so reported to me, that a considerable force of the enemy was on the north 
side of the Rappahannock, and was retiring from his advance in the direction of 
Waterloo Bridge. By noon of the 24th General Buford reported to me that he had 
occupied Waterloo Bridge without finding any force of the enemy, and he did 
not believe that there was any force between that place and Sulphur Springs. 
I directed him to destroy the bridge at Waterloo and to maintain his position 
there until the arrival of the advance of General Sigel. I at once infoiTued 
General Sigel of these facts, and directed him to push forward his advance to 
Waterloo ; IMilroy's brigade, constituting the advance of his corps, reached 
Waterloo late in the afternoon of the 24th. On that afternoon the whole force 
of the enemy was stretched along the line of the river from Rappahannock sta- 
tion to Waterloo Bridge, with his centre, and I think his main body, in the 
vicinity of Sulphur Springs. 

During the day of the 24th a large detachment of the enemy, numbering 



REPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 15 

thirty-six regiments of infantry with the usual number of batteries of artillery 
and a considerable cavalry force, marched rapidly towards the north in the direc- 
tion of Eectortown. They could be plainly seen from our signal stations estab- 
lished on high points along the Rappahannock, and their movements and force 
■were reported to me from time to time by Colonel J. S. Olark, of General Bank's 
staff, who, both on that day and for many preceding and succeedings day, had 
given me most valuable and reliable information. I am glad to express here my 
appreciation of the valuable services of this officer. On the night of the 24th 
my forces were distributed as folloM\s : Rickett's division, of McDowell's corps, 
on the road from Warrenton to AVaterloo Bridge, and about four miles east of 
Waterloo ; King's division, of the same corps, between Warrenton and the Sulphur 
Springs ; Sigel's corps, near the Rappahannock, with his advance at Waterloo 
Bridge, and his rear in the direction of the Sulphur Springs; in his rear, and 
immediately in contact with him, was Banks's corps; while Reno's corps was 
east, and very near the Sulphur Springs. 

I was satisfied that no force of the enemy was on the north side of the Rap- 
pahannock, but I feared that during the next day — by which time the river 
would have flillen sufficiently to be passed at any of the fords — that the enemy 
would make an attempt to cross at Rappahannock Station, or at the fords be- 
tween that point and Sulphur Springs ; yet, as we were confronted at Waterloo 
Bridge and Sulphur Springs by the main body of the enemy, still moving to- 
wards our right, and as the heavy column mentioned previously was marching 
with all speed in the direction of White Plains and Salem, and from these points 
would be able to turn our right by the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, or even 
north of that place, it was with the greatest reluctance, and only because I felt 
bound to do so under my instructions, that I took measures again to assure my 
communications with Fredericksburg. I append herewith orders and despatches 
sent and received during the 23d and 24th of August, which will of them- 
selves furnish a succinct account of the movements here set forth, and all the 
information and assurances upon which those movements were made. On the 
23d I received a despatch from the general-in-chief, informing me that heavy 
re-enforcements would begin to arrive at Warrenton Junction the succeeding day, 
and on the 24th I received despatches from Colonel Haupt, the railroad super- 
intendent at Alexandria, informing me that thirty thousand men, ordered for- 
ward to join me, had demanded transportation from him, and that they would 
all be shipped that afternoon or early the next morning. The force which I 
thus expected, as reported to me, consisted of the division of General Sturgis, 
ten thousand strong ; the division of General Cox, seven thousand strong ; the 
corps of General Heintzelman, ten thousand strong, and the corps of General 
Franklin, ten thousand strong. By the night of the 2.5th it became apparent to 
me that 1 could no longer keep open my communications with Fredericksburg 
and oppose the crossing of the Rappahaimock at Rappaharniock Station with- 
out abandoning the road from Warrenton to Washington, and. leaving ctpen to 
the enemy the route through Thoroughfare Gap, and all other roads north of the 
Orange and Alexandria railroad ; and as the main body of his forces was con- 
stantly tending in that direction, I determined no longer to attempt to mask the 
lower fords of the Rappahannock, but to assemble such forces as I had along 
the Warrenton turnpike, between Warrenton and Gainesville, and give battle to 
the enemy on my right or left, as he might choose. I therefore directed Gen- 
eral j\IcL)owell to occupy Warrenton with his own and Sigel's corps, supporting 
him by Banks's corps, from the direction of Fayetteville. I pushed Reno for- 
ward to occupy a point near the Warrenton turnpike, and about three miles to the 
east of that town. I sent orders to General Porter, wlio liad reported to me by 
note from the neighborhood of Bealeton Station, to push forward and join Reno. 
Heintzelman's corps, which had reached Warrenton Junction, was ordered to 
remain for the present at that point, it being my purpose to push forward that 



16 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

corps, as soon as practicable, to Greenwich, about half-way between Warrenton 
and Gainesville. I sent orders to Colonel Haupt to direct one of the strongest 
divisions being sent forward to take post in the works at Manassas Junction, 
and requested General Halleck to push Franklin with all speed to Gainesville ; 
that he could march quite as rapidly as he could be transported by rail with the 
limited means of railroad transportation in our possession, and that his baggage 
and supplies could be seut forward to Gainesville by rail. I also sent orders to 
the colonel commanding at Manassas Junction for the first division that reached 
there from Alexandria to halt and take post in the works at that place, and 
directed him also to push forward all of his cavalry in the direction of Thorough- 
fare Gap ; to watch any movements the enemy might make from that dii-ection. 
I had instructed General Sturgis, commanding at Alexandria, on the 23d of 
August, to post strong guards along the railroad from Manassas Junction to 
Catlett's Station, and requested him to superintend this in person. I also di- 
rected General Kearney, who reached Warrenton Junction on the 23d, to see 
that sufficient guards were placed all along the railroad in his rear. After these 
precautions and assurances, I thought, and confidently expected, that by the 
afternoon of the 26th Franklin would have been at or near Gainesville ; one 
division would have been occupying the works at Manassas Junction, and that 
the forces under Sturgis and Cox would have been at Wari-enton Junction, 
whence they could have at once been pushed north, in the dii-ection of Warren- 
ton turnpike. The orders for the disposition of the forces then under my com- 
mand were sent, and the movements made, so far as practicable, during the day 
of the 26th. About eight o'clock at night, on the 26th, the advance of Jack- 
son's force, having passed through Thoroughfare Gap, cut the railroad in the 
neighborhood of Kettle Run, about six miles east of Warrenton Junction. The 
cavalry tV)rce which I had sent forward towards Thoroughfare Gap on the morn- 
ing of the 26th made no report to me. 

The moment our communications were interrupted at Kettle Run I was satis ' 
fied that the troops Avliich had been promised me from the direction of Wash- 
ington had made no considerable progress. Had Franklin been even at Centre- 
ville on the 26th, or had Cox and Sturgis been as far west as Bull Run on that 
day, the movement of Jackson through Thoroughfare Gap upon the railroad at 
Manassas would have been utterly impracticable. So confidently did I expect, 
from the assurances which I had time and again received, that these troops 
would be in position, or, at all events, far advanced towards me, that Jackson's 
movement towards White Plains, and in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, had 
caused but little luieasiness ; but on the night of the 26th it was very apparent 
to me that all these expected re-enforcements had utterly failed me, and that upon 
the small force under my own immediate command I must depend alone for any 
present op':'rations against the enemy. It was easy for me to retire in the direc- 
tion of the lower fords of the Rappahannock to Fredericksburg, so as to bring 
me in immediate contact with the forces th(;re, or arriving there, but by so doing 
I should have left open the whole front of Washington ; and after my own 
disappointment of the re-enforcements which 1 had expected I was not sure that 
there was any sufficient force, in the absence of the army under my command, 
to cover the capital. I determined, therefore, at once to abandon the line of the 
Rappahannock, and throw my Avhole force in the direction of Gainesville and 
Manassas Junction, to crush the enemy, who had passed through Thoroughfare 
Gap, and to interpose between the army of General Lee and Bull Run. Dur- 
ing the night of the 26th the main body of the enemy still occupied their posi- 
tions from Sulphur Springs to Waterloo Bridge and above, but towards morning, 
on the 27th, I think their advance moved off in the direction of White Plains, 
pursuing the route previously taken by Jackson, and no doubt with a view of 
uniting with him eastward of the Bull Run range. 

From the 18th of August until the morning of the 27th the troops under my 



REPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 17 

command had been continuously marching and fighting night and day, and during 
the whole of that time there was scarcely an interval of an hour without the 
roar of artillery. The men had had little sleep, were greatly worn down Avith 
fatigue, had had little time to get proper food or to eat it, had been engaged in 
constant battles and skirmishes, and had performed services laborious, dangerous, 
and excessive beyond any previous experience i)i this country. As was to be 
expected under such circumstances, the numbers of the army imder my com- 
mand had been greatly reduced by deaths, by Avounds, by sickness, and by 
fatigue, so that on the morning of the 27th of August I estimated my whole 
effective force (and I think the estimate was large) as follows : Sigel's corps, 
nine thousand men ; Banks's corps, five thousand men ; McDowell's corps, in- 
cluding Reynolds's division, fifteen thousand five hundred men ; Reno's corps, 
seven thousand men ; the corps of Heintzelman and Porter, (the freshest by far 
in that army,) about eighteen thousand men — making in all fifty -four thousand 
five hundred men. Our cavaJry numbered on paper about four thousand men, 
but their horses were completely broken down, and there Averc not five hundred 
men, all told, capable of doing much service, as should be expected from cavalry. 
The corps of Heintzelman had reached Warrenton Junction, butitAvas Avithout 
"wagons, without artilleiy, AA'ith only forty rounds of ammunition to the man, 
and Avithout CA'en horses for the general and field officers. The corps of I'ortcr 
had also reached Warrenton Junction Avith a A'ery small supply of provisions, 
and but forty roiinds of ammunition for each man. 

On the morning of the 27th, in accordance Avith the purpose pre^viously set 
forth, I directed McDoAvell to moA-e forward rapidly on GainesA'ille, by the 
Wai'renton turnpike, Avith his OAvn corps and Sigel's and the division of Rey- 
nolds, so as to reach that point during the night. 1 directed General Reno, 
with his corps, folloAved by Kearney's division of Heintzelman's corps, to moA'e 
rapidly on GreeuAvich, so as to reach there that night, to communicate at once 
with General McDowell, and to support him in any operations against the enemy 
in the vicinity of GainesA-ille. I moA^ed forward along the railroad tOAvards 
Manassas Junction Avith Hooker's diA'ision of Heintzelman's corps, leaving 
orders for General Porter to remain Avith his corps at AVa'rrenton Junction until 
relieved by General Banks, Avho Avas marching to that place from Fayetteville ; 
and, as soon as he Avas relicA^ed, to push forAvard also in the direction of Gaines- 
ville, Avhere, at that time, I expected the main collision Avith the enemy would 
occur. 

The army trains of all the corps I instructed to take the road to Warrenton 
Junction, and follow in the rear of Hooker's diA^ision toAvards Manassas Junction, 
so that the road pursued by the trains Avas entirely covered from any possible 
interruption by the enemy. 

On the afternoon of the 27th a scA^ere engagement occuiTed betAveen Hooker's 
division and EavcH's division of Jackson's forces. The action commenced about 
four miles Avest of Bristow Station. EavcII was driA'en back along the railroad, 
but still confronted Hooker at dark along the banks of Broad Run, immediately 
in front of BristoAv Station, at Avhich point I arrived at sunset. The loss in this 
engagement Avas about three hundred killed and Avounded on each side. The 
enemy left his dead, many of his Avounded, and much of his baggage on the 
field of battle. 

The railroad had been torn up and the bridges burned in scA^eral places be- 
tween BristoAv Station and Warrenton Junction. I accordingly directed Major 
General Banks to cover the railroad trains at Warrenton Junction until General 
Porter's corps had marched from that place, and then to run back the trains as 
far as practicable, and, covering them Avith his troops, to repair the bridges as 
fast as possible. I also directed Captain Merrill, of the engineers, Avith a con- 
siderable force, to repair the railroad track and bridges as far as possible in the 
direction of Bristow Station. The road Avas accordingly put in order from 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 2 



18 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 

Warrenton Junction to Kettio Run during the 27tli, and the trains run back to 
that point early next day. 

At dark on the 27th General Hooker reported to me that his ammunition 
was nearly exhausted, and that he had but about five rounds to the man left. 
I had by that time become conscious that the whole force under Jackson, 
consisting of his own, A. P. Hill's, and E well's divisions, was south of the 
Warrenton turnpike and in the immediate neighborhood of Manassas Junction. 
McDowell reached his position during the night of the 27th, as did also Kearney and 
Reno, and it was clear, on that night, that we had interposed compk^tely between 
Jackson and the main body of the enemy, which was still west of the Bull liun range 
and in the neighborhood of White Plains. Thinking it altogether likely that 
Jackson would mass his whole force and attempt to turn our right at Bristow Sta- 
tion, and knowing that Hooker, for want of ammunition, Avas in little condition to 
make long resistanc(?, I sent back orders to Greneral Porter, about dark of the 
27th, to move forward at one o'clock in the night, and I'eport to me at Bristow 
by daylight in the morning, leaving instructions in some detail for Banks, who 
was expected at Warrenton Junction during that night or early in the morning. 
The orders for all these movements are herewith appended. General Porter 
failed utterly to obey the orders that were sent him, giving as an excuse that 
his men were tired, tliat they would straggle in the night, and that the wagon 
trains proceeding eastward, in the rear of Hooker's division, would offer ob- 
structions to hism arch. He, however, made no attempt whatever to comply with 
this order, although it was stated to him in the order itself that his presence was 
necessary on all accounts at daylight, and that the officer delivering the despatch 
was instructed to conduct him to the field. 

There were but two cours(?s left open to Jackson in. consequence of this sud- 
den and unexpected movement of the army : He could not retrace his steps 
through Gainesville, as it was occupied by McDowell, having at command a force 
eqiial, if not superior, to his own, and Avas either obliged, therefore, to retreat 
through Centreville, which would carry him still further from the main body of 
Lee's army, or to mass his force, assault us at Bristow Station, and turn our 
right. He pursued the former course, and retired through Centreville. This 
mistake of Jackson's alone saved us from the consequences which would have 
followed this flagrant and inexcusable disobedience of orders on the part of Gen- 
eral Porter. 

At nine o'clock on the night of the 27th, satisfied of Jackson's position, I sent 
orders to General McDowell to push forward at the very earliest dawn of day 
towards Manassas Junction from Gainesville, resting his right on the Manassas 
Gap railroad, and throAving his left Avell to the east. I directed General Reno 
to march at the same hour from Greenwich direct upon Manassas Junction, and 
Kearney to march at the same hour iipon BristoAv. This latter order Avas sent 
to Kearney to render my right at Bristow perfectly secixre against the probable 
movement of Jackson in that direction. Kearney arrived at Bristow about eight 
o'clock in the morning, Reno being on his left and marching direct upon Ma- 
nassas Junction. I immediately pushed Kearney forward in pursuit of EavcII 
tOAvards Manassas, followed by Hooker. General Porter's corps did not arrive 
at Bristow until half-past ten o'clock in the morning, and the moment he found 
that Jackson had evacuated Manassas Junction he requested permission to halt 
at Bristow and rest his men. Sykes's division of Porter's corps had spent the 
Avhole day of the 27th, from ten o'clock in the morning until daylight of the 
28th, in camp at Warrenton Junction. Morell's division of the same corps had 
arrived at Warrenton Junction during the day of the 27th, and also remained 
there during the Avhole of that night. Porter's corps was by fiir the freshest in 
the Avhole army, and should have been, and I believe Avas, in better condition for 
serA^ce than any trooj)s Ave had. General McDoAvell reported to me afterwards 
that he had given orders for the movement of his command upon Manassas 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 19 

.function at two o'clock at night, in accordance with the directions I had sent him, 
but General Sigel, who commanded his advance, and was at Gainesville, instead 
of moving- forward from Gainesville at daylight, as he was ordered, was absolutely 
with his advance in that town as late as half-past seven in the morning. Meantime, 
beginning about three o'clock in the morning of the 28th, Jackson commenced 
evacuating Manassas Junction, and his troops were marching from that point in the 
direction of Centreville until ten or eleven o'clock in the day. If the whole force 
under McDowell had moved forward as du-ected and at the time speci- 
fied, they would have intercepted Jackson's retreat toward Centreville by eight 
o'clock in the morning, and I do not believe it would have been possible for 
Jackson to have crossed Bull Run, so closely engaged witli our forces, without 
heavy loss. 

I reached Manassas Junction with Kearney's division and Reno's corps about 
twelve o'clock in the day of the 28th, less than an hour after Jackson in person 
had retired. I immediately pushed forward Hooker, Kearney, and Reno upon 
Centreville, and sent orders to Fitz John Porter to come forward to Manassas 
Junction. I also wrote to McDowell and stated the facts, so far as we were then 
able to ascertain them, and directed him to call back the whole of his force that 
had come in the direction of Manassas Junction, and to move forward upon Cen- 
treville. He had, however, without my knowledge, detached Ricketts's division 
in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, and that division was no longer available 
in his movement towards Centreville. Late on the afternoon of the 28th Kear- 
ney drove the enemy's rear guard out of Centreville, and occupied that town, 
Avith his advance beyond it, about dark. The enemy retreated through Centre- 
ville, one portion of his force taking the road by Sudley Springs, and the other 
pursuing the Warrenton turnpike towards Gainesville, destroying the bridges 
on that road over Bull Run and Cub Run. McDowell, with his whole force, 
consisting of his own corps, except Ricketts's division, Sigel's corps, and the 
division of Reynolds, marching in the direction of Centreville, encountered the 
advance of Jackson's force retreating towards Thoroughfare Gap about six o'clock 
on the evening of the 28th. A severe action took place between King's 
division of McDowell's corps, and the advance of Jackson, which was termi- 
nated by darkness. Each party maintained its ground. Gibbon's brigade of 
King's division, which was in the advance of that division, sustained the brunt 
of the action, but was supported handsomely by Doubleday's brigade, which 
came into action shortly after. This engagement and its result were reported 
to me near Centreville about ten o'clock that night. 

I felt sure then, and so stated, that there was no escape for Jackson. I 
accordingly sent orders to General McDowell, as also to General King, several 
times during the night of 28th, and once by his own staff officer, to hold his 
ground at all lui^ards, to prevent the retreat of Jackson to the west, and that at 
daylight in the morning our whole force from Centreville and Manassas Junction 
•would be up with the enemy, who must be crushed between us. I also sent 
orders to General Kearney to push forward at one o'clock that night cautiously 
from Centreville along the Warrenton turnpike; to drive in the pickets of the 
enemy, and to keep closely in contact with him during the night; to rest his 
left on the Warrenton turnpike, and throw his right well to the north, if possi- 
ble, across Little River turnpike; at daylight in the morning to assault vigorously 
with his right advanced, and that Hooker and Reno would be up Avith him very 
shortly after daylight. I sent orders to General Porter, whom I supposed to be 
at Manassas Junction, where he should have been in compliance with my orders 
of the day previous, to move upon Centreville at the earliest dawn, and stated 
to him the position of the forces, and that a severe battle would undoubtedly be 
fought during the morning of the 29th. The only apprehension I had at that 
time was that Jackson might attempt to retreat to the north, in the direction of 
Leesburg, and, for the purpose of preventing this, I directed Kearney to keep 



20 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

closely in contact with liim during tlie whole of the night of the 28th. My 
forces yvcK so disposed that McDowell, Sigel, and Iveynolds, whose joint forces 
amoianted to aboixt twenty-five thousand men, were immediately west of Jack- 
son, and between him and Thoroughfare Gap, whilst Kearney, Hooker, Reno, 
and Porter, about twenty-live thousand strong, were to fall on him from the east 
at daylight in the morning, or very shortly after. With this disposition of troops, 
we were so far in advance of Longstreet that, by using our whole force vigorously, 
we should be able to crush Jackson before Longstreet could, by any possibility, 
reach the scene of action. To my great disappointment, however, I learned, 
toAvards daylight on the morning of the 29th, that King's division had fallen 
back in the direction of Manassas Junction, thus leaving open the road to 
Thoroughfare Gaj) and making new movements and dispositions of troops imme- 
diately necessary. 

I submit herewith the reports of Generals King, Gibbon, and Doubleday, of the 
action of the evening of the 28th, as also a detailed report of General McDowell. 

The orders directing all these movements are also appended, and they bring 
the operations of the army up to the 29th of August. The losses in King's 
division in the action of the evening of the 2Sth Avere principally in Gibbon's 

brigade of that division, and numbered . Gibbon's brigade consisted of 

some of the best troops in the service, and the conduct of both men and officers 
was gallant and distinguished. The report of General King, herewith appended, 
exhibits his high opinion of the conduct of this brigade, and of the officers who 
distinguished themselves in that action. 

The disposition of troops on the west of Jackson having failed through Rick- 
etts's movement towards Thoroughfare Gap, and the consequent withdrawal of 
King, an immediate change in the disposition and proposed movements of the 
troops for the succeeding day became necessary, and about daylight on the 
morning of the 29th, shortly after I received information of the withdrawal of 
King's division, 1 sent oi'ders to General Sigel, who was in the neighborhood of 
Groveton, supported by Reynolds's division, to attack the enemy vigorously as 
soon as it Avas light enough to see, and bring him to a stand, if it were possible 
to do so. I instructed General Heintzelman to push forward from Centreville 
towards Gainesville at the earliest dawn, with the divisions of Hooker and 
Kearney, and directed General Reno to follow closely in his rear; to use all 
speed, and as soon as he came up Avitli the enemy to establish communication 
with Sigel, and attack with the utmost promptness and vigor. I also sent orders 
to Major General Fitz John Porter, at Manassas Junction, to move forAvard with 
the utmost rapidity Avith his oAvn corps and King's division of McDoAvell's corps, 
which Avas supposed to be at that point, upon Gainesville, Ijy the direct road from 
Manassas Junction to that place. I lu-ged him to make all speed, that he might 
come up Avitli the enemy and be able to turn his flank near Avhere the Warrenton 
turnpike is intersected by the road from Manassas Junction to Gainesville. 
Shortly after sending this order I receiA^ed a note from General McDoAvell, AA^hom 
I had not been able to iind during the night of the 28th, dated at Manassas 
Junction, requesting that King's division might not be taken from his command. 
I immediately sent a joint order to Generals McDowell and Porter, directing 
them, Avith their two corps, to march Avith all speed toAvards Gainesville, on the 
direct road from Manassas Junction. This order, Avhich is appended, set forth 
in detail the moA'ements they Avere directed to make. 

Sigel attacked the enemy aboiit daylight on the morning of the 29th, a mile 
or two east of Groveton, Avherc he Avas soon joined by the divisions of Hooker and 
Kearney. Jackson fell back several miles, but was so closely pressed by these 
forces that he was compelled to make a stand and to make the best defence pos- 
sible. He accordingly took up a position Avith his left in the neighborhood of 
Sudley Springs, his right a little to the south of Warrentoii turnpike, and his 
line covered by an old railroad grade Avhich leads from GainesA'ille in the direc- 



REPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 21 

tion of Leesburg. His batteriei^, which were numerous, and some of them of 
heavy calibre, were posted behind the ridges, in the open ground on both sides 
of Warrenton turnpike, whilst the mass of his troops was sheltered in dense 
woods behind the railroad embankment. 

I arrived on the field from Centreville about noon and found the two armies 
confronting each other, both considerably cut up by the sharp action in which 
they had been engaged since daylight in the morning. Heiutzelraau's corps oc- 
cupied the right of our line, in front or west of the Sudley Springs road. General 
Sigel was on his left, Avith his line extended a sliort distance south of the War- 
renton turnpike, the division of General Schenck occupying the high groiind to 
the left of that road. The extreme left was occupied by the division of General 
Reynolds. General Reno's corps had reached the field, and the most of it bad 
been pushed forward into action, leaving four regiments in reserve and in rear of 
the centre of our line. Immediately after I reached the ground. General Sigel 
reported to me that his line was weak ; that the divisions of Schurz and Stein- 
wehr Avere much cut up, and ought to be drawn back from the front. I informed 
General Sigel that this was utterly impossible, as there were no troops to replace 
them, and that he must hold his ground; that I would not again pixsh his troops 
into action, as the corps of Porter and McDowell Avcre moving forward from 
Manassas Junction on the road to Gainesville, and must very soon be in position 
to fall upon the enemy's right flank and probably upon his rear. I rode to the 
front of our line and inspected it from right to left, giving the same information 
to Generals Heintzelmau and Reno. The troops were accordingly suffered to 
rest in their positions and to resupply themselves with ammunition. From twelve 
o'clock until four A^ery seA'cre skirmishes occun-ed constantly at A'arious points on 
our line, and Avere brought on at cA-ery indication that the enemy made of a dis- 
position to retreat. About tAvo o'clock in the afternoon several pieces of artillery 
were discharged on the extreme right of the enemy's line, and I fully believed 
that Generals Porter and McDoAvell had reached their positions, and had become 
engaged Avith the enemy. I did not hear more than three shots fired, and Avas 
at a loss to knoAv AA'hat had become of these tAvo corps, or what Avas delaying 
them ; but I receiA'ed information shortly afterAvards that General McDowell was 
advancing to join the main body by the Sudley Springs road, and Avould prob- 
ably be up Avith us in two hours. At half-past four o'clock I sent a peremptory 
order to General Porter to push forAvard at once into action on the enemy's right, 
and, if possible, to turn his rear, stating to him generally the condition of things 
on the field in front of me. About half-past five o'clock, when General Porter 
should have been coming into action in compliance A\'ith this order, I directed 
Generals Heintzelmau and Reno to assault the left of the enemy. The attack 
Avas made Avith great gallantry, and the Avhole of the left of the enemy was 
doubled back toAvards his centre, and our forces, after a sharp conflict of an 
hour and a half, occupied the field of battle, Avith the dead and wounded of the 
enemy in our hands. In this attack Grover's brigade of Plooker's division Avas 
particularly distinguished by a determined bayonet charge, breaking tAvo of the 
enemy's lines and penetrating to the third before it could be checked. By this 
time General McDowell had arrived on the field, and I pushed his corps imme- 
diately to the front along the Warrenton turnpike with orders to fjxll upon the 
enemy, Avho Avas retreating toAvards the pike from the direction of Sudley Springs. 

The attack along the turnpike Avas made by King's division at about sunset 
in the evening, but by that time the advance of the main body of the enemy, 
ixnder Longstreet, liad begun to reach the field, and King's division encountered 
a stubl)orn and determined resistance at a point about three fourths of a mile in 
front of our line of battle. 

Whilst this attack Avas going on, the forces under Heintzelmau and Reno con- 
tinued to push back the left of the enemy in the direction of the Warrenton turn- 
pike, so that about eight o'clock in the evening, the greater portion of the field 



22 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

of battle was occupied by our army. Notliing was heard of General Porter up 
to tliat time, aud his forces took no part whatever in the action, but were suf- 
fered by him to lie idle on their arms, within sight and sound of the battle 
during the whole day. So far as I know, he made no effort whatever to com- 
ply with my orders nor to take any part in the action. I do not hesitate to 
say that if he had discharged his duty as became a soldier under the circum- 
stances, and had made a vigorous attack on the enemy, as he was expected and 
directed to do, at any time up to eight o'clock that night, we should have ut- 
terly crushed or captured the larger portion of Jackson's force before he could have 
been by any possibility sufficiently re-enforced to have made any effective resist- 
ance. I did not myself feel for a moment that it was necessary for me, having 
given General Porter an order to march towards the enemy in a particular direc- 
tion, to send him in addition specific orders to attack, it being his clear duty, and 
in accordance with every military precept, to have brought his forces into ac- 
tion wherever he encountered the enemy, when a furious battle with that enemy 
was raging during the whole day in his immediate presence. I believe — in fact, 
I am positive — that at five o'clock in the afternoon of the 29th, General 
Porter had in his front no considerable body of the enemy. I believed then, 
as I am very sure now, that it was easily practicable for him to have turned 
the right flank of Jackson, and to have ffilleu upon his rear ; that if he 
had done so, we should have gained a decisive victory over the army under 
Jackson before he could have been joined by any of the forces of Longs treet ; 
and that the army of General Lee would have been so crippled and checked by 
the destruction of this large force as to have been no longer in condition to 
prosecute further operations of an aggressive character. I speak thus freely of 
the strange failure of General Porter, not because I am more convinced of its 
unfortunate results now than I was at the time, but because a full investigation 
of the whole subject made by a court-martial has fully justified and confirmed 
that opinion. 

Our losses during the 29th were very heavy, but no separate returns of killed 
and wounded for that day have been made to me. I believed, from all 1 could 
learn from corps commanders, and so reported, that our loss during that day 
was not less than six or eight thoiisand killed and wounded, and I think this 
estimate will be confirmed by the general reports which cover the losses during 
the battles of the 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th August, and the 1st of September. 
My estimate of the loss of the enemy, reported to the department on the morning 
of the 30th, was based upon the statements made to me by Generals Hooker and 
Kearney, who had been over the whole field on the left. General Hooker esti- 
mated the loss of the enemy as at least two to one, and General Kearney as at 
least three to one of our own. 

Every indication duriug the night of the 29th, and up to ten o'clock on the 
morning of the 30th, pointed to the retreat of the enemy from our front. Pa- 
roled prisoners of our own, taken on the evening of the 29th, and who came into 
our lines on the morning of the 30th, reported the enemy retreating during the 
whole night in the direction of and along the Warrenton turnpike. Generals 
McDowell and Heintzelman, who reconnoitred the positions held by the enemy's 
left on the ev(!ning of the 29th, confirmed this statement. They reported to 
me that the positions occupied by the enemy's left had been evacuated, and 
that there Avas every indication that he was retreating in the direction of Gaines- 
ville. 

On the morning of the 30th, as may be supposed, our troops, who had been 
so continually marching and fighting for so many days, were in a state of great 
exhaustion. They had had little to eat for two days previous, and the artillery 
and cavalry horses had been in harness and saddled continually for ten days, 
and had had no forage for two days previous. It may easily be imagined how 
jittle these troops, after such severe labor, and after undei'going such hardship 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 23 

and privation, were in condition for active and efficient service. I had tele- 
graphed to the general-in-chief on the 28th our condition, and had begged 
of him to have rations and forage sent forward to us from Alexandria with all 
despatch. I also called his attention to the imminent need of cavalry horses to 
enable the cavalry belonging to the army to perform any service whatever. 

About daylight of the 30th I received a note from General Franklin, here- 
with appended, written by direction of General McClellan and dated at eight 
o'clock the evening before, informing me that rations and forage would be loaded 
into the available wagons and cars at Alexandria as soon as I would send back 
a cavalry escort to bring out the trains. Such a letter, when we were fighting 
the enemy, and Alexandria was swarming with troops, needs no comment. Bad 
as was the condition of our cavalry, I was in no situation to spare troops from the 
front, nor could they have gone to Alexandria and returned within the time by 
which we must have had provisions or have fallen back in the direction of Wash- 
ington ; nor do I yet see what service cavalry could have rendered in guarding 
railroad trains. 

It was not until I received this letter that I began to feel discouraged and 
nearly hopeless of any successful issue to the operations with which I was 
charged ; but I felt it to be my duty, notwithstanding the desperate condition of 
my command, from great fatigue, from want of provisions and forage, and from 
the small hope that I had of any effective assistance from Alexandria, to hold 
my position at all hazards and under all privations, unless overwhelmed by the 
superior forces of the enemy. I had received no sort of information of any 
troops coming forward to my assistance since the 24th, and did not expect, on 
the morning of the 30th, that any assistance would reach me from the direction 
of Washington ; but I determined again to give battle to the enemy on the 30th, 
and at least to lay on such blows as would cripple him as much as possible, and 
delay as long as practicable any further advance towards the capital. T ac- 
cordingly prepared to renew the engagement. At that time my effective 
forces — greatly reduced by losses in killed, wounded, missing, and broken-down 
men during the severe operations of two or three days and nights previous ; 
the sharp actions of Hooker, King, and llicketts on the 27th and 28th, and the 
furious battle on the 29th — were estimated by me and others, as follows : 

McDowell's corps, including Reynolds's division, twelve thousand men ; Sigel's 
corps, seven thousand men ; Reno's corps, seven thousand ; Heintzelman's 
corps, seven thousand men ; Porter's corps, which had been in no engagement, 
and was, or ought to have been, perfectly fresh, I estimated at about twelve 
thousand men, including the brigade of Piatt, which formed a part of Sturgis's 
division, and the only portion that ever joined me. But of this force the brigades 
of Piatt and of Griffin, numbering, as 1 understood, about five thousand men, had 
been suffered to march oft' at daylight on the 30th to Oentreville, and were not 
available for operations on that day. 

This reduced Porter's effective force on the field to about seven thousand 
men, which gave me a total force of forty thousand men. Banks's corps, about 
five thousand strong, was at Bristow Station, in charge of the railroad trains and 
of a portion of the wagon trains of the army still at that place. Between twelve and 
two o'clock in the day 1 advanced the corps of Porter, supported by King's divi- 
sion of McDowell's corps, to attack the en(>,my along the Warrenton turnpike. 
At the same time 1 directed Heintzelman and Reno, on our right, to push for- 
ward to the left and front towards Warrenton turnpike, and attack the enemy's 
left in flank, if possible. For a short time Ricketts's division of McDowell's 
corps was placed in support of this movement on our right. 

It was necessary for me to act thus promptly and make an attack, as I had 
not the time, for want of provisions and forage, to await an attack from the enemy; 
nor did I think it good policy to do so under the circumstances. During the 
whole night of the 29th and the morning of the 30th, the advance of the main 



24 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

body under Lee wac; arriving on tlie field to rc-enforce Jackson, so that by twelve 
or one o'clock in the day we were confronted by forces greatly superior to our 
own, and these forces were being every moment largely increased by fresh arrivals 
of the enemy from the direction of Thoroughfare Gap. Every moment of delay 
increased the odds against us, and I therefore advanced to the attack as rapidly 
as I was able to brmg my forces into action. Shortly after General Porter 
moved forward to the attack along the Warrenton turnpike, and the assault on 
the enemy was made by Heintzelman and Reno on the right, it became apparent 
that the enemy was massing his troops, as fast as they arrived on the field, on 
his right, and was moving forward from that direction to turn our left, at which 
point it was plain he intended to make his main attack. I accordingly directed 
General McDowell to recall Ricketts's division immediately from our right, and 
post it on the left of our line with its left refused. The attack of Porter was 
neither vigorous nor persistent, and his troops soon retired in considerable con- 
fusion. As soon as they commcuiced to fall back, the enemy advanced to the 
assault, and our whole line, fi-om right to left, was soon furiously engaged. The 
main attack of the enemy was made upon our left, but was met with stubborn 
resistance by the divisions of General Schenck, General Milroy, and General 
Reynolds, who, shortly after the action began, were re-enforced on their left and 
rear by the division of Ricketts. The action raged furiously for several hours, 
the enemy bringing up his heavy reserves, and pouring mask after mass of his 
troops upon our left. So greatly superior in number were his forces that, whilst 
overpowering us on our left, he was able to assault us also with very superior 
forces on our right. Porter's forces were rallied and brought to a halt as they 
were retiring to the rear. As soon as they could be used, I pushed them for- 
ward to support our left, and they there rendered most distinguished service, 
especially the brigade of regulars under Colonel Buchanan. 

Tower's brigade of Ricketts's division was pushed forward into action in 
support of Reynolds's division, and was led forward in person by General 
Tower with conspicuous skill and gallantry. The conduct of that brigade, in 
plain view of all the forces on our left, was especially distinguished, and drew 
forth hearty and enthusiastic cheers. 

The example of this brigade was of great service, and infused new spirit into 
all the troops who witnessed their intrepid conduct. Reno's corps was also 
withdrawn from its position on our right centre late in the afternoon, and thrown 
into tlie action on our left, where it behaved with conspicuous gallantry. Not- 
withstanding these great disadvantages, our troops held their ground with the 
utmost firmness and obstinacy, and the losses on both sides were very heavy. 
By dark our left had been forced back about a half or three-quarters of a mile; 
but still remained firm and unbrokcm, and still covered the turnpike in our rear. 

About six o'clock in the afternoon 1 heard, accidentally, that Franklin's corps 
had arrived at a point about four miles east of (Jeutreville, and twelve miles in 
our rear, and that it was only about eight thousand strong. The result of the 
battle of the oOth, the very heavy losses we had suffered, and the complete 
prostration of our troops from hunger and fatigue, made it plain to me that we 
Averc no longer able, in the face of such overwhelming odds, to maintain our 
position so far to the front ; nor would we have been able to do so under any 
circumstances, suffering as were the men and horses from fatigue and hunger, 
and weakened by the heavy losses incident to the unconnuou hardships which 
they had suffered. 

About eight o'clock at night, therefore, I sent written instructions to the com- 
manders of corps to withdraw leisurely towards Centreville, and stated to them 
what route each should jmrsue, and where they should take post. General 
Reno was instructed with his whole corps to cover the movements of the army 
towards Centreville. The withdrawal was made slowly, quietly, and in good 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 25 

order, no pursuit whatever Laving been attempted by tlie enemy. A division of 
infantry with its batteries was posted to cover the crossing of Cub Run. 

The exact losses in this battle I am unable to give, as the reports received 
from the corps commanders only exhibit the aggregate losses during the whole 
of the operations from the 22d of August to the 2d of September. Before 
leaving the field that night, 1 sent orders to General Banks, at Bristow Station, 
to destroy the railroad trains and such of the stores in them as he was unable 
to carry off, and rejoin me at Centreville. I had previously sent him orders to 
throw into each wagon of the army trains as much as possible of the stores 
from the railroad cars, and to be sure and bring off with him from Warrenton 
Junction and Bristow all the ammunition and all the sick and wounded that 
could be transported, and for this purpose, if it were necessary, to throw out the 
personal baggage, tents, &c., from the regimental trains. These several orders 
are appended. At no time during the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st of August 
was the road between Bristow Station and Centreville interrupted by the enemy. 
The whole of the trains of the army were on that road in charge of General 
Banks, and covered and protected by his whole corps. If any of these wagons 
Avere lost, as I believe none were, it was wholly without necessity. I enter thus 
specifically into this matter, and submit the orders sent to General Banks and 
his subsequent report to me, because no part of the misrepresentation of this 
campaign has been grosser than the statement of our heavy loss of wagons and 
>upplies. ^'he orders submitted will show conclusively that every arrangement 
was made, in the utmost detail, for the security of our trains and supplies, and 
I am quite convinced that General Banks is not the man to neglect the duty 
with which he was charged. 

I arrived at Centreville between 9 and 10 o'clock on the night of the 30th. 
The same night I sent orders to the corps commanders to report to me in person 
as early after daylight as possible on the morning of the 31st, and on that 
morning the troops were directed to be posted as follows : Porter to occupy the 
intrenchments on the north or right of Centreville ; Franklin on his left, in the 
intrenchments. In rear of Centreville, between Franklin and Porter as a sup- 
port, was posted the corps of Heintzelman. Sigel occupied the intrenchments 
on the left and south side of the town, with Reno on his left and rear. Bank,s 
was ordered to take post, as soon as he arrived, on the north side of Bull Run, 
and to cover the bridge on the road from Centreville to Manassas Junction. 
Sumner, as soon as he arrived, was ordered to take post between Centreville 
and Chantilly, and to occupy Chantilly in force. McDowell was posted about 
two miles in the rear of Centreville on the road to Fairfax Court-House. Am- 
munition trains and some provisions were gotten up on the 31st, and all corps 
commanders were notified, by special order to each, that the ammunition trains 
were parked immediately in rear of Centreville, and were directed to send offi- 
cers to procixre such ammunition as was needed in their respective corps. I 
directed the whole of the trains of the ai-my to be unloaded at Centre\"ille and 
sent to Fairfax Station to bring up forage and rations. 

We remained during the whole day of the 31st resting the men, getting up 
supplies of provisions, and resupplying the command with ammunition. 

The enemy's cavalry appeared in force in front of our advance at Cub Run, 
during the morning of the 31st, but made no attempt to cross and no attack 
upon our troops posted there. A few pieces of artillery were fired, but with no 
result on either side. The whole force that I had at Centreville, as reported to 
me by the corps commanders on the morning of the 1st of September, after re- 
ceiving the corps of Sumner and Franklin, was as follows : McDowell's corps, 
ten thousand men ; Sigel's corps, about seven thousand men ; Heintzelman's 
corps, about six thousand; Reno's, six thousand; Banks's, five thousand; Por- 
ter's, about nine thousand ; Franklin's, eight thousand; Sumner's, eleven thou- 
sand — in all, sixty-two thousand men. From these forces two brigades, as I 



26 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

before stated, bad been seut to Fairfax Station to guard tbe trains and tbe depot 
at tbat place, Avbieb makes it necessary to deduct four tbousand men. It is 
proper for me to state bere, and I do it witli regret and reluctance, tbat at least 
one-balf of tliis great diminution of our forces Avas occasioned by skulking and 
straggling from tbe army. Tbe troops wbicb were brougbt into action fougbt 
witb all gallantry and determination, but tbousands of men straggled away from 
tbeir commands and Avere not in any action. I bad posted several regiments in 
rear of tbe field of battle on the 29tb of August, and altbougb many tbousand 
stragglers and skulkers were arrested by tbem, many otliers passed around 
tbrougb tbe woods, and did not rejoin tbeir commands during tbe remainder of 
tbe campaign. I bad telcgrapbed to tbe general-in-cbief, from Rappabannock 
Station, on tbe 22d, tbat tbis practice of straggling was very common, and was 
reducing our force considerably, even at tbat time. I also sent orders, on tbe 
same day, to General Sturgis to arrest all stragglers arriving at Alexandria, to 
confine tbem in military yn-isons, and to bring tbem to speedy trial. Tbe active 
and incessant movements of tbe army prevented me, during tbe wbole of this 
campaign, from giving tbat attention to the subject wbicb ought to be and must 
be given to it, to preserve efficiency and discipline among any troops. Our cav- 
alry at Centreville was completely bi'oken down, no horses whatever having 
reached us to remount it. Generals Buford and Bayard, commanding tbe whole 
of the cavalry force of the army, reported to me tbat there were not five horses 
to the company tbat could be forced into a trot. It was impossible, therefore, 
to cover oitr front with cavalry or to make cavalry reconnoissances, as is usual 
and necessary in front of an army. I directed General Sumner, on the morning 
of the 1st of September, to push forward a reconnoissance of two brigades towards 
the Little River turnpike, to ascertain if tbe enemy were making any movements 
in tbe direction of Germantown or Fairfax Court-llouse. Tbe enemy was found 
moving again slowly towards our right, heavy columns of his force being in 
march towards Fairfax, along Little Iliver turnpike. 

Tbe main body of our forces was so much broken doAvn and so completely 
exhausted tbat they were in no condition, even on tbe 1st of September, for any 
active operations against the enemy, but I determined to attack at daylight on 
the 2d of September, in front of Cbantilly. Tbe movement of the enemy had 
become so developed by the afternoon of tbe 1st, and was so evidently directed 
to Fairfiix Oourt-House, with a view of turning my right, that I made tbe neces- 
sary disposition of my troops to fight a battle between the Little Iliver pike and 
tbe road from Centreville to Fairfax Court-House. I sent General Hooker early 
in the afternoon to Fairfax Court-Iiouse, and directed him to assemble all the 
troops tbat were in tbe vicinity, and to push forward to Germantown with bis 
advance. 

I directed ]\IcDowell to move back along the road to Fairfax Ooiut-House as 
far as Difficult creek, and to connect, by his right, Avith Plooker. Reno was to 
push forAvard to tbe north of tbe road from Centreville to Fairfax, in tbe direc- 
tion of C)bantilly. Heintzelman's corps Avas directed to take post on tbe road 
between Centreville and Fairfax, immediately in tbe rear of Reno. Franklin 
took post on McDoAvell's left and rear. Sumner Avas posted on the left of 
Heintzelman, Avbilst tbe corps of Sigel and Porter were directed to unite. Avitb 
'* the right of Sumner. Banks AA^as instructed, Avith tbe Avagon trains of tbe army, 
to pursue the old Braddock road and come into the Alexandria turnpike in rear 
of Fairfax Court-House. Just before sunset on the 1st, tbe enemy attacked us 
on our right, but was met by Hooker, McDowell, Reno, and Kearney's division 
of Heintzelman's corps. A A'ery scA^ei'e action occurred in tbe midst of a terrific 
thunder-storm, and Avas terminated shortly after dark. Tbe enemy was driven 
back entirely from our front, but during that engagement Ave lost two of tbe best 
and one of the; most distinguished of our general officers — Major (General Kear- 
ney and Brigadier General Stevens — Avho were both killed Avbile gallantly 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 27 

leading their commands and in front of tlieir line of battle. It is unnecessary 
for me to say one word of commendation of two officers who were so well and 
widely known to the country. Words cannot express my sense of the zeal, the 
gallantry, and the sympathy of that most earnest and accomplished soldier, 
Major General Kearney. In him the country has suffered a loss which it will 
he difficixlt, if not impossible, to repair. He died as he would wish to die, and as 
became his heroic character. 

On the morning of the 2d of September, the enemy still continuing his move- 
ment towards our right, my whole force was posted behind Difficult creek, from 
Flint Hill to the Alexandria turnpike. Although we were quite able to main- 
tain our position at that place until the stragglers could be collected and the 
army, after its labors and perils, put into condition for effective service, I con- 
sidered it advisable, for reasons which developed themselves at Centreville, and 
which I explained to the geueral-in-chief and set forth herewith in the appen- 
dix, that the troops should be drawn back to the intrenchments in front of 
Washington, and that some reorganization should he made of them, in order 
that earlier eifective service should be secured than Avas possible in tlunr condi- 
tion at that time. I received orders about twelve o'clock on the 2d of September, 
to draw back the forces within the intrenchments, which was done in good order 
and without any interruption by the enemy. The reasons which induced me, 
before I took the field in Virginia, to express to the government my desin; to be 
relieved from the command of the army of Virginia and to return to the west, 
existed in equal, if not greater, force at this time than when I first stated them. 
[ accordingly renewed iirgently my application to be relieved. The government 
assented to it with some reluctance, and I Avas transferred to the command of 
the department of the northwest, lor Avhich department I left Washington on 
the 7th of September. 

It seems proper for me, since so much misrepresentation has been put into 
circulation as to the support 1 received from the army of the I'otomac, to state 
here precisely what forces of that army came under my command and were at 
any time engaged in the active operations of the campaign. Reynolds's division 
of Pennsylvania reserves, about two thousand five hundred strong, joined me 
on the 23d of August, at Ra])pahannock Station. The corps of Heintzclman 
and Port(!r, about eighteen thousand strong, joined me on the 26th and 27th of 
August, at Warrenton Junction. 

The Pennsylvania resei'ves, under Reynolds, and Heintzelman's corps, con- 
sisting of the divisions of Hooker and Kearney, rendered most gallant and 
efficient service; in all the operations which occun-ed after they had reported to 
me. Porter's corps, from unnecessary and unusual delays and frequent and 
flagrant disregard of my orders, took no part whatever except in the action of 
the 30th of August. This small fraction of twenty thousand five hundred 
men was all of the ninety-one thousand veteran troops from Harrison's Land- 
ing which ever drew trigger under my command, or in any way took part in 
that campaign. By the time that the corps of Franklin and Sumner, nineteen 
thousand strong, joined me at Centreville, the original army of Virginia, as 
well as the corps of Hehitzelman and the division of Reynolds, had been so 
'imch cut up in the severe actions in which they had been engaged, and Avere 
so much broken down and diminished in numbers by the constant and excessive 
duties they had performed, that they were in little condition for any effective 
service whatever, and required and should have had some days of rest to put 
them in anything like condition to perform their duties in the field. 

Such is the history of a campaign substantiated by documents Avritteu during 
the operations and herewith appended, which has been misunderstood to an ex- 
tent perhaps unparalleled in the history of Avarfare. I submit it here to the 
public judgment, Avith all confidence that it Avill be fairly and deliberately con- 
sidered and a just A'erdic^ pronoiniced upon it and u.pon the army engaged in it. 



28 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Upon such iinbiased judgment I am very willing, setting aside any previous 
record I have made during this war, to rest my reputation as a soldier. I shall 
submit cheerfully to the verdict of ray countrymen, but I desire that that ver- 
dict shall be rendered upon a full knowledge of the facts. 

I well understood, as does every military man, how difficult and how thank- 
less was the duty devolved upon me, and I am not ashamed to say that I would 
gladly have avoided it, if I could have done so consistently with my sense of 
duty to the government. To confront with a small army vastly superior forces, 
to fight battles without hope of victory, but only to gain time and to embar- 
rass and delay the forivard movements of the enemy, is, of all duties, the most 
hazardous and the most difficult which can be imposed upon any general or any 
army. While such operations require the highest courage and endiu-ance on 
the part of tlie troops, they are perhaps unlikely to be understood or appreciated, 
and the results, however successful, have little in them to attract popular 
attention and applause. 

At no time could I have hoped to tight a successful battle witli the immensely 
superior force of the enemy Avhich confronted me, and which was able at any 
time to outflank me and bear my small army to the dust. It was only by con- 
stant movement, by incessant Avatchfulness, and by hazardous skirmishes and 
battles that the forces under my command were not overwhelmed, whilst at the 
same time the enemy was embarrassed and delayed in his advance upon Wash- 
ington, until the forces from the Peninsula were at length assembled for the de- 
fence of that city. I did hope that in the course of these operations the enemy 
might commit some imprudence or leave some opening of Avhich I could take 
such advantage as to gain at least a partial victory over his forces. This op- 
portunity was presented by the advance of Jackson upon Manassas Junction ; 
but, although the best dispositions possible under the circumstances were or- 
dered, the object was frustrated in a manner and by causes* which are now well 
understood. I am gi-atified to know that the conduct of that campaign, every 
detail of which was communicated day by day to the general-in-chief, was fully 
approved by him and by the government, and I now gladly submit the subject 
to the judgment of the country. 

General Banks rendered most efficient and faithful servjce throughoiit the 
campaign, and his conduct at the battle of Cedar Mountain and during the op- 
erations on the Upper Rappahannock, was marked by great coolness, intrepidity, 
and zeal, (leueral McDowell led his corps during the whole of the campaign 
with eminent ability and vigor, and I am greatly indebted to him for zealous 
and distinguished service both in the battles of the 29th and 30th of August, 
and in the operations which preceded and succeeded those battles. General 
Sigel rendered useful service in reorganizing and putting in condition the first 
army corps of the army of Virginia, and made many valuable and highly im- 
portant reconnoissanccs during the operations of the campaign. I cannot ex- 
press myself too highly of the zealous, gallant, and cheerful manner in which 
General Reno deported himself from the beginning to the end of the operations. 
Ever prompt, earnest, and soldierly, he Avas the model of an accomplished soldier 
and a gallant gentleman, and his loss has been a heavy blow to the army and 
to the country. General Heintzelman performed his duty faithfully and hon- 
estly, whilst the commanders of the divisions of his corps (Generals Kearney 
and Hooker) have that place in the public estimation which they have earned 
by many gallant and heroic actions, and which renders it unnecessary for me to 
do aught except pay this tribute to the memory of one and to the rising fame 
of the other. Generals Williams, Auger, Crawford, Green, Geary, Carroll, and 
Prince, of Banks's corps, have been already noticed for their gallant and dis- 
tinguished conduct at Cedar Mountain. Generals King and Ricketts, of 
McDowell's corps, led their divisions throughout the operations with skill and 
efficiency, and General King, before he marched from Fredericksburg, rendered 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 29 

important service in organizing and de.spatclaing the expeditious, wliicli, on sev- 
eral occasions, broke up the line of the Virginia Central railroad. Generals 
Patrick, Donbleday, Gibbon, Ilartsuft", Duryea, and Tower commanded their 
brigades in the various operations of this campaign with ability and zeal ; the 
latter named officer, especially, was particularly distinguished by the long- 
marches which he made, by his incessant activity, and by the distinguished gal- 
lantry he displayed in the action of the 30th of August, in which action he was 
severely Avounded at the head of his brigade. General Hatch, after being re- 
lieved from the command of the cavalry of Banks's corps, was assigned to the 
command of one infantry brigade in King's division of McDowell's corps, and 
during part of the operations was in command of that division and rendered 
good service. Generals Schenck and Milroy, of Sigel's corps, exhibited great 
gallantry and zeal throughout the operations. They were engaged actively in 
the battles of the 29th and 30th of August, and their commands were amoug- 
the last to leave the field of battle on the night of the 30th, General Schenck 
being severely wounded on that day. I must also mention in high terms the 
conduct of Generals Schurz, Stahel, and Steinwehr during the actions of the 
29th and 30th. Generals Birney, Robinson, and Grover, of Heintzelman's 
corps, commanded their brigades during the action of the 29th and 30th, and 
Birney during the action of the 1st September, with zeal and gallantry ; and 
General Stevens, of Reno's corps, was zealous and active throughout the opera- 
tions, and distinguished himself in the most auspicious manner during the battles 
of the 29th and 30lh of August. He was killed at the head of his command, 
in the battle near Cihantilly, on the 1st of September, and his death will be 
deeply felt by the army and the country. Lieutenant Colonel R. C. Buchanan, 
commanding a brigade of regulars of Porter's corps, was noticeable for distin- 
guished serATice on the afternoon of the 30th of August. Of the conduct of the 
officers commanding divisions and brigades of Porter's corps 1 know nothing, 
having received no report from that officer of the operations of his corps. 
Brigadier General John F. Reynolds, commanding the Pennsylvania reserves, 
merits the highest commendation at my hands. Prompt, active, and energetic, 
he commanded his division with distinguished ability throughout the operations, 
and performed his duties in all situations witli zeal and fidelity. Generals Sey- 
mour and Meade, of that division, in like manner, perfonned their duties with 
ability and gallantry and in all fidelity to the government and to the army. 

General Sturgis arrived at Warrenton Junction on the 26th of August with 
Piatt's brigade of his division, the only portion of that division which joined him. 
This brigade was temporarily attached to the army corps of Fitz John Porter, and 
although misled in conseqiience of orders to follow Griffin's brigade of Porter's 
corps, which, for some unexplained reason, strayed from its corps to Centreville 
on the 30th of August, was led forward from that place by Generals Sturgis and 
Piatt as soon as it was discovered that Griffin did not intend to go forward to 
llie field of battle, and reported to me late in the afternoon -of that day. Shortly 
■ ifterwards the brigade was thrown forward into action on our left, where they 
acquitted themselves with great courage. Brigadier General Sturgis, as well as 
< ieneral Piatt, deserve especial mention for the soldierly feeling which induced 
tlu'.m, after being thus misled and with the bad example of Griffin before their 
eyes, to push forward with such zeal and alacrity to the field of battle, and for the 
\aluable service which they rendered in the action of the 30th of August. 
( renerals Bayard and Buford commanded the cavalry belonging to the army of 
Virginia. Their duties were peculiarly arduous and hazardous, and it is not 
too much to say that, throughout the operations from the first to the last day of 
tlie campaign, scarcely a day passed that these officers did not render service 
which entitles them to the gratitude of the government. The detachments of 
the signal corps with the various army corps rendered most important service, 
and I cannot speak too highly of the value of that corps and of the important 



30 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

information which, from time to time, they communicated to me. They were 
many times in positions of extreme peril, but were always prompt and ready to 
encoimtcr any danger in the discharge of their duties. 

Brigadier General Julius White, with one brigade, was, in the beginning of the 
campaign, placed in command at Winchester. He Avas selected for that position 
because I felt entire confidence in his coiu-agc and ability, and during the whole 
of his service there he performed his duty with the utmost efiiciency, and re- 
lieved me entn-ely from any apprehension concerning that region of country. 
He was withdrawn from his position by orders direct from Washington, and 
passed from under my command. 

I transmit herewith reports of corps, division, and brigade commanders, which 
Avill be found to embrace all the details of their resj)ective operations, and which 
do justice to the ofiicers and soldiers luider their command. 

To my personal staff I owe much gratitude and many thanks. Their duties 
were particularly arduous, and at times led them into the midst of the various 
actions in which we were engaged. It is saying little when I state that they 
were zealous, untiring, and efficient throughout the campaign. To Brigadier 
General Roberts, in particular, I am indebted for services marked throughout by 
skill, courage, and unerring judgment, and worthy of the solid reputation as a 
soldier he has acquired by many years of previous faithful and distinguished 
military service I desire, also, specially to mention Brigadier General Elliott, 
Surgeon McFarlin, Colonel BeckAvith, Lieutenant Colonel T. C. H. Smith, Cap- 
tain Piper, chief of artillery. Captain Merrill, of the engineers, and Lieutenant 
Skeuck, chief of ordnance. I must also honorably mention the following mem- 
bers of my staff, the conduct of all of whom met my hearty approval and merits 
high commendation: Colonels Macomb, Clary, Marshal, Butler, Morgan, and 
Welch, Majors Selfridge and Meline, Captains Asch, Douglas, Pope, Haight, 
Atcheson, l)e Kay, Piatt, Paine, and Strother. Mr. McCain, confidential tele- 
graph operator at m}^ headquarters, accompanied me throughout the campaign, 
and was at all times eminently useful and efficient. My personal escort, con- 
sisting of two small companies of the first Ohio cavalry, numbering about one 
hundred men, performed the most arduous service, probably, of any troops in 
the campaign. As orderlies, messengers, and guards, they passed many sleep- 
less nights and weary days. Their conduct in all the operations, as in every 
battle, was marked by uncommon activity and gallantry. 

The reports of corps, division, and brigade commanders, herewith submitted, 
exhibit the loss in killed, wounded, and missing in their respective commands. 
No report of any description has been received from the army corps of Banks 
and Eeno. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General United States Volunteers . 

Brigadier General G. W. Cullum, 

Chief of Staff and of Engineers, Headquarters of the Army, 

Washington, D. C. 



No. 2. 
REPOIIT OF MAJOR GENERAL I. McDOVVELL. 

Washlngton, D. C, November 6, 1862. 
Generai, : The rapid succession of events, forced marches, separation 
from books and papers, and other circumstances attending the late cam- 
paign of the army of Virginia, were such as made it impracticable for 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 31 

me to make, from time to time, detailed reports of the part taken in it by the 
third army corps ; and as, immediately after the end of the campaign, the corps 
was sent under another commander on active service into Maryland, and several 
of the officers commanding divisions and brigades became disabled there, I am 
still withont many of the principal reports and returns which are necessary to 
make my report as full as it should be. It may, therefore, be found incomplete 
in some parts, and to comprise much which should have been made the subject 
of separate reports. 

In the movements of the army of A^irginia, made, 1 presume, for the purpose 
of drawing on it the enemy's army from Richmond, and then of holding that 
army in check till a junction could be effected by our forces with the troops from 
the Peninsula, the third army corps consisted, in the first place, of King's 
and Ricketts's divisions and Bayard's cavalry brigade. 

On the 7th of August, when we first felt the advance of the enemy. King's 
division was on the north bank of the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg. 
Ricketts's division, with the headquarters of the corps, was between the Rap- 
pahannock and the Rapidan, about three miles east of the little town of Cul- 
peper Court-House. 

Bayard's cavalry brigade was well to the front, in the forks of the Rapidan 
and its principal northern tributary, (Robertson's river,) with his outposts thrown 
forward, Avatching the enemy's line, (which was on the south or right bank of 
the Rapidan,) from a point some three miles to the east of the crossing of the 
Orange and Alexandria railroad, to the left of Buford's cavalry, which watched 
the front from the Rapidan to the Blue Ridge. 

The Rapidan, from the left of Bayard's line to the Rappahannock and thence 
to Fredericksburg, was watched by the 1st Rhode Island, 1st Maine, 5th 
Nev/ York, and Harris's Light Cavalry, making a line of cavalry posts from 
the Blue Ridge to the Potomac. 

The distance between King's division, at Fredericksburg, and Ricketts's, at 
Culpeper, was too great for either to join the other in case of its being attacked 
and so far apart as to leave a wide opening for the enemy to get between 
them by moving down the Rapidan and crossing near its confluence with the 
Rappahannock. 

The weakness of this disposition of the corps early engaged your attention, 
as it had my own ; and you would have remedied it in the beginning by bring- 
ing away King's division, but that to do this before the arrival of troops from 
the Peninsula would cause us to abandon Fredericksburg, and the line from that 
place to Acquia, which, at the cost of months of labor, had been placed in condi- 
tion for service, and heavily supplied with railroad rolling stock and other 
materials for large operations that it was thought might soon have to be under- 
taken from that point. 

General King was, however, held in readiness to leave at the shortest notice, 
and our cavalry was kept far to the front, so as to give timely warning of the 
movements of the enemy. 

It was at midnight of the 7th of August that the line was broken by the 
enemy's crossing the Rapidan above the mouth of Robertson's river, driving in 
Bayard's outposts, and following them, early on the morning of the 8th, on the 
road leading across Robertson's river, and thence along the nortliAvest base of 
Cedar Run (or Slaughter's) mountain, towards Culpeper. 

Early on the morning of the 8 th General Bayard sent Lieutenant Colonel 
Karge, with a battalion of the 1st New Jersey, to get around the enemy's left 
flank, whilst the general himself held them in check in front with part of the 
1st Pennsylvania, under its colonel, Owen Jones, and part of the 1st New York 
imder Major Beaumont. Slowly falling back towards Robertson's river, he was 
rejoined by Lieutenant Colonel Karge, (who had been successful in his flank 
movement — capturing one captain, one lieutenant, and twenty-four privates,) 



32 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

and, after passing liis command over the river under a fire of the enemy's ar- 
tillery, the general destroyed the bridge ; thns delaying the enemy's advance, 
and gaining time to call in all his pickets, and give the notice needed to concen- 
trate the army on the point threatened by the enemy. 

This was on the day of your arrival at Cnlpeper. 

The order given by you to King, as soon as news of the eiiemy's advance became 
known, found him just returned with a large part of his division (including all 
of his cavalry) from a demonstration, made in compliance Avith your orders, 
on the line of the enemy's railroad communications between Richmond and Gor- 
donsville; and though his men were weary, and woidd have much liked rest 
befoi-e beginning this march, they set forth at once, and made a forced march of 
forty miles in thirty-six hours, during oppressively hot weather. 

The 1st and 2d corps were between the Blue Ridge and Cnlpeper, upon 
which they Avere directed by your orders. 

Crawford's brigade, of Banks's corps, had been occupying the town of Cul- 
pepper, and being nearest the enemy Avas sent by you on the 8th to support 
Bayard, and joined him that evening at Cedar Run, a small stream running past 
the eastern base of Cedar Run (or iSlaughter's) mountain. 

Colonel Dutlie's 1st Rhode Island cavalry, and Colonel Allen's 1st Maine 
cavalry, Avhich had been guarding the fords on the Rajiidan below Bayard, also 
joinfid him, to aid in holding the enemy in check till the army should be suffi- 
ciently massed to oft'er battle. Thus far this had been done, by Bayard's 
brigade; and now the duty devolved on Crawford. Avho joined with him infantry 
and artillery. 

Ceneral Banks arriving at Cnlpeper in the evening of the 8th, with the re- 
mainder of his corps, was sent by you on the 9th to join his advanced brigade, 
then operating Avith the cavalry of my corps holding the enemy in check. 

The orders Avere that General Higel's corps (the first) should folloAv and sup- 
port General Banks ; Ricketts's division, of my corps, which had l>een moved to 
the soutliAvest of the town, to be in reserve. King's division being more than two 
days' march distant. 

The cannonading of the 8th had been resumed on the 9th, and Avas kept up 
more or less throughout the day. The reports from the front sent in to me, and 
from General Banks to your headquarters, (Avliere, by your direction, I had been 
throughout the day,) were to the effect that the enemy did not yet seem to be • 
in great force, showing his cavalry somewhat " ostentatiously," and using his 
artillery only; and these reports continued to be of this character throughovit 
the day, and gave the assurance the enemy Avould not be able to bring up his 
main force till our army should liaA'e been sufficiently concentrated and got in 
good condition for battle. 

General Sigel's corps having arrived at Cnlpeper after a forced march, much 
of it during the night previous, and being reported Avithout provisions and not 
in a condition to immediately follow General Banks, by your order I directed 
subsistence to be given General Sigel's men from my supply train, and instantly 
took Ricketts's division, accompanied by you, to the front to join General Banks 
without Avaiting to folloAv General iSigel, as had been before ordered. 

When the order was given me to take Ricketts's division to the front it was 
not knoAvn General Banks had attacked the enemy, or that he purposed doing 
so, or that the enemy Avas in sufficient force to attack him ; but the cannonading 
having become more continuous, I Avas sent forward as a precautionary measure, 
and to alhjAv General Sigel's men some rest. When betAveen two and three 
miles from Cedar mountain, Ave began to meet the evidences of the battle Avhich 
General Banks had fought at its base — stragglers, singly and in groups, and soon 
companies, battalions, and batteries, moving to the rear. Geneivd Banks had 
left the position Avhere he had draAvu up his troops, and moved them forward to 
attack the enemy, not believing him to be in any great force, and found him 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 33 

stronger than he had supposed, outnumbering greatly his own corps, and had 
been driven back after a gallant, severe, and bloody contest. 

It was now dark, and under the assurance of General Banks that the remain- 
der of his corps were in the front of a narrow strip of woods which extended 
across the road, that a brigade was still on a hill to the right of this wood, and that 
this brigade and the right of his line, Avhich was 'said to be intact, would be drawn 
towards and strengthen the centre, which had suftered most, I was ordered to 
place llicketts's division to the right and front; this Avas done by posting Tower's 
brigade, with two batteries, Shippen's and Thompson's, on the knoll to the 
right of the wood, Carroll's brigade connecting the left of Tower's line with 
the woods. Hartsuff's and Druyca's brigades in second line, with Hall's and 
Thompson's batteries in reserve. But while making these dispositions and 
moving forward in column to do so, the enemy, following up the retreat of Gene- 
eral Banks, established a battery beyond the woods before mentioned and opened 
on the head of my column, and soon after coming through the woods with in- 
fantry, cavalry, and artillery, established another battery on the knoll where 
you had just before made your headquarters, after your conference with General 
Banks and others. This battery iired on the second line of Ricketts's division, 
and until the battalions in mass were placed under the shelter of the rolling 
ground took eftect on HartsufPs brigade. Quickly the batteries in reserve, un- 
der the direction of that most valuable officer Major Tellson, chief of artillery, 
Hall's 1st Maine and Thompson's 2d Maryland opened on the enemy. It was 
dark, and only by the' flash of the enemy's pieces could they see where to di- 
rect their aim, but soon, by a rapid and well-directed fire, they silenced the ene- 
my's batteries and forced them to withdraw, leaving some of their officers and 
most of their horses dead on the ground. The fire of the enemy's infantry from 
the woods was mostly at Carroll's brigade, which suffered from it before his men 
could be got into position in the front line. 

The hot reception given the enemy by Ricketts's division caused the enemy 
to fall back during the night to their former position on and near Cedar Run 
mountain, some three miles. 

Finding Rickett's division too fiir to the front and right it was drawn over 
during the night, by your direction, to the right of the position you had directed 
General Sigel to occupy. 

On the morning of the 10th (Sunday) nothing was done by either army beyond 
a few dropping shots, and we remained in position, under arms, awaiting a re- 
newal of the attack, which was not made, there being only one false alarm of a 
movement on our right flank. 

The 1st Pennsylvania cavalry, under Colonel Owen Jones ; the 1st New 
Jersey cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel Karge, (Colonel Wyndham being a 
prisoner of war on parole ;) the 1st Rhode Island cavalry, under Colonel Duffie, 
and the 1st Maine, under Colonel Allen, all under Brigadier General Bayard, 
had been engaged in the battle before we came up, and I am assured by your 
chief of cavalry. Brigadier General Roberts, who was present, they performed 
good service, not only before, but during the action. General Bayard, who had 
himself rendered most valuable service, speaks warmly of a charge made about 
5 o'clock p. m. by that gallant old soldier Major Falls, 1st Pennsylvania cavalry, 
who led his battalion against the enemy's lines and charged completely through 
them. 

All the regiments above named, and especially the Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey, had severe duty to perform in holding the enemy in check. 

There are tAvo officers of my staffi— aides-de-camp — who are deserving of 
especial mention in connexion, Captain Leslie and Captain Howard Stockton. 
Having had no officers of topographical engineers, they were placed on this 
duty, and were constantly in front exerting themselves with a zeal and intelli- 
gence that accomplished much for the army, and especially for the advance. 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 3 



34 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

On the 11th nothing in the way of hostilities occurred between the two armies. 
The burial of the dead and care of the Avounded were effected under an informal 
flag of truce. 

On the 12thKing'.s division joined from Fredericksburg, and on the same day 
the enemy retired from our front across Robertson's river, going, according to 
the reports of our scouts and the lookouts, from the mountains back to Gordons- 
ville, or, at all events, his main body disappearing from tlie banks of the Rapidan. 

As it was not intended we should go beyond the Rapidan, but to continue to 
threaten its passage, the strongest defensible position north of that river and east 
6)f its northern tributary, Robertson's river, was occupied by the army; Major 
General Sigel's corps on the right, his right touching Robertson's river; the 3d 
corps in the centre ; IMajor General Reno, who, at the head of the reinforcements 
coming up the Potomac to Acquia creek, had followed King's division from 
Fredericksburg, on the left, his left near the Rapidan ; and General Banks in 
reserve at the little town of Culpeper Court-House. The Orange and Alexan- 
dria railroad, which had been repaired, going through the centre of the position 
The army was in the forks of the Rappahannock and its tributary, the Rapidan. 
These two streams rise in the Blue Ridge and run through the Bull Run or Pied- 
mont Ridge. Beyond the Rapidan and close to the river the Piedmont Ridge, 
which disappears at Warrenton, begins again neai-ly opposite the left of our 
line, held by Reno, and stretches off to the southwest to Lynchburg. 

On the morning of the 18th one of our spies, who had been with the enemy's 
army, came and reported to you that the enemy had accumulated all his forces, 
including several divisions just up from Richmond, behind the ridge immediately 
beyond the river and opposite our extreme left ; his artillery horses were all 
harnessed, and they were expecting orders to march every moment down the 
river, to cross at Raccoon Ford to get in our rear. This movement, which had 
been completely hidden from our sight by the ridge, and even from that of our 
lookouts on the top of Thoroughfare mountain, was one made in the direction 
which had been expected from the first, and had for its object the interposing 
of the whole of the enemy's forces between our army and its re-enforcements 
then coming up from Acquia creek and Fredericksburg, and from Alexandria 
by way of Manassas Junction. 

The information wns important, and received in time, provided the enemy 
gave us that day and night the start. 

Your ordei's for the army to retire fortliwith behind the Rappahannock re- 
quired that the reserve corps (Banks's) should immediately send its b.'!ggage to 
the rear, by way of Brandy Station, to the Orange and Alexandria railroad 
crossing of the Rappahannock ; that the trains of the third army corps should 
follow those of Banks ; that those of Sigel should follow the third corps to Cul- 
peper, and then go by the Warrenton road to the Sulphur Springs crossing of 
the Rajjpahannock, some six miles above the railroad crossing; that Reno should 
take the i-oad by which he came, and which led him back to Kelly's Ford, some 
six miles below the railroad crossing. The movement of the trains — unfortu- 
nately very large — was followed by the march of the troops in the same order, 
the troops commencing to move after night, so as to allow the trains to get some 
distance ahead, if possible. The size of the trains, the night march, the corps 
having, for a large part of the way, to use the same road, made a retreat a very 
tedious and Avearisome one to the troops, although it was entirely successful, 
and effected without loss or accident, but the troops did not reach the Rappa- 
hannock until the evening of the 19th. 

Bayard's cavalry, being charged with ♦covering the rear of the column, got no 
further than Culpeper that night. The next morning, the 20th, agreeably to 
the instructions given him, he took post at Brandy Station, half way between 
Culpeper Court-House and the Rappahannock, and sent out strong parties in 
all the roads coming from the enemy's position. The party sent out on the 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 35 

Raccoon Ford road soon came upon the head of the enemy's column, which had 
made the expected movement, but too late to intercept us. The enemy fol- 
lowed up the cavalry to Brandy Station, and thence to the Rappahannock, 
some skirmishing taking place on the way, and the cavalry retiring across the 
river. 

The entire corps, with the exception of a small party thrown in advance at 
the head of the bridge, now occupied the left or north bank of the Rappahan- 
nock, with General Sigel's corps on the right, General Banks's corps partly in 
reserve and partly on the left, and Reno's corps below us, at Kelly's Ford, and 
Reynolds's division, forrherly under my command, and which it was soon to re- 
join, coming up the river from Fredericksburg. 

I understood it was desired the line of the Rappahannock should be held as 
long as possible, to "gain time for the troops coming up the Potomac to join, and 
particularly those coming by way of Acquia and Fredericksburg, who would be 
liable to be cut off if we should give up the river before they arrived. 

The Rappahannock, above the mouth of the Rapidan, is an inconsiderable 
stream, and fordable, at most seasons, every few miles. The third corps was 
posted at and above the railroad bridge, which had been so arranged as to serve 
for artillery and cavalry. 

The advance, a regiment of Hartsuff's brigade, was posted on two small hills 
on the southern side of the river. The first one was about one hundred and 
fifty yards from the road and as many from the river ; the second some four 
hundred yards from the road and six hundred from the river. On the first was 
a small entrenchment thrown up by the enemy at the time of their retreat from 
Manassas, last spiang. 

That evening a battery of artillery and a regiment of infantry from Banks's 
corps, I think, were sent by you to guard a ford to the right of my line. 

Early on the morning of the 21st the enemy attempted the ford held by the 
battery and regiment on my right, and drove them away, dispersing the regi- 
ment and disabling the battery. King's division was immediately sent up to 
retake the position, which it soon did, driving the enemy back with loss, and 
taking some of the cavalry prisoners. The rifle batteries of both divisions now 
lined the river bank in siich position as commanded the opposite shore, and gave 
shelter to our troops. The enemy's fire disabled three guns in Naylor's batteiy, 
but they themselves were equally damaged, in return, by the accurate fire of 
Hall's battery, whicli finally compelled them to retire. 

On the 22d, fearing the enemy might gain possession of the most advanced 
hill, near the bridge, which it was desirable to hold, in the night a trestle-bridge 
was built by the engineer corps, under Major Huston, of the engineers, about 
eight hundred yards above the railroad bridge, in a bend of the river, which 
swept near the further hill, the banks here being covered with woods. This 
gave us another, and a shorter and hidden, line of communication, and enabled 
Hartsuff"'s whole brigade, and Thompson's and Matthews's batteries, to be 
thrown over to occupy these heights. The firing to-day was very animated 
between the enemy's battei-ies and our own. 

Since the morning of the 21st the enemy's heavy columns of infantry, artil- 
lery, and trains could sometimes be plainly seen passing up to our right, and 
their course, when behind the woods, was indicated by the lines of dust ascend- 
ing above the trees. The attack on my front had been followed up by similar 
ones on the positions held by the other corps above and below me. All the 
movements of the enemy gave assurances he was moving to turn our right, 
having failed on the front and left. This was confiiined by the intelligence 
that he had crossed at Sulphur Springs and was moving on Warrentou. 

On the night of the 22d, just as I received your orders for the third corps to 
cross at the bridge, and, in connexion with the commands of Reno and Reynolds 
below me, to fall on the rear of that long column which had been passing before 



36 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

ns for two days up the soutli side of the river, an officer came to report to me, 
in your presence, that the rain which had been falling during the night had so 
swollen the river that the trestle-bridge had been swept away, and had lodged 
against the railroad bridge, the centre of which was yielding to the pressure of 
the flood, and was in imminent danger of being carried off. The river had risen 
some six feet and all the fords were gone. 

Fearing for the safety of Hartsuff's brigade, who were on the opposite 
bank, I ordered them to be withdrawn. It was now impracticable to cross the 
river and make the attack you had jjlanned. Your orders then were to move 
the army against the enemy, who had crossed at Sulphur Springs and gone to 
Warrenton, whence he had made the attack with his cavalry at Catlett's, and 
who, it was thought, would be unable, on account of the state of the river, either 
to recross or be reinforced. 

The withdrawal of Hartsuff's brigade from the south side encouraged the 
enemy to move forward to seize the hills he had abandoned before we could 
complete the entire destruction of the railroad bridge, which we did not wish to 
leave for the enemy to repair and use to annoy us on our march to Warrenton. 
They opened a furious fire upon us, and, moving their infantry down in masses, 
rushed upon the hill Hartsuff had just left. Matthews's, Thompson's, and 
Leppier's batteries, and our sharpshooters, returned their fire so vigorously that 
they were soon driven off. Leppier's especially did them much damage. 
Further to the right Hall's battery engaged two of the enemy's batteries and 
drove both of them off, and dispersed a regiment of infantry. The firing of this 
excellent battery was, as usual, rapid and accurate. Further up the river the 
batteries of Reynolds and Naylor Av^ere also successfully^ engaged. In the 
meantime the corps, agreeably to your orders, was on the march to Warrenton, 
to be on the right of General Sigel, who Avas to attack the enemy, and who was 
to have Generals Reno and Banks on his left and rear, Genei'al Reno having 
moved up the river for this purpose. Reynolds's division, following him, re- 
joined the third corps, and marched after the division of Generals King and Ricketts 
to Warrenton. The rear guard of the corps was commanded by Brigadier Gen- 
eral Tower, Avho had Ins brigade and the batteries of artillery holding the river 
at the bridge, which he was directed to see destroyed before leaving. 

In the afternoon, under cover of a thunder storm, which for a Avhile hid all 
objects at a little distance from view, the enemy again occupied the hill from 
which they had been driven in the morning, but kept out of sight till after the 
bridge had been destroyed and the rear guard had taken up its line of march, 
when, just as the batteries were limbering up to leave, they commenced a rapid 
fire upon the retiring column. That night the advance of the first division of 
the coY]m entered Warrenton, the other divisions being on the road leading 
there — but from three to five miles from it. The enemy had retreated in the 
afternoon tOAvard the river. General Sigel, who had been on the right when 
Ave were on the riA'er, facing the south, Avas now, by our change of front, in 
advance. He AA'as to haA'e intercepted the enemy, but, for some reason, Avas not 
able to come up Avith them before they crossed the river at Sulphur Springs, on 
a bridge they had built at that place. General Sigel folloAved up the north 
bank of the river to Waterloo bridge, on the crossing of Luray turnpike. 

On the 24th the whole corps Avas at Wai-renton, and oh the road thence to 
Sidphur Springs. 

On the 25th I received your order of that date — 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 37 



. " GENERAL ORDER NO. — . 

"Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

" Warrcnton, August 25, 1862. 

" I. The corps of Major General McDowell, to wliicli the division of Brigadier 
General Reynolds is attached, will occupy Warreuton, with an advance of at 
least a brigade thrown out toward Waterloo and Sulphur Springs. The cavalry 
of the corps will be kept along tlie line of the river. 

'• II. I'he first army corps, under Major General Sigel, Avill occupy Fayette- 
ville, and will there be joined by Brigadier General Cox, whose advance v/ill 
occupy a strong position in the vicinity of Fayotteville, throwing out an advance 
of at least a brigade towards the fords in front of the position, and keeping his 
cavalry along the line of the river. 

" III. The corps of Major General Banks, to which will be added ten tlfbusand 
men under Brigadier General Sturgis, will take post with its right resting on 
Bealton Station, and its left extended along the north side of Marsh creek. From 
this corps at least one division will be pushed forward as near as practicable to 
the railroad crossing of the Rappahannock. If there be any difficulty about 
water for this corps, wells will be dug immediately. 

" IV. The detachment of the ninth army corps, under Major General Reno, 
will resume its station at Kelly's Ford, putting itself in communication imme- 
diately with the forces below it on the river. 

" V. The troops of Heintzelman's corps Avill take post Avith the centre at 
Germantown and extended along the Licking river. 

"VI. Brigadier General Cox, with the troops imder his command, will move 
forward as soon as possible to Fayette ville and report to Major General Sigel. 
Those under Brigadier General Sturgis will report to Major General Banks at 
Bealton Station. 

" VII. The headquarters of the army of Virginia will be estal^lished at a 
point near Warrenton Junction, to be hereafter designated. 

"Bv command of Major General Pope. 

" Per C. SELFRIDGE, 

" Assistant Adjutant General^ 

directing the 3d corps to occupy Warrenton, &c. This same general order re- 
quired ^lajor General Sigel's corps to occupy Fayetteville to the left of the 3d 
corps, General Banks to occupy Bealton's Station to the left of General Sigel, 
and General Reno to return to Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock. 

The line thus intended to be established would touch the river only on the 
extreme left at Kelly's Ford, the centre and right being thrown back or refused, 
and the right held by the 3d corps, resting on the extremity of the Bull Run 
or Piedmont Ridge at Warrenton. 

This order, so far as concerned the 3d corps, was immediately carried out by 
placing Reno's division on the road to Sulphur Springs, with Meade's brigade 
thrown forward to within four miles of the springs, which are at the river. 
Ricketts on the AVaterloo road, with Tower's brigade in advance within four 
miles of thebrido:e, and King's division near the town, in the forks of the roads 
abovementioned, which issue from Warrenton at nearly right angles to eacli 
other, and are good broad turnpikes ; the Waterloo road leading nearly west 
through the Blue Ridge to Luray, and the Sulphur Springs road nearly south 
west towards Culpeper. 

Buford's cavalry brigade was posted between Tower's advanced brigade and 
Waterloo bridge, (over the Rapjiahannock,) and Bayard's brigade was to take 
post on the Sulphur Springs road between Meade's brigade and the river. 

On the night of the 25th I received from you, by telegraph from your head- 



38 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

quarters near Warrenton Junction, an order that, leaving Reynolds in reserve, I 
should make a recoinioissancc with my corps across the river at Sulphur Springs, 
and sending me an open order for General Sigel, which I was to read and send 
to him, directing him to force the passage of the river at Waterloo. This order 
was immediately forwarded to General Sigel by the hands of one of my aides- 
de-camp, Captain F. Haven, and was received at 2 o'clock a. m., whilst the 
General was on the retreat in the night from Waterloo to Wai-renton, through 
which his troops were moving all night long. 

., " Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

"August 25, 1862— 9.30 j9. 7n. 
"Major General McDowell : I believe that the whole force of the enemy 
have marched for the Shenandoah valley by the way of Front Royal and Luray, 
The column which has marched to-day to Gaines's Crossroads has turned north, 
and whm last seen was passing under the east base of Buck mountain towards 
Salem and Rectorstown. I desire you as early as possible in the morning, 
holding Reynolds in the reserve at Warrenton or vicinity, to make a recennois- 
sance with your whole corps and ascertain what is beyond the river at Culpeper 
Sulphur Springs. There is no force of the enemy between this or Culpeper or 
at Culpeper. 

" I send you a despatch for General Sigel, which please read and send to him 
immediately. 

"Communicate with me fully by telegraph from Warrenton. 

"JOHN POPE, 
" Major General Conunanding. 
"Received 12 m. August 25, 18G2." 

Early the next morning, (the 26th,) Ricketts's division, which was on the 
Waterloo road, was moved across to the Sulphur Springs road to make the attack 
you had ordered. 

In the course of the morning I received your telegram of 5 o'clock a. m.,* 
and as I was on my way to Sulphur Springs to direct the attack, your telegram 
of 8.10 o'clock a. ra.t These informed me of your order to Reno to make the 

[Extract.] 

* Warrenton Jdnction, 5 a. m. August 26, 1862. 
General JIcDowklIj: Please ascertain, in some way. whether the enemy be lealjj' in force 
at Waterloo bridge. Sigel insists that he is, while Banks, who was there late yesterday 
afternoon, asserts positively that there was no enemy duiing the day there. You will 
easily see how important it is for us to know positively what has become of the enemy's 
force, which was in front, and where the column has gone which took yesterday the road 
towards Salem. Please use every means pos.-^ible to ascertain this at once. Ileno will cross 
at Rappahannock Station, and push furwar i a reconnoissance to Culpeper. I wish you 
would send me a regiment of cavalry. 1 have not a mounted man here. Send me one of 
Buford's or Bayard's. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major Geiural Commanding. 

[Extract.] 

t Warrenton Junction, 8.10 a. m. August 26, 1862. 
Major Gb-neral McDowell: I sent instructions last night to make a strong reconnois- 
sance acros-; to Sulphur Sprir;gs, intending that Sigel should do the same thing at Waterloo 
bridge, and tieno at Rappahannock. Sigel repoits himself unable to do anything of the 
kind, until his men aie lested. I directed him to halt them stmiewhere near Warrenton, 
and put them in camp for a day. Reno, instead of going to Bealton and then to Kelly's 
Ford, has come to this place, and is now near here. You must therefore, under these cir- 
cumstances, exercise your discretion about the reconnoissance to Sulphur Springs; but it 
will certainly be well for you to ascertain what there is in the direction of Waterloo bridge, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 39 

reconnoissaiice across the river, below Rappalianncck Station to Culpeper, and 
of his faihire to do so ; and in view of the failure of General Sigel to force the 
passage of the river above at Waterloo, authorized me to use my discretion as 
to crossing at Sulphur Springs, and desired me to ascertain, if possible, if the 
enemy were really in force at Waterloo, and v.'hat had become of the head of 
his column, which yesterday was in front, and had taken the road towards 
Salem. General Sigel, you informed me, reported his men unable to do any- 
thing until they should have some rest. Generals Bayard and Buford reported 
to me that, owing to the hard, unremitting services performed, their cavalry 
was broken down — the former, that his would neither charge nor stand a charge; 
the latter, that his was at that time disorganized. 

As the falling back of General Sigel from Waterloo to Warrcnton, and the 

transfer of my troops from the Waterloo road to the Sulphur Springs road, had 

• left the right weakly guarded, and as it was around the right the enemy were 

then moving, I decided to replace my corps in the position it had occupied the 

day before. 

In order to comply with your wishes to ascertain the force of the enemy at 
Waterloo and further to the right, agreeably to your instructions of 8.10 a. m., 
I took conuaand of General Sigel's corps and everything in front, (a copy of 
my note to General Sigel is below, marked E.)* Brigadier General Buford, 
with the available cavalry at hand, and some artillery from General Sigel's 
corps, was sent to turn the head of the enemy's column, which Vt^as moving 
through Salem. This was reported to you and met your approval. 

I am obliged here to ask your attention to General Sigel's report, which has 
been made public. It will be noticed the general gives at some length his 
reasons for abandoning the position at Waterloo bridge, and fallhig back under 
cover of the 25th ; a movement with which he seems to wish it to appear I was 
in some way connected, if, indeed, I was not responsible. He says, first, he 
had been under my command since his arrival at Waterloo, had sent to me for 
instructions, &c. It will be seen from your telegram, my letter, and his own 
report, that he did not come under my orders until the 26th, after he had left 
his position and fallen behind my command at Warrenton. Second, he says I 
was to have relieved Milroy's brigade on the bridge. In that he mistakes the 
general order (which I have quoted) forming the line from Kelly's Ford on the 
left to Warrenton on the right. The river was to be held, except at Kelly's 
Ford, by cavalry only, and Buford's brigade was close behind Milroy for this 

and still further to your right. Send for Milroy; he is a courageous man. « « '- If 
you deem it necessary, assume command also of Sigel's corps. It is essential that we should 
watch the movements of the enemy towards our right in some manner. Out of Buford s, 
B.ivard's, and Sigel's cavalry enough can certainly be found to perforin this service. Troops 
are accumulating here, but not very fast. Take charge of the front, and use everybody 

YOU find there. „ 

^ JOHN POPE, 

Major General Commanding. 

p_ s.— 1 will push Reno to Fayetteville. It will be well to have the men cook three 
days' rations. Please notify Banks and Sigel. 

orE.l Heaequarters Thied Army Corps, 

Army of Virr/inia, Avgttd 26, 1862. 

General: I am instructed by Major Geut-ral Pope to take command of the troops on the 
right and front, for the purpose of strengthming some movements I am ordered to make. 
pfeust^ let me know the position 'and strength of your command, and especially ttie cavalry, 
Mv headciuarters are on the bill southwest of Warrenton or Sulphur Springs road. • 

" ^ ' JAMES Mcdowell, 

Major General Commanding. 
Stgel, Major General Commanding Divii^ion. 



40 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

purpose. Third, he says, when he fell back he had no support within eight or 
ten miles of him. It is eight miles, so called, from Waterloo bridge to War- 
renton. He had behind and to his right Buford's brigade ; behind Buford, 
Ricketts's division of four brigades and four batteries of artillery, all of which 
were between four and live miles of the bridge. Fourth, he says matters were 
confused at receiving a mutihited order or letter from General McDowell, part 
directed to him, informing him he would meet his bridge train at Fayetteville, 
and part addressed to General Banks. I did myself know Avhcre his bridge 
train was, and had no riglit to call on General Banks for any return, for he was 
my senior. The letter to him, I have been informed by that officer, was from 
your late chief of staff, and Avas, I suppose, sent to Warrentou by telegraph 
from your headquarters, and forwarded thence to its destination by the operator, 
by means of one of the cavalry of my corps. However this may be, I know 
nothing of it. 

The attack on the enemy beyond Sulphur Springs by my corps was not 
undertaken, for the reasons I have stated ; but before the countermand was 
given King's division became engaged with the enemy, mostly with artillery, 
and the firing was kept up during the day. The troops opposed to him, as we 
learned from a flag of truce sent by the enemy, was a division of Anderson's, 
formerly Huger's, and, as far as I know, the last of those of which we had any 
knowledge that had left Richmond. 1 inferred from this the enemy's rear 
rested then at Sulphur Springs. 

On the supposition the enemy might offer us battle at or near Warrentou, 
upon which he could now concentrate a large force, you informed me in your 
telegram of the 26th that the corps on my left and rear would all be pushed 
forward, so as to be within supporting distance of the 3d corps. The informa- 
tion, however, received in the evening and night from General Buford, from 
General Sigel's scouts, and from some negroes, was to the effect that the enemy's 
column, whose i-ear division we had been fighting at Sulphur Springs, was 
directed upon Thoroughfare Gap, through which his advance had passed, to 
attack our communications at Manassas. Copies of the telegrams to and from 
your headquarters, concerning the supposed designs of the enemy, are herewith 
marked.* 

You then decided to throAv the army back on*the forces of the enemy which 
had passed through the Piedmont ridge at Thoroughfare Gap, and agreeably 
to your order of 8.30 a. m. of the 27th, (and not as stated in General Sigel's 
proposal,) I gave the latter, Avho, as we were to march to the rear, was now in 
front, the following order: 

" Push, immediately, a strong advance along the turnpike from Warrentou to 
Gainesville, for the purpose of taking possession of Buckland Mills, on Broad 
liun, and get your corjts in hand as soon as possible, to follow the advance. No 
wagons, but for ammunition, will accompany your corps on this road. Your 
baggage trains Avill immediately proceed to Oatlett's. Detach three batttn-ies 
from your corps to report to 3Iajor General Kearney, commanding division, who 
will be moving by way of Greenwich to your support. Further instructions 
will be given as to the route by which the batteries are to join General Kear- 
ney, and until they do they will remain with you." 

I gave General Sigel the cavalry of my corps in place of his own, which had 
been detached by your order, and informed him that lleyuohls. King, and llick- 
etts's divisions would immediately follow him,t and that as soon as tliey closed 

* 8ee Appinidix 

• f Headquarters, Third Aemv Corps, 

Army of Virginia, Aug'is' 27, 18C2. 

General: I have jiist received your note of 12^ p. m, la defuiilt of your cavaJry, which is 
not yet returned, 1 send you this morning General Bayard, with three regiments ; when 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 41 

upon him, he should push his advance to Gainesville, the point where the 
Warrenton turnpike to Centreville and Alexandria was crossed by the road from 
Thoroughfare Gap to Manassas Junction. 

The divisions of Reynolds, King, and Ricketts, in the order named, followed 
as soon as they could be bronglit on. As there was but one road for all these 
troops to march over, stringent orders were given that all wagons not required 
for ammunition should be sent to the lower road, so as to leave this one as un- 
encumbered as possible for the passage of the troops. So far as the 3d corps 
was concerned, this order, with inconsiderable exceptions, mostly in Reynolds's 
division, was obeyed. 

General Sigel succeeded in reaching Buckland Mills in time to save the bridge 
which I had had made over Broad Run at that place, and had pushed on his 
advance to Gainesville, as ordered, and that night the three divisions of the 
corps closed up with him. 

iJuford, who had been indefatigable on this, as on every other occasion during 
the campaign, sent in word from our extreme left (our former right) that he had 
cut the enemy's column and forced Longstreet to deploy between Salem and 
White Plains. Dufifie's Rhode Tsland cavalry was sent up to watch the road 
between White Plains and Thoroughfare, to see that the enemy should not fall 
on the rear of our column unawares. 

The night of the 27th I saw General Sigel at Buckland Mills, and informed 
him that Longstreet Avould be coming through the Gap next morning, and that, 
as the head of his corps (Sigel's) was now on the road leading from the Gap to 
Manassas Junction, I would give him one of my divisions (a third of my force) 
and charge him with the duty of marching to Haymarket, watching the Gap and 
engaging the forces when they came through, whilst I would take the remain- 
der of my force and go against tbose who had already passed. I sent word to 
you of this, at Bristow. But whilst the preparations were being made to carry it 
out, I received your order, dated Bristow, August 27, 9 o'clock p.-m., as follows : 

"At daylight, to-morrow morning, march rapidly on Manassas Junction 
with your whole force, resting your right on the Manassas Gap railroad, throw- 
ing your left well to the east. Jackson, EavbII, and A. P. Hill are between 
Gainesville and Manassas Junction. We had a severe fight with them to-day, 
driving them back several miles, along the railroad. If you will march promptly 
and rapidly at the earliest dawn of day, upon Manassas Jimction, we shall bag 
the whole crowd. I have directed Reno to march from Gi'eenwich at the same 
time, upon Manassas Junction, and Kearney, who is in his rear, to march on 
Bristow, at daybreak. Be expeditious, and the day is our own." 

I showed this order to General Sigel and sent him a copy of my general order,* 

yours return, please seud him hack to oie. 1 will send word to Gatlnti's ahont your regi- 
mental piDvision wagoan. Brigadier General Reynolds's division is immediately hehicd 
yon. King and Rickttts follow. 

Very respectfully, your ohedient servant, 

JAMES McDowell, Major General. 
Sigel, Major General cuminanding l.V Corps. 

■■' He.^dquarters TuiED CoRPrf. Reynolds's Camp, 

Au<^usl 28, 18G2. 
General Order, No. 10.] 

1. Un'yn- General Sigel will iinniediately march vi'ith his whole corps on ManaH>as Junc- 
tion ; hi.s light resting on the .Manassas railroad. 

2. Brigadier Geneial Reynlds will march on the turnpike, immediately in the rear of 
General Sig-1, and form his division on the left of General Sigel, and march upon Manassas 
.Junction. 

3 Brigadier General King will f.llow immediately after General Reynolds and form his 
division on General Reynolds's left, and direct his march on Manas^as .Junction. 



42 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

the receipt of which he acknowledged at 2.J a. m. on the 28th. My order 
required all the forces to rriarch immediately. His advanced division was 
already at Gainesville, and he had to close his command upon it and march as 
ordered. I endeavored, by every exertion of mys(3lf and staff, to get the force 
forward as early as you had indicated; and, so ftir as the 3d corps was concerned, 
worn as the divisions were by the marching and countermarching of the day 
previous, up to a late hour in the night, which had prevented many of the 
regiments from obtaining their supplies, there was no difficulty. They were 
ready, and marched forward with alacrity, though many of the; regiments had 
barely finished the march of the day before. But General Sigel's rear division 
was so long getting out of its bivouac that Reynolds's division, after waiting 
some time, had to pass the larger part of it, and General Sigel's corps, instead 
of complying fully with my orders, at Warrcnton, that all wagons not carrying 
ammunition should go by the way of Oatlett's, had brought with them nearly 
two hundred, which encumbered tlie road and embarrassed our movements 
seriously ; and when all the divisions were closed up, instead of a rapid march, 
everything came to a stand. 

At 7^ o'clock I received a message from General Reynolds, who was at the 
head of the 3d corps, that General Sigel was halting on the road, at the junction 
of the railroad, (Gainesville,) and was making no preparations to advance or 
to organize, or form his line, and that his men had built fires to cook their 
breakfast, and had blocked up the road so that he could not get forward. I 
sent my assistant adjutant general to the head of the column to urge General 
Sigel to march immediately on Manassas Junction, as ordered, but it was too 
late in the forenoon before the head of the corps passed him. 

All the forces of the army were now, by your orders, converging on Manassas, 
and had been moving, till we crossed the railroad at Gainesville, in the angle 
comprised between the Orange and Alexandria railroad, and the Manassas 
railroad, which unite at Manassas Junction. 

The troops under my command, the first and third corps, were to cross the 
Manassas road at Gainesville, and move v/ith the right on that road, the left 
well to the east. 

General Sigle says, in his report, that he understood he was to have his 
right on the railroad leading from Warrenton Junction to Manassas Junction, 
the Orange and Alexandria railroad, some six miles to the south of us. He 
saw your order to move with his right on the Manassas railroad, and had my 
general order, in writing, to the same effect. When I arrived at Gainesville, I 
found he had moved to the right, or south side, instead of to the left, or north 
side, of the Manassas road. 

I varied from your orders to march with " my whole force" only so far as 
concerned Geseral Ricketts's division, and the cavalry of Buford and Bayard. 
Knowing that Longstreet would be coming through Thoroughfare, I sent, early 
in the morning. Colonel Wyndham's First New Jersey regiment of cavalry to 
the Gap, and sent up other cavalry as fast as I could get hold of it ; and on 
receiving word the enemy was coming through, I detached Ricketts's division 
to hold him in check. 

This departure from your ordi'rs, to move with " my whole force " on Man- 
assas, I felt called upon to make, to carry out the spirit of your plan of crushing 

4. Biisadier General Ricketts will follow Brigadier General King and march to Gaines- 
ville ; and if, on arriving there, no indication shall appear of the approach of the enemy 
from Thorou^hfire Gap, he will continue his march along the turnpike, form <m the left 
of General King, and ii,aich on Manassas Junction. He will be constantly on the lookout 
for an attack from the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, and in case one is threatened, he 
will form his division to the left and march to resist it. 

The headquarters of the corps will be at King's division. 

By command of ' Majoe Guineral McDOWELL. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 43 

the enemy at that place before his re-enforcements, of whose position I had 
just received positive intelligence, could join, as those re-enforcements, I thought, 
could be better held in check at the Gap than this side of it. 

As soon as the Warrenton road was free, Reynolds's division pushed forward 
across the railroad, and after a short march the head of his column found itself 
opposed by the enemy, with a battery of artillery posted on a hill. The attack, 
commenced by the enemy as soon as wc came in view, caused Reynolds to 
deploy his column ; to bring up his artillery, and sent out his skirmishers. 
After a short engagement the enemy retired, so that when our skirmishers 
occupied the hill he left; he was nowhere to be seen. Supposing, from the 
movements of this force, that it was some rear guard or cavalry party, with 
artillery, sent out to reconnoitre, the march of the division, after caring for the 
killed and wounded, was resumed, and it turned off to the south of the road to 
go to Manassas. General Sigcl's, getting so far to the south of Manassas rail- 
road, left so wide a distance between him and the leading division of the corps — 
Reynolds's — that King's division, which was to have gone to the left of Rey- 
nolds's, was now brought between it and General Sigel's corps, and the march 
on Manassas resumed. 

The country between the Warrenton turnpike and the Manassas railroad, on 
which we were now marching, was unknown to us. It was partly in fields, but 
mostly in woods, across and through which we were going in the general direc- 
tion ordered. It was now late in the afternoon, and I ascertained that the enemy 
were no longer at Manassas Junction; and soon after I received your despatch* 
of 1.20, from that place, which must have been delayed on the way — for after 
giving the necessary orders to carry out your instructions, but before the troops 
had received them, your second despatch, t from Manassas, was received, inform- 
ing me that the enemy were on the other side of Bull Run on the Orange and 
Alexandria railroad, as also near Centreville, and directing me to march with 
my command upon the latter place. King's division, which was nearest the 
Warrenton and Centreville turnpike, was ordered to march by that road, and 
Reynolds's division, which was near the Sudley Springs and Manassas road, 
was ordered to move by that road and thence by the Warrenton turnpike. Af- 
ter putting these divisions in motion and going with Reynolds's division to near 
Manassas, I proceeded to that place to confer personally Avith you. King's 
division moved along the Warrenton road and became engaged with the enemy, 
and at the same time Ricketts's, some six or eight miles further to the west, became 

'"■ Heabq^artees Army of Virginia, 
iManassaf: Junction. AugudlS, 18(;2, 1.20 p. m. 

Major General MoDowkll: I Bent you a despatch a few minutes ago directing you to 
move on Gum Spring to intercept Jacitson Since tlien I have received your note of this 
mornini^. I will, this evening, pu«h forward Reno to Gainesville, and follow with 
Heintzeiman, unless there is a large force of the enemy at Centreville, which I do not be- 
lieve. Ascertain, if you can, about this. I do not wish you to carry out the order to pro- 
ceed to Gum Spring if you consider it too hazardous, but I will support you in any way 
you suggest, by pushing foiw;:rd iVom Manassas Junction across the turnpike. Jackson 
has a large train, which should certainly be Cgiptured. Give me your views fully ; you 
know the country much better than I d'). Come no further in this direction with your 
command, but call back what has advanced thus far. 

JOHN POPE, Major General Commandwg. 

-j- Headquarters, Manassas Junction, August 28, 4.15 p. m. 

Major General McDowell: The enemy is reported in force on the other side of Bull Run 

on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, as also near Centreville. I have ordered Sigel to 

march on Centreville immediately, as also Kearney and Reno. I will advance Hooker as 

reserve. Please march immediately with your command upon Centreville from where you 

are. 

JOHN POPE, Major General Commanding. 



44 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

engaged with Longstreet's corps as it attempted the passage of the defile at 
Thoroughfare Gap. I have, as yet, received no reports from King's division, or 
from any of the brigade commanders. I cannot say, therefore, as to the engage- 
ment of Thursday, the 29th ; but from verbal reports, I understand it to have 
been mostly an affiiir of General Gibbon's brigade — one of the finest ia the 
army, and part of Doubleday's brigade, with some two brigades of the enemy, 
and that the trooj)s behaved most creditably. The loss in Gibbons's brigade 
was severe — in both men and oflicers. The gallant Colonel O'Connor, 2d 
Wisconsin, and Major May, 19th Indiana, killed; Colonel Cutler, 6th Wiscon- 
sin — one of the best ofiicers we have — badly wounded, and at the time reported 
dead; the gallant Colonel Robertson, 7i:h Wisconsin, Major Allen, 2d Wiscon- 
sin, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Hamilton, 7th Wisconsin, and Major Bells, 7th 
Wisconsin, wounded. 

General Kicketts engaged the enemy until dark, holding him in check and 
forcing him back; but finding him crossing at Hopewell Gap, above and on his 
right, and threatened with being turned on his left, he withdrew at nightfall to 
Gainesville; and here learning from Genej-al King that he intended to fall back 
to Manassas at one o'clock a. "m. from the Warrenton road. General Ricketts 
did the same by the way of Bristow, which gave him a long and fatiguing 
march. Finding on my arrival there that you had left Manassas, I turned to- 
wards Reynolds's division, but did not succeed in finding it — it being now dark — 
until daybreak next morning, on the hill by the Warrenton road, ne;ii- Groveton. 
It was here I learned of the movements of King's and Ricketts's divisions of 
the night before. 

Early in the morning of the 29th General Sigel, who had come up the night 
before from near Manassas, and who was on Reynolds's right, made demonstra- 
tions against the enemy, who seemed to be on the north of us. 1 directed Rey- 
nolds to support General Sigel on the left in the movements he might make, and 
then proceed to join General King's and Ricketts's divisions. 

At Manassas I found Major General Fitz John Porter's corps coming up, and 
soon after, in answer partly to a message of mine, I received your order* of the 
29th, from Centerville, addressed, jointly, to Genenil Porter and myself 

In compliance with it, King's and Ricketts's divisions were directed, as soon 
as they could be placed on the road from Manassas Junction to Gainesville, 
which runs nearly west, to follow in the rear and close to General Porter's corps. 

* HeADQUAETKKS AeMT of Vll'.GINIA, 

Centi'cvdk, Aiiqust 29, lS(i2. 

Generals McDowell and Pobter: You will please move forward with your joint com- 
mands towards Gainesville. I sent General Porter written orders to that effect an honr 
and a half ap;o H'-intzehnan, ,Sh;el, and Reno are now moving at VVarrt-nton turnpike,' 
and mnsl now be nut far fiom Gainesville. I desire that as soon as communication is es- 
tablishetl between this foice and your own, the whole command shall halt. It may be 
necessary to fail back behind Bnll Pain, at Centreville, to-night. I presume it \v\U be so 
on aciconnt of our supplies I have sent no orders of any description to Riclvetts, and none 
to interfere in any way with the movement of McDowell's troops, except what I sent by 
his aide-de-camp last, which were to hold isis position on tlie Warrenton 'pike until the 
troops from here should fall on the enemy's flank and rear. I do not even know Ricketts's 
position, and I have not been able to find out wh'-re General McDowell was until a late 
hour this morning. General McDowell will t il^e immediate steps to communicate with 
Gi neral Ricketts. and instruct him to rejoin the other divisions of his corps as soon as prac- 
ticable. If any considevalile advantage is to be gained by departing from this order, it will 
not he strictly carried out ; one thing must be lield in view, tliat the troops mtist occupy 
a position from which they can reach Bull Run by to night or l>y morning, 'the indica- 
tions are that the whole force of the enemy is moving in this direction, at a pace that 
will bring them here by to-morrow night or next day. My own headcpiarters will be, for 
the present, with Hcintzelman's corps, at this place. 

JOHN POPE, Miijoi- General Connnandmg. 



EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 45 

Both tliese divisions had been on foot night and day for several days past, had 
marched the most of the night before, and were separated from their baggage 
and subsistence. They moved forward, however, cheerfully. The column 
coming to a halt, I rode forward and found General Porter at tlie head of his 
corps, on a slight eminence ; in front was an open piece of ground, and beyond 
it the woods skirting the Warrenton road, down which, as we could see from the 
dust above the trees, the enemy was moving from Gainesville upon Groveton, 
where the battle was now going on. 

Just before reaching General Porter I received a note from General Buford, 
commanding cavalry brigade, who was on our then left and front, acquainting 
me with'tlie strength of the enemy, which he had seen as they passed through 
Gahiesville, then moving down the road. It consisted of seventeen regiments, 
one battery, and five hundred cavalry. As this was an inferior force to Gen- 
eral Porter's, I decided for him to throw himself at once on the enemy's flank, 
and as the head of my column was sure three miles back, near the Sudley 
Springs road, I would move it directly north on that road, upon the field, where 
the battle was then at its height. Under the authority they gave me I 
deviated from the letter of your instructions, for I thought in this way the 
forces could be soonest and best applied, and that by coming up on the left of the 
line, then actually engaged with the enemy, the best disposition would be effected, 
and the fixed point in your instructions, which was "that the troops should oc- 
cupy a position from which they could reach Bull Run that night, or the next 
morning," would be still fulfilled. 

Leaving General Porter, I returned to the head of my two divisions, and 
turned them immediately north, on the Sudley Springs road, to the battle-ground, 
and, after seeing most of them off, I rode forward to the head of King's division, 
now commanded by Brigadier General Hatch, General King, who had the mis- 
fortune to be struck down by a severe illness on the Rappahannock, but who 
had since tried to return to duty, beuig at last forced to relinquish the command. 
I found General Hatch absent. He had gone, as I was told, to see General 
Sigel. 

Gneral Reynolds reports tliat in the meantime, after I had left him in the morn- 
ing, he had, agreebly to my orders to support General Sigel in any movement 
the latter might make, formed his division on the left of General Schenk's, 
but the right of the enemy's position being discovered upon the heights above 
Groveton, on the right of the Warrenton turnpike, the division advanced in that 
direction. Cooper's battery, supported by Meade's brigade, coming gallantly 
into action on the same ridge on which the enemj's right was posted. By 
some movement in General Sigel's corps, Reynolds's right becoming unsupported, 
and the enemy's Avhole fire being concentrated upon it, he was obliged to fall 
back. 

Later in the day General Pope, arriving on the right of the line from Centre- 
ville, renewed the attack on the enemy, and drove him back some distance. 
General Reynolds was then directed to threaten the enemy's right and rear, 
which he proceeded to do, under a heavy fire of artillery from the ridge to the 
left of the pike. Generals Seymour and Jackson led their brigades in advance, 
but, notwithstanding all the steadiness and courage of the men, they were com- 
pelled, by the fire of the enemy's artillery and infantry on their front and left, 
to resume their former position. 

Immediately on my arrival with King's division, I directed it to move for- 
ward, and take place on the left of Reynolds, then still engaged on the left of 
Sigel's corps, and some of the brigades went forward to do so, Avhen I received 
your instructions to order the division over to the north of the turnpike, to sup- 
port the line held by Reno, which had been hotly engaged all day, and the di- 
vision was recalled, and brought back to the Sudley Springs road, for this 
purpose. 



46 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

One of the brigades — Patrick's — having received an order, as he informed 
rae, direct from your headquarters, to move across the field, became separated 
from the division, and, though he moved at the quickest pace, was not able to 
rejoin till late that evening. 

About the time the division arrived at the crossing of the Sudley Springs and 
Warrenton turnpike I received word from you that the enemy were falling back, 
and to send the division right up the turnpike after them. It was now near dusk, 
and though the men had been on foot since one o'clock in the morning-, they 
moved forward with the greatest enthusiasm. They Avere led gallantly up the 
road by Brigadier General Hatch, who, trusting to find the enemy in retreat, as 
he was told, and hoping to turn their retreat into a flight, took the men forward, 
his own and Doubleday's brigades, and Gcrrish's battery of howitzers, with 
Patrick's brigade in reserve, with an impetuosity akin to rashness. 

The attack was severe, both on the enemy and our men. 

About the same time an attack was made by Bayard's cavalry, on the left of 
Hatch, on the enemy south of the road, in which Seymour's squadron suffered 
severely. These were the finishing strokes of the day, which we could now 
safely claim as ours. 

The batteries of King's division, except Gerrish's, supported by Gibbon's 
brigade, had been sent to reinforce and relieve those on the ridge near Grove- 
ton. Ricketts's division, coming on in the rear of King's, was taken up the 
Sudley Springs road, north of the Warrenton pike, and lield as a reserve, for the 
time, in front. 

On the morning of Saturday, the 30th, Major General Fitz John Poi'ter's 
corps came on the ground, by the same road that had been taken by the divis- 
ions of King and Ricketts — the Sudley Springs road — and turned up the War- 
renton turnpike, following the course of King's division. 

The order you just gave was, that we should hold the centre and left, and 
mass our troops on the right to attack the enemy's left ; and as you ordered me 
to make this attack with the 3d corps, added to the corps of Porter and Heintzel- 
man, I asked to make a reconnoissance in person before sending the troops in, 
and requested General Hintzelman to accompany me. 

The Sudley Springs road is nearly north and south, and the Warrenton turn- 
pike is nearly east and west, crossing each other near where you established your 
headquarters. 

1 found the enemy had, the day before, occupied nearly the half of a circle, 
commencing at a point beyond Bull Run on the northeast angle made by those 
roads, and sweeping around irregularly through Sudley Springs to the west, and 
then south to a point in the southwest angle. Our line, opposing them, had on 
the right Hintzelman's corps ; in the centre, first, Reno's and then Sigel's corps, 
and on the left, King's division and Bayard's cavalry; Ricketts, in an interior 
position, in reserve. Porter's corps, which on the day before had been detached 
and been on the extreme left, hanging on the enemy's right and rear, was now 
on the left, up the Warrenton road. 

On going with General Heintzelman over the position held by his troops, we 
found all the points held by the enemy the day before, beyond Bull Run, aban- 
doned; and in going over to the Sudley Springs road and west of it, Ave saw no 
evidences of the enemy in force, some skirmishers and advanced posts or rear 
guards, as the case might be, being all that we found. 

On returning to headquarters and reporting these facts, wc found that word 
had been sent in from the front that the enemy Avas moving back on the road 
to Gaines's Mill ; similar word Avas given by General Patrick. On the suppo 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 47 

sition tliat the enemy was falling back, I received your orders* to take command 
of the corps above named and pursue the enemy; I accordingly gave orders 
that Ricketts's division should report to General Heintzelman, who was to have 
charge of the right of the advance, and was to move on the enemy by the road 
from Sudley Springs to Hay-market, a road running west nearly parallel with the 
Warrenton turnpike and the north side of it, and placed the other divisions, 
Reynolds's and King's, which were to the front, on the Warrenton turnpike 
and near General Porter's corps, under that general, to support him in his 
advance on that road; but just as theset orders were issued General Reynolds 
rode up to my headquarters and reported, of his own personal knowledge, that 
the enemy were not falling back ; on the contrary, that he was passing his 
troops to the south of Warrenton turnpike, and massing them behind the woods, 
to tiu-n our left and make an attack on the southwest angle of the two roads, 
and thence across the Sudley Springs road to the southeast angles. It may be 
well to state here, what, however, is well known to you, that the country around 
the field of battle is, much of it, thickly wooded, and that the march of large 
bodies on the side of the enemy could only be seen at intervals, and can be 
easily hidden from view. 

'Headquarters near Grovetok, 
Axiyiist 30lh, 1802, 12 o'clock 7n. 
Special oilier No. .] 

The following forces will be immediately thrown forward and in pursuit of the enemy, 
and press him vigoroubly during the whole day. Major General MeUowell is assigned to 
the command of the pursuit. Major General Porter's corps will push forwiird on the War- 
rentou turniiilce, followed by the divisions of Brigadier Generals King and lleynolds. 

The division of Brigadier General Rickettswill pursue the Hay-marl^et road, followed by 
the corps of Major General Heintzelman; the necessary cavalry will be as-igned to these 
columns by Major General McDowell, to whom regular and frequent reports will be made. 
The general hc-adquarters will be somewhere on the Warrenton ttirnpilie. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. miGGLES, 
Colonel and Chief of Staf. 

f Headquarters 3d Corps Army of Virginia, 

Avgust 3Wh, 18G2. 

Major General McDowell being charged with the advanced forces ordered to pursue the 
enemj% directs me to inform you that yoiu" corps will be followed immediately by King's 
division, supported by Reynolds; Heiutzleman, with his corps, preceded by Reynolds's divis- 
ion, will move on your right, on the road from Sudly iSjirings to Haymarket. He is in- 
structed to throw out skirmishers to the left, which it is desirable you should join with your 
right. General McDowell's hevdquarters will be at the head of Reynolds s division on the 
Warrenton roal. Organize a strong advance to precede your command and push on rapidly 
in pursuit of the enemy until you come ia contact with him. Report frequently. Bayard's 
brigade will be ordered to report to you ; push it well to the left as you advance. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ED. SCHRIVER, 
Colonel and Chief of Sta^'. 
Major General Porter, Commanding, Sfc, Sfc. 

HtADQUARTERS 3d ArMT CORPS, ArMT OF VIRGINIA, 

August SOth, 1862. 

General: Major General McDowell directs that you push on the movement, suggested 
in your note to him, to the left, and General Heintzelman, now here, will attend to the 
front and right. You have at you disjiosal, to reinforce yoa, King s division and Reynolds's. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ED. SCHRIVER, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Major General Fitz Joun Porter, Commanding, Sfc, Sfc. » 



48 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

On General Reynolds's information, seeing no time was to be lost, and ttat 
instant measures were to be taken to meet this unexpected movement, I gave 
him orders to take his division immediately over to provide for this threatened 
attack, and occupy the hill south of the turnpike, he knowing the ground well, 
having been over it in the course of the battle the day before. You, at the same 
time, gave orders that some of General Sigel's corps should also move to the 
south of the turnpike, on the Bald Hill, so called, near Groveton. I immedi- 
ately wrote to General Porter that he must exercise his discretion as to the use 
of King's division in the movement. He suggested, in his front, that I had been 
obliged to take Reynolds's division from him to guard the left, and had to go 
there in person to see to it ; that you said if he should need more force, you 
would send him General Sigel. I sent word, also, to General Heintzelman of 
the change, and that I Avas obliged to take from him two brigades and two bat- 
teries of artillery, of Ricketts's division, to aid in improving the defence of the 
left, south of the turnpike, where I immediately repaired and remained through- 
out the battle, having no further communication either with General Ricketts's 
division, under. General Heintzelmaii, or General Kiug's division, under General 
Porter. 

The Warrenton turnpike goes west, up the valley of the little rivulet of 
Young's Branch, and through the battle-field — is mostly close to the stream. 
The ground rises from the stream on both sides ; in some places quite into hills. 
The Sudley Springs road, in crossing the stream at right angles, passes directly 
over one of these hills, just south of the Warrenton turnpike, and this hill has 
on it a detached road, with fields stretching back, away from it, some hundreds 
of yards to the forest. This is the hill on which the Henry House stood. To 
the west of it is another liill — the Bald Hill, so called — which is, in fact, a rise 
lying between the roads, and making about the same angle with each, and run- 
ning back to the forest. Between the two hills is a small stream, a tributary, I 
think, of Young's Branch. 

P'he two brigades under Brigadier General Tower, and the two batteries from 
Ricketts's division, were taken from north of the Warrenton turnpike, on the 
Sudley Springs road, to the hill just above mentioned, to the further side of the 
first woods. Whilst reconuoitering in advance of these woods — the positions 
which the enemy would be likely to occupy in tlie direction indicated by Gen- 
eral Reynolds — I was joined by that officer, and, seeing evidence at that time 
of the enemy to the left, I accompanied him across to the Bald Hill ridge, on 
which, next to the main woods, his division was taking up its position, and on 
which, next to General Reynolds, General Schcnck was coming up from the 
Warrenton road. Whilst these troops were forming on this ridge, which com- 
manded a view of the enemy in the northwest angle of the two roads before 
mentioned, and which overlooked the Warrenton road, we saw the effects of the 
attack which had been madfe by Major General Porter in front, with his own 
troops and King's division of my corps. Seeing that it M^as resulting disas- 



NoTE. — The enemy having shown indie itions of advancing by the right, Reynolds has 
been withdrawn from your column and put over on our left ; it is still thought you will 
be strong enough to etfeet your purpote with King; if not, General Pope will send you Sigel. 

Head(20arters 3d Army Corps, Army of Virginia, 

August mth, 18(J2. 
Major General McDowell is now busy attending to our left ; he directs me to inform you 
that you must ubc your discretion in lefere.nce to the employment of King's division iu 
cotmexion with the service you are to perform. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ED. SCHRIVER. 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Major General Porter, Comvianding, Sfc, &fc. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 49 

trously for us, and that our troops were fallinj^ back, I returned immediately to 
the Henry House Hill, to see to the placing of Tower's two brigades and the two 
batteries. On my way I met one of your staft' with your message, asking if, on 
ordering over this force, I had not taken too much from the right. But soon 
after meeting you, as you came up the Henry House Hill from the right, and 
representing the state of affairs in front, with your sanction I sent Tower's com- 
mand over to the Bald Hill, to the right of General Scheuck. The line thus 
formed, in connexion with that on the north of the turnpike, held by Reno, 
Sigel, and others, commanded the Warrenton road and protected the retreat of 
Porter's command, then moving down from the front. The line had not been 
formed any too soon, for the enemy, after our troops in front had retreated, 
made the expected attack, and assailed the troops on the ridge both in front and 
on their left Hank. Those of the enemy who had passed to the south of the 
Warrenton turnpike, as represented by General Reynolds, soon after opened a 
severe fire from the southwest of the Henry House Hill, on the Bald Ridge, and 
at the same time prepared to move down to take the woods on the Henry House 
Hill itself. The next step was to provide, in some way, for the defence of this 
hill, and as at this time some battalions of regulars, of Sykes's 'division, came 
up the hill, they were sent to the left to occupy the woods which covered it. 
The Rhode Island battery, under Captain Munroe, and some time after two 
brigades of Reynolds's division, under Generals Meade and Seymour, which 
had been withdrawn from the extreme left of the front to form a line across the 
road, behind which General Porter's troops might rally, were brought over from 
the right and relieved the regular battalions. The latter rejoined their division, 
which formed another line on the hill to the east, in rear of the Henry House 
Hill, and at a few hundred yards distant from it. 

Reno's corps was also withdrawn, by your order, from the north of the turn- 
pike to the Henry House Hill. 

The attack on the Bald Ridge line had been too severe for the troops to hold 
it long under the hot fire the enemy maintained upon it. Jackson's brigade, of 
Reynolds's division; McLean's, of Schenck's, and Tower's two brigades, of 
Ricketts's division, were, after heavy losses, little by little compelled to yield it, 
General Schenck and General Tower receiving severe wounds, the former in the 
arm, the latter in the left knee, as they were encouraging and leading on their 
men. Colonel Fletcher Webster, 12th Massachusetts, and Captain Fessenden, 
aide to General Tower, were mortally wounded. 

Though we lost this position, it had been held long enough to aid in protect- 
ing the retreat of our men from the front, who, as they came in, either formed 
behind it, or in rear of the line on the north of the turnpike. It was the only 
position on the left, from which we were forced, and its loss reflects no discredit 
on those who held it, for they yielded to the overwhelming force of the whole 
right of the enemy's army, which was concentrated on them, after our advance 
had been driven back. 

The troops immediately north of the Warrenton turnpike then commenced 
falling back. 

On going to the turnpike, where it ascended from the bridge over Young's 
branch to the top of the hill, to the right and rear of the Henry House Hill, to 
see to the placing of some troops, which I thought might be of King's division 
of my corps, coming there from the front, I found Brigadier General Carl 
Schurz, with some of General Sigel's corps drawn up by tlio road. The gene- 
eral spoke to me concerning the posting of a battery, then out of position, which 
I caused to be placed so as to be of use, in case we should be forced from the 
Henry House Hill, as we had been from the Bald Hill ; but with warning they 
were not to fire till after our men should have left the position in front. Seeing 
them commence loading, I sent a captain on my staff to warn the battery not 
to fire, except on the contingency mentioned. I refer to this incident, as it may 
H. Ex. Doc. 81 4 



.50 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

have served as foundation for one of the strange stories that soon after hecame 
prevalent as to tliis battle. 

I ainiex hereto an extract from General Schurz's report, and a correspond- 
ence which grew out of it, from which it will be seen that the general says 
" he did not mean what he seems to have said."* 

Leaving General Schurz drawn up on the hill, I went to the left where the 
corps of General Porter or the larger part of it, that came out of the fight in 
front, had been formed in double line, and when near Sykes's divivision of regu- 
lars. Brigadier General Milroy, a gallant oificer of General Sigel's corps, came 
riding up in a state of absolute frenzy, with his sword drawn, and gesticulating 
at some distance oft', shouting to send forward re-enforcements, to save the day, 
to save the country, &c. His manner, his dealing in generalities, which gave 
no information Avhatever, and which, in the way he uttered them, only showed 
him as being in a state of mind as unfit to judge of events as to command men, 
and as being away from his couuuand, caused me to receive him coldly. 

It Avas a question with ine whether we could hold the Henry House Hill, 
whether to break the line of reserve at this time, or hold the position that they 
occupied. 

It was a question of importance, on which I should have liked to consult you, 
the general-in-chief, before deciding — the more so, as I had reason to think this 
line had been established under your own orders given direct. But you were 
further over to the left, and the case had to be determined at once. 

But whilst General Milroy gave me nothing whatever on which I could be 
justified in acting, and whilst in doubt, for the moment, in view of the circum- 
stances as to the course to be taken, I received a clear message from that intel- 
ligent as well as gallant ofticer, Brigadier General Meade, through one of his 
aides-de-camp, to the effect that if he could have some re-enforcements sent to 
him, in the woods on the Henry House Hill, he could not only hold them, but 
drive out the enemy, who were not there in great force. Relieved from all 
doubt by this message, I exclaimed, " Meade shall have re-enforcements," and 
immediately gave General Porter orders to send them forward. 

1 send herewith an extract t from General Milroy 's report, to which I regret 
I have to refer to say that his statement, that I refused to send re-enforcements 
to General Sigel is without foundation in anything that I said or thought. ' I 
had just come from a large part of General Sigel's corps. I had received no 
intelligence from General Sigel that he needed re-enforcements. 

•-• " I found Major General McDowell with his staff, and around him troops of different 
corps, and of all arms, iu full retreat.' 

f " At oue time, not receiving assistance from the rear, as I had a right to expect after 
having sent for it, and our struggling batteries being nearly overcome bj' the weight and per- 
sistence of the enemy's attack, I flew back about half a mile to where I uuderstood General 
McDowell was with a large part of his corps. I found him and appealed to him in the 
most earnest manner to send a brigade forward at once to save the day, or all would be 
lost. He answered coldly, in substance, that it was not his business to help everybody, and 
he was not going to help General Sigel. I told him that I was not fighting with General 
Sigel's corps; that my brigade had got out of ammunition some time before, and had gone 
to the rear, and that I had been fighting with half a dozen different brigades, and that I had 
not inquired where or to what particular coips they belonged. He inquired of one of his 

aides if General was fighting over there on the left. His aide said he thought he 

was. McDowell replied, that he would soon help him, for he was a good fellow. He then 
gave the order for a brigade to stait ; this was all I desired. 1 dashed in front of them, 
waved my sword, and cheered them forward. They raised the cheer, and came on at a 
double quick. I soon leti them to where tiiey were most needed, and the gallant manner 
in whicli they entered the fight, and the rapiility of their tire soon turned back the tide of 
battle. But this gallant brigade, like many others that had preceded it, found the enemy 
too strong for them, as they advanced into the forest, and were forced back by the tremen- 
dous fire that met them." 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE ( > ;'^ *' ' 51' 

He was in reserve and mostly in a difFm-ent part of the field than that in which 
I had been operating. On Friday, I had re-enforced hira with Reynolds's 
whole division, and on Saturday the only part of his corps with which I had had 
anything to do, up to the time of my seeing; General Schurz, was General Schenck's 
division, which I had re-enforced, without being asked, with every man 1 had at 
the time under my control. 

I send herewith a copy of my correspondence with Colonel Buchanan, com- 
manding the brigade of regulars I sent forward at the time in question, and with 
other officers present on the occasion, from which you see the condition of mind 
General Milroy was in, and how little his impressions at the time are to be re- 
lied on either as to what he did or what I said. 

To General Sigel, personally, I bore no ill-will, but had he been my enemy, 
and had I desired to see him harmed — " General Sigel" here represented several 
thousand men, many of them from my own State, and, aside from the great 
question of the loss of the battle, the fate of the campaign, and the ruin of the 
country, which might all have been involved — I could not be so stupidly bad, so 
utterly false to the simplest form of duty, as to refuse aid to my brother sol- 
diers, when I had the power to give it, only because they were under an officer 
I did not like. 

As it seems to have been the impression not only that I was unfriendly to 
General Sigel, but that we had bitter altercations and even personal conflicts, on 
the field itself, I take the occasion to state that during the whole course of the 
operations from Thursday morning, at Buckland Mills, to the next Monday 
evening, at Fairfax Court-House, not only I did not exchange a Avord with 
General Sigel, but I did not see him, and I do not think he saw me. 

The re-enforcements taken forward by Colonel Buchanan and tlie troops 
brought by your orders from the north of the turnpike held the position on the 
Ilenry House Hill until they were withdrawn long after dark. 

It was about seven o'clock when I received your order to take such portions 
of my corps as I might find in tact, and proceed with them to take a position 
covering the bridge over Bull Run and Cub Run. 

Proceeding to the place where I had left General Schurz, I found he had with- 
drawn, but General Gibbon's brigade, of King's division, was just coming up 
the hill, and seeing it would not be well to leave the position as unsupported 
as it then was, I told General Gibbon to take post there and hold it till every- 
thing should have passed him. He remained there, I am told by one of the 
colonels of his brigade, till some two hours after dark, when he withdrew. 

Learning at this place that Patrick's brigade, of King's division, had just 
passed towards the bridge, I followed it there. Seeing the road much blocked 
up with wagons, I endeavored to find the ford, a couple of hundred yards below 
the bridge, but it was so dark I could not see the way, and returned to the road 
and crossed over. I left here two ofiicers of my staff and a guard of Pennsyl- 
vania Bucktail battalion, belonging to the 3d corps, under the gallant Colonel 
Kane, and directed some pieces of artillery that were passing by to be placed in 
position on the left bank. All contest, however, save a shot now and then from 
one of our pieces on the Henry House Hill, had ceased for some time. 

This brave little battalion remained here until everybody had passed, when 
they destroyed the bridge and brought up the rear. 

The troops, in passing over the bridges and in moving to the rear, did so in 
good order. Stragglers there wei-e, of course — a march, either in advance or 
retreat, is seldom without them — but the mass of the men preserved their organ- 
ization and moved by battalions and batteries. At Cub Run bridge I left, with 
^[ajor Houston, United States engineers, Avho had constructed the bridge over 
Bull Run, and rendered valuable service throughout the campaign, a regiment to 
keep the troops in the proper order in jjassing to the rear. 

I have no reports from King's division, and, as its operations were under direc 



52 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

tion of another commander, I am uuablo to speak as I would like to do concern- 
ing it. It was, I know, driven back in the engagement in trout, but I know it 
to be one of the finest, best-drilled, best-disciplined bodies of troops in the service, 
and in the main ably commanded ; and if it could not accomplish its task, it 
mnst have been an excessively hard one it was called on to perform. 

The two brigades of Ricketts's division, engaged over in the extreme right, 
under General Heintzelman, were under General Ricketts, whose report is here- 
with. 

On the morning of the 31st the corps was united, and, by your order, placed 
in reserve behind Centreville, the cavalry, under Bayard, being detached and 
operating to the right of that place. 

On the 1st of September I received your order, herewith,* to move immedi- 
ately to Germautown to intercept the march of the enemy then moving down 
the Little River (or Aldie) turnpike to Fairfax Court-House. This was com- 
plied Avith within a few ninutes after its receipt, and the corps was in position 
at Germautown in time to receive the enemy at the crossing of the Difficult. 
Here Ricketts's division was drawn up, under the direction of Major General 
Hooker, with a battalion thrown across the valley of the sti'eam, and, opening 
on the enemy's advance, held it in check at the time Reno's corps attacked him 
in flank and repulsed him. 

September 2, in compliance with general orders, the corps fell back to 
Hall's and Upton's Hills, in front of Washington. 

Here the campaign ended. If it had been short, it had been severe. Begin- 
ning Avith the retreat from Cedar ]\tountain, seldom has one army been asked to 
undei-go more than our men performed. With scarcely a half-day's intermission, 
the 3d corps was either making forced marches, many times through the night, 
and many times without food, &c., or were engaged in battle. These fatigues ] 
were most severe towards the last, when, on account of the movements of the 
enemy, we had to separate from our supplies, and many generals, as well as pri- 
vates, had no food, or only such as could be picked up in the orchards or corn- 
fields along the road. In all this the patience and endurance and general good 
conduct of the men were admirable. To fight and retreat, and retreat and fight, 
in the fnce of a superior force, is a severe test of soldiership. This they did for 
fifteen days ; and, though many broke down under the fetigue and exposures, and 
many straggled from the ranks, the troops, as a general thing, behaved most 
creditably, and, even to their return to the lines in front of this place, though they 
Avere sad at seeing their numbers so much diminished by hardships and battles, 
which had availed them nothing, and were tired and reduced from marching and 
fasting, they preserved their discipline, and it is an abuse of Avords to say they 
were either demoralized or disorganized. 

This report has been delayed so long, for the reasons mentioned at the com- 
mencement, that I now forward it without returns of the killed, Avounded, and 
missing. I will supply this deficiency Avhen all the returns are received. 

General Ricketts, who, at Cedar Mountain and at Rappahannock, was under my 
immediate command, and rendered valuable service Avith his diA'ision, speaks in 
high terms of the gallantry of Brigadier Generals Duryea and Tower, both at 
Tiioroughfare Gap and in the battle of the thirtieth (30,) in which the former 
was slightly and the latter severely wounded. 

« Centreville, September 1, 1862 — 12 m. 

Yon will march rapidly back to Fairfax Court-House with your Avhole division. Assume 
commaud of the two brii^ades now there, and immediately occupy Germantovvn with yonr 
whole force, so as to cover the turnpikes from this place to Alexandria. Jackson is reported 
advancing on Fairfax with twenty thousand men. Move rapidlj'. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Cummanding. 
Major General McDowell. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 53 

y The services of Tower's brigade were especially arduous, forming tlie rear 
guard on almost every occasion. On the retreat from Cedar Mountain, from 
the Rappahannock Station, from the Waterloo road, and from Thoroughfare 
Gap, it had an undue share of the severities of this campaign. The general was 
detached from the division with his own, Hartsuff 's brigade, and posted on the 
Bald Hill ridge, where he remained till a sevei-e wound forced him to retire. 

Brigadier General Hartsuff was so ill and weak from overwork as to have to 
move from place to place in an ambulance. He had rendered valuable service 
both at Cedar Mountain and at Rappahannock, where he occupied the advanced 
position beyond the river. He would not leave his brigade, though unalile to 
get on his horse, and to save his life I was obliged to interfere and have him 
quit us at Warrenton, and thus lost him in the battles which followed. 

Colonel Carroll, and acting brigadier general, commanding brigade, was 
wounded beyond Cedar Mountain in visiting the outposts, and left before we 
began the retreat. He had done good service at Cedar Mountain, and ])y his 
wound was lost to us in the succeeding battles. 

Thus Rickett's division lost all of its brigadiers. 

Amongst others. General Ricketts makes especial mention of those excellent 
volunteers — Colonel Root, 94th New York vohmteers, who, although painfully 
wounded, continued on duty; of Colonel Coulter, 11th Pennsylvania volunteers, 
whose regiment bore the brunt of the action at Thoroughfare Gap; and of 
Colonel Thorburne, 1st Virginia, commanding Carroll's brigade after the latter 
was wounded. 

Brigadier General Reynolds, always active himself, and whose division did 
good service in the campaign, makes especial mention of the services of Briga- 
dier Generals Meade, Seymour, and Jackson, commanding brigades ; also of 
Surgeons King and Read, who remained on the field to attend to the wounded, 
there being no ambulances with the division to bring them away. General 
Reynolds mentions the 1st rifles, under Colonel McNeil, to whose lot the ad- 
vance skirmishing principally fell; the 1st infantry. Colonel Roberts ; the 2d in- 
fantry. Colonel ]\[cCandlcss ; the 6th infantry. Colonel Sinclair ; the 7th, Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Henderson ; and the 12th, Colonel Hardin. 

Of General King's division, I have but the report of Brigadier General 
Hatch, (which had been received since the foregoing report was written,) who 
commanded the division after Brigadier General King left. From it, and 
what J know from the verbal reports of others, I am justified in mentioning 
favorably the conduct of Brigadier Generals Doubleday, Patrick, and Gibbon, 
the last having sustained the weight of the action of Thursday evening, and 
the first especially commanded by General Hatch for his gallantry on the 29th 
and 30th. General Hatch was himself slightly wounded in the early part of 
. the engagement of Saturday. 

Colonel Post, commanding 2d sharpshooters, a valuable regiment, much ex- 
posed, and which rendered most excellent service, is deserving of especial men- 
tion for his conduct, amongst others, in the battle of the 30th. 

The accomplished and gallant Colonel Pratt, commanding the 20th New 
York militia, was mortally wounded. The brave Colonel Frisby, 30tli New 
Y'ork, killed. 

Lieutenant Colonel Fowler, commanding the gallant 14th (Brooklyn) New 
Y'ork militia, was severely wounded on the 29th whilst leading his regiment 
into battle. 

My staff were always faithful, zealous, active and fearless in the discharge of 
their duties, which wei-e incessant and exhausting, and under Avhich many of 
them broke down in health, some being still unable to leave their beds. I de- 
sire to record their names, with my Isest thanks for the support they gave. 
They were: Colonel Edward Schriver, chief of staff; Lieutenant Colonel My- 
ers, chief quartermaster; Major Daniel Tillson, chief of artillery; Major S. F. 



54 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Barston, assistant adjutant general; Major D. C. Houston, cliief of engineers; 
Major J. M. Sanderson, commissary ; Surgeon D. L. Magruder, medical di- 
rector; Majors C. S. Brown and Joseph C. Williard, and Captains F. Haven, 
G. H. Abbe, W. Leski, W. H. W. Krebs, J. E. Jewett, J. P. Droulliard, J. D. 
W. Cutting, C. W. Wadswortli, Howard Stockton, and F. Ball, aides-de-camp. 
Captains Merritt, Huglies, and Siossum, and 1st Lieutenant Thomas Williams, 
5th artillery, who had been assigned to my staff, were on duty with Brigadier 
Generals King and Tower. 

Brigadier General John Buford, commanding the cavalry of the 2d corps, 
was several times under my orders on the retreat from Warrenton, &c., and was 
actively engaged on the extreme left on the 30th I beg leave, thei'cfore, to add 
his name with that of Brigadier General Bayard, commanding cavalry of the 
3d corps, to those deserving especial mention. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

JAMES McDowell, 

Major General, Commanding 3d Corps Army of Virginia. 
Major General John Pope, 

Commander of the late Army of Virginia. 



Headquarters Defences of Washington south of the Potomac, 

A7-lington, Virginia, October 21, 1862. 

Colonel : I have the honor to make the following report of the operations 
of the 3d army corps immediately previous to and in the recent battles in the 
vicinity of Centreville. 

On the 14th of. August, at 9 o'clock p. m., I received orders to retreat with 
my corps from Harrison's Bar, on James river. The next morning General 
Birney's brigade, of General Kearney's division, marched for Jones's (Soan's) 
bridge, on the Chickahominy, which we were to hold till the troops had well 
started from our old camp at Harrison's Bar. On the 16th I fell back to Bar- 
hamsville ; the next day to Williamsburg, and the day after to Yorktown. This 
movement was covered by Colonel Averill's cavalry thrown out towards Rich- 
mond and the White House. At Williamsbiu-g we united with the main body 
of the army. 

On the 20th the advance of the corps of General Kearney's division com- 
menced to embark for Acquia creek, rapidly followed by the rest of my troops. 
Off Acquia creek I received orders changing my destination to Alexandria. I 
arrived at Alexandria at 1.30 p. m. on the 22d, and met, on the wharf, Major 
Key, of General Halleck's staff, with orders to hurry forward my corps to the 
su})port of General Pope. Part of General Kearney's division left in the cars 
that afternoon, soon followed by my whole force. On the 26th my troops were 
all in the vicinity of Warrenton Junction. At dark I received orders to occupy 
Weaversville and vicinity, and also learned that the enemy had 20ossession of the 
railroad in our rear. General Pope directed me to send a regiment and drive 
them back. This regiment found the enemy in force and fell back. 

The next morning (the 27th) General Hooker was ordered as far as Bristow 
Station, and to advance the day after that to Greenwich ; General Kearney's 
division to take a left-hand road and follow Genei'al Ileuo's- division towards 
Gn^enwich. 

I was detained at Warrenton Junction till 3 p. m. to accompany General 
Pope. When we reached Bristow Station the enemy had, after a sharp engage- 
ment, retreated toward JManassas Junction. They belonged to General Ewell's 
division. 

Our troops behaved with their usual gallantry. Our loss was some 300 men. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 55 

mostly of tlie Excelsior brigade. At Bristow Station we found the remains of 
two locomotives and trains of cars that the enemy had bm-ned. In places the 
rails and cross-ties had been torn up, culverts destroyed, and bridges burned. 
I am still without General Hooker's report and that of the 2d brigade. 

The next morning (August 28) General Kearney's division advanced on 
Manassas Junction, followed by General Hooker's as a reserve. About noon 
General Kearney reached the Junction. Our railroad trains, fired by the enemy, 
were still burning. We here learned that he had retreated on Gentreville, and 
Avas 30,000 strong. The pursuit was continued. The advance of General 
Kearney's division found but one regiment of rebel cavalry at Gentreville, which 
fell back at his approach. We now learned that the enemy had fallen back on 
the Warrenton turnpike. General Kearney's division encamped near Gentreville, 
betM^een there and Bull Run. General Hooker's division encamped on the south 
side of Bull Run. 

At 11 p. m. I received instructions that General McDowell had intercepted 
the retreat of the enemy, and that General Kearney's division Avas ordered to 
advance at 1 a. m. until he met the enemy's pickets, there to await daylight, 
and for me to follow at daylight with General Hooker's division. From some 
cause, to me unknown. General Kearney's division had not moved at daylight. 
I ordered it forward and he soon joined it. 

At 10 a. m. I reached the field of battle, a mile from Stone Bridge, on the War- 
renton turnpike. General Kearney's division had proceeded to the right and 
front. I learned that General Sigel was in command of the troops then en- 
gaged. 

At 11 a. m. the head of Hooker's division arrived; General Reno an hour 
later. At the request of General Sigel I ordered General Hooker to place one 
of his brigades at General Sigel's disposal to re-enforce a portion of his line then 
hard pressed. General Grover reported, and before long became engaged, and 
was afterwards supported by the whole division. General Pope arrived between 
one and two p. m. The enemy were driven back a short distance towards 
Sudley's Ghurch, where they made another stand, and again pressed a portion 
of our line back. All this time General Kearney's division held its position on 
our extreme right. Several orders were sent to him to advance, but he did not 
move until after the troops on his left had been forced back, which Avas near 6 
p. m. He now advanced and reported that he was driving the enemy. This 
was not, however, until after the renewed heavy musketry fire on our centre had 
driven General Hooker's troops, and those he was sent to support, back. They 
were greatly outnumbered, and had behaved with exceeding gallantry. 

It was on this occasion that General Grover's brigade made the most gallant 
and determined bayonet charge of the war. He broke two of the enemy's lines, 
but was finally repulsed by the overwhelming numbers in the rebel third line. 
It was a hand-to-hand conflict, using the bayonet and the butt of the musket. 
In this fierce encounter of not over twenty minutes' duration, the 2d New Hamp- 
shire, Colonel Marston, suffered the most. The 1st, 11th, and 16th Massachu- 
setts, and 26th Pennsylvania were engaged. The loss of this brigade, number- 
ing less than 2,000 present, was a total of 484, nearly all killed and wounded. 
I refer you to General Grover's accompanying report. 

Had General Kearney pushed the enemy earlier it might have enabled us to 
have held our centre and have saved some of this heavy loss. Kearney on the 
right, with General Stevens and our artillery, drove the enemy out of the woods 
they had temporarily occupied. The firing continued until some time after dark, 
and when it ceased we remained in possesion of the battle-field. During the 
night, however, our troops again fell back from the woods that had been so ob- 
stinately disputed all the afternoon. At 5.30 a. m., August 30, a few shots were 
fired on my front. The morning was spent in procuring rations from General 
Sigel's train, our own having been left, from necessity, in our last camp on Bull 



56 EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Run. After Lolding a short conference and making reconnoissances, it was de- 
cided that General McDowell should take his corps, mine, and General Porter's, 
to make an attack on the enemy's left. At 12 m. General McDowell and ray- 
self went to our right to reconnoitre more clearly the enemy's position, prepara- 
tory to moving. We saw hut few of the enemy, and appearances were that they 
were retreating. On our return we met General Sigel, who expressed, as the 
result of his observations, the same opinion. At general headquarters the im- 
pression was that the enemy was retreating during the night. It was then de- 
termined that I should advance with General Rickett's troops and my corps, on 
the road leading to Sudley Spring, and thence towards Haymarket. The first 
step in advance brought us in contact with the enemy's skirmishers. These 
were driven out of the woods, but our further advance was resisted by the rebel 
artillery commanding the road. The enemy was evidently still in force. Soon 
after (at 2 p. m.) General Porter became engaged with the enemy on our left, 
and at 4 p. m. tliis attack extended to our centre. We then learned that the 
withdrawal of troops from opposite our right was to mass them on our centre 
and left. General Hooker's division now advanced into the woods near our 
right and drove the enemy back a short distance. At 5.30 our troops on the 
left, and then the centre, began to give way. Shortly before night, on the fall- 
ing back of the troops on the left and centre, I was directed to retire and hold 
successive positions. General Hooker's division was ordered by General Pope 
to the left about dark, and I lost sight of it until after the Avhole army was in 
retreat, when I overtook it on the road beyond the stone bridge. We fell back 
to the Wier House (I believe,) used as a hospital, and there established a new 
line of battle. I sent General Kearney's division to the left to close a gap 
between my left and the main body of the army, keeping Generals Stevens and 
Eicketts's troop to hold the right. After dark I sent my artillery to the rear by 
a road I had sent Major Hunt and Dr. Milhau, of my staff, to examine, as it 
was too dark to use it with effect. Somewhat later the enemy attacked General 
Ricketts's troops, and they gave way. A mile further to the rear Colonel 
McLean's brigade was drawn up and covered the retreat across Bull Run. Part 
of these troops forded Bull Run a short distance above the stone bridge, and 
the others crossed the bridge, which had been repaired the night before. Where 
the Sudley Church road joins the Warrenton turnpike, near Cub Run, I halted 
some cavalry and sent it out to obstruct this road and hold it until all our troops 
liad passed. Late in the afternoon some cavalry and artillery were seen on this 
road, and a few shots were exchanged with my extreme right. 

At about 11 p. m, we reached Centreville, and, in obedience to orders from 
general headquarters, took post at the north of the town. The next day my 
corps was directed to form a reserve in rear of General Franklin's corps, which 
we found at Ccnitreville. On the 1st of September, at 1 p. m., 1 learned from 
General Pope that the enemy was threatening our rear, and he detached Gene- 
ral Hooker from his division to take command of some troops near Germantown 
to hold the enemy in check, advancing on the Little River turnpike. 

General Sumner and I were ordered to march at daylight the next norning 
across the Little River turnpike, in the direction of Chantilly, to aid in this 
movement. I had scarcely returned to my headquarters and given the neces- 
sary orders before I received notice from the commanding general that the enemy 
were about to attack us, and to get my corps under arms. 

I was next sent for to general headquarters, and at 3.30 p. m. ordered to fall 
back on the road to Fairfax Court-House two and one-half miles, and face to 
the left to aid General Reno in driving back the enemy, then threatening from 
the Little River turnpike our right flank and line of retreat. At 4 p. m. General 
Kearney's troops were in motion, followed by General Grover, now in command 
of General Hooker's division. At 5.50 firing commenced by General Reno on 
the enemy between the Little River and Warrenton turnpikes. The enemy 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 57 

were witliin half a mile of the lattei* when they attacked hira. A portion of 
General lleno's troops gave way, but General Birney's brigade, of General 
Kearney's division, gallantly supported them. General Kearney rode forward, 
alone, to reconnoitre, in his usual gallant, not to say reckless, manner, and came 
upon a rebel regiment ; in attempting to escape he was killed. The country 
has to mourn one of her most gallant defenders. At the close of the seige of 
Yorktown he relieved General Hamilton in the command of the division, and 
led it in the various battles on the peninsula, commencing with Williamsburg. 
His name is identified with its glory. 

Our troops held the battle-field till near daylight, when they received orders to 
retire to Fairfax Court-House. Soon after daylight I reported to the command- 
ing general, who directed me to take post with my corps on the left of the 
town. At 9.30 (September 2) I was informed that General Sumner's corps 
would occupy Flint Hill, and that I should with my corps take post on his 
right, on the road to Vienna, as the enemy were moving to or beyond our right. 
At 11 a. m. I received orders directing the whole army to fall back to the lines 
in front of Washington, my corps to Fort Lyons. Left Fairfax Court-House 
at 11.40 a. m., and the troops reoccupied their old lines the next day. 

In the encounters with the enemy at Bristow Station General Hooker's divi- 
sion suffered severely, and again on the 29th of August ; also General Kearney's 
on the afternoon of the 1st September, near Chantilly. 

On our arrival from the peninsula at Alexandria we were hurried forward, 
without artillery or wagons, and many of the field-officers without their horses. 
This, in connexion with overcrowding on the transports, hard marching, and 
hard fare, caused a large amount of straggling, both at Alexandria and during 
the various battles, till, at Fairfax Station, on the 2d September, I had but 
5,000 men left in my two divisions to draw rations. I am, however, happy to 
add that returning stragglers and convalescents have since much increased this 
force. 

General Hooker's division had above 10,000 men when it landed near York- 
town last April, and after the battle of Fair Oaks was re-enforced by about 
3,000 more. At Fairfax Station it drew rations for 2,600 men. General Kear- 
ney's division suffered as much. 

Although we were driven back, and finally to the defences of Washington, 
I do not feel that the gallant veterans of the 3d corps have lost any of their 
well-earned reputation from the battles on the peninsula. My staff performed 
their appropriate duties with their usual assiduity. Not having been able to 
obtain all the brigade reports, the lists annexed are incomplete. In General 
Hooker's division I have no report of the losses of the 2d brigade, nor is there 
any report of the losses of General Kearney's division at Chantilly. Imperfect 
as they are, they sum up an aggregate of 1,491. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

S. P. HEINTZELMAX, 

Major General Commanding. 

Colonel George D. Ruggles, 

Assistant Adjutant General, Army of Virginia. 



58 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Consolidated list of hilled, wounded, and missing in actions of the 29th and 

30tk August, 1862. 

In 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 


Agg 




Regiments. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


regate. 




I 


3 
15 

6 


6 
5 


35 

88 
32 




6 
11 

8 




• 
45 






120 


105th Pena. vols... 


1 




52 








2 


24 


11 


155 




25 




217 









In 2d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 




Regiments. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Aggregate. 


38th N Y. vols 






3 


6 
11 

30 

54 

47 

3 


2 
1 


22 
12 
18 
13 


11 


3d Maine vols 






34 


4tli Maine vols 




7 
5 
6 


6 
3 


49 


40th N. Y. vols 




83 


101st N. Y. vols ... 




69 


57th Peun. vols 




3 




















18 


12 


151 


3 


65 


249 



In 3d brigade, 2d division, 3d corps. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 




Regiments. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Aggregate. 


37th N. Y. vols .. 








3 
2 

93 
6 
2 






3 


2d MichiLcau vols... 






I 

7 




J 


9 


3d Michigan vols 


2 


22 


139 
6 


99th Penn. vols -_ 








15 


17 














2 


22 


8 


106 




36 


174 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 
In 1st division, 3d corps. 



59 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSINC. 


• 


Brigades. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Aggregate. 


1st brigade . . 

2d brigade 


2 


24 
18 
22 


11 
12 

8 


155 
151 
106 


3 


25 
65 
36 


217 

249 


3d brigade 


2 


174 




4 


64 


31 


412 


3 


126 


640 



In 1st brigade, 2d division, 3d corps.* 



Regiments. 


Killed. 


Wounded. 


Missing. 


Aggregate. 


1st Massachusetts volunteers 


5 
16 
10 

4 
6 


66 
87 
77 
64 
33 


7 
30 
25 
42 
14 


78 




133 


11th Massachusetts volunteers -. .. 


112 




110 


26th Pennsylvania volunteers... _-.- 


53 








41 


327 


116 


484 



Note. — No reports of the killed, wounded, and missing, in 2d brigade, 2d division, 3d 
corps, in actions of the 29th and 30th August, 1862, have been furnished to these head- 
quarters. They were forwarded direct to Major General Hooker. A consolidated list of 
this brigade and 2d division cannot therefore be completed. 

In 3d brigade, 2d division, 3d corps. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 




Regiments. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Oflicers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Aggregate. 


2d N. Y. vols 




11 

4 
18 
2 
4 
4 


6 
2 
2 

2 
4 


55 
33 
50 
19 
52 
14 


i 
i" 


9 
10 
38 
10 


81 


5th N. J. vols 

6th N. J. vols . 


2 


52 

108 


7th N.J. vols 

8th N J vols 


1 

1 


33 

59 


115th Penn. vols .. 




12 


34 










4 


43 


16 


223 


2 


79 


367 



Headquarters Washington, December 17, 1862. 



S. P. HEINTZELMAN, 

Major General Commanding. 



No list furnished. The above taken from General Grover's report. 



60 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

No. 4. 
REPORT OF BRIOADIER GENERAL D. B. BIRNET. 

Headquarters First Division, Third Corps, 

Camp Fort Lyon, Va., September 4, 1862. 

Sir : I have the honor to report the part taken by this division in the battle 
at Chantilly, between Centreville and Fairfax Oourt-House, on Monday, Sep- 
tember 1. 

The division readied Chantilly at abont five o'clock p. m., under orders from 
Major General Heintzelman to support General Reno, and found him actively 
engaged with the enemy. 

Under orders from Major General Kearny, I reported my brigade to General 
Reno, and was ordered by him to the front. On reaching that point I found 
the division of General Stevens retiring in some disorder before the enemy ; 
the officers in command of regiments stating that their ammunition had been 
exhausted. 

I immediately ordered forward the 4th Maine regiment, and it gallantly ad- 
vanced and was soon in active conflict. I successively took forward the 101st 
New York, 3d Maine, 40th and 1st New York. These regiments held the 
enemy, and sustained unflinchingly the most murderous fire from a superior 
force. 

At this juncture General Kearny reached the field with Randolph's battery, 
and placing it in position, aided my brigade by a well-directed fire. I pointed 
out to the general a gap on my right, caused by the retiring of Stevens's di- 
vision, and asked for Berry's brigade to fill it. He rode from me to examine 
the ground, and, dashing past our lines into those of the enemy, fell a victim to 
his gallant daring. 

I sent forward the 38th New York and 57tli Pennsylvania to complete oiir 
victory. They advanced gallantly, and night closed in, leaving my brigade in 
full possession of that portion of the battle-field in which we were engaged. 

General Kearny not returning, and supposing that he had been taken 
prisoner, I assumed command of division, and ordering forward Robinson's and 
Berry's brigades, relieved my tired regiments, and held until three o'clock 
a. m., September 2, the battle-ground, at which time I followed with the division, 
the corps of General Reno, to Fairfiix Court-House. 

During the night we removed our wounded. Our loss has been heavy, a 
detailed statement of which, with reports of regimental and brigade commanders, 
will be shortly forthcoming. 

I was ably supported by the commanding officers of my regiments ; all of 
whom sustained the high character accorded to them by our late lamented 
commander in his report of Friday's engagement. 

Lieutenants Lee and Phillips, of my staff, deserve especial mention for their 
untiring efforts to carry my orders to all parts of the field. I have mentioned 
Lieutenant Lee in previous reports for gallantry. 

Robinson's brigade had been placed on my left, by General Kearny, to sup- 
port Graham's battery, but were, unfortunately, not called upon to engage the 
enemy ; but assisted greatly, with Berry's brigade, during the night, in holding 
the battle-field, in front of the vastly superior force of the enemy. I was much 
indebted to General Robinson and Colonel Poe commanding Berry's brigade, 
for their prompt, ready assistance, and the gallant bearing of their tired 
commands. 

I am, colonel, your obedient servant, 

D. B. BIRNEY, 
Brigadier General, Commanding First Division. 

Lieutenant Colonel Chaiincev McKeever, 

A. A. G., Third Corps, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 61 



Consolidated list of Jcillcd, looundcd, and missing in the first division, third 
corps, army of the Potomac, in the actions of 21th, 29th, and oOth August, 
1862. 

First Brigade. 

Twentieth Indiana volunteers. 

Killed. — Colonel Win. L. Browne ; Privates V. M. Chesnut and Dan'l Hern- 
miller, company G ; Private Edgar Furgusson, company K. Total, 4. 

Wounded. — Sergeant Clias. R. Peuo, Privates Phil. H. Larkin and John M. 
Tucker, company A; Sergeant Jares .Johnes, Corporal A. V. Chapman, Privates 
C. Holly worth and Melvin Glazin, company B ; Sergeant E. B. llobins. Corpo- 
rals Wm. Hall and Joseph Inks, and Private Jesse Woodruflf, company C ; Corpo- 
ral Geo. W. Peirce, company D ; Corporal Stephen Smith, Privates Wm. Muir, 
Jacob Everly, Jolm D. Taylor, and Lewis Novil, company E ; Privates Frank 
Knowl, Charles Wheeler, Jas. W. Redfere, and Chas. Moon, company F ; Pri- 
vates R. T. Foster, Henry Jett, J. J. Genions, W. M. Rooker, Henry Becker, 
Wm. L. Milford, and Andrew J. Costater, company G ; Privates Thos. Vore, and 
Wm. Goldesbury, company I ; Privates J. B. Harbett, Wm. Vanaats, Elias 
Bowers, Nathan White, and Theodore Slyres, company K. Total, 35. 

Missing.— Private Aaron Pickerel, company C ; Privates Nathan Caney and 
John Hanes, company E ; Privates Wm. H. Hughey and Frank Barrioch, 
company G ; Private Joseph Rogers, company I. Total, 6. 

Sixty-third Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Killed. — Corporal John Stone and Private J. M. Williams, company C ; Pri- 
vates Jas. McLain and M. Purcell, company D ; Sergeant Sam'l R. Guthrie, 
company F ; Privates Dan'l Cannon, S. R. Wood, John McCollough, and Ed. 
Maginis, company H ; Sergeant Wm. Story, Privates Sam. Ginbaugh and Rob't 
F. Gould, company I ; Privates Rob't Westermau, Dan'l B. Young, and Jacob 
Keith, company K. Total, 15. 

Wounded. — Colonel Alex. Hays and Captain W. S. Kirkwood, acting major ; 
Privates John Lernier, W. W. Morris, Geo. Gibson, Dan'l Fee, James Miller, 
Jas. McAtoo, Wm. Depont, John AVard, and Lewis A. West, company A ; Ser- 
geant Ed. Saint, Privates Klinefalter, W. Clarke, John Frax, and Cyrus Wills, 
company B ; Lieutenant Geo. Weaver, Coi'poral Daniel Stone, Privates John 
Watterson and John Woods, company C ; Sergeant W. J. Thompson, Corporal 
D. Glass, Privates Thos. Glass, W. J. Robinson, Jas. Mc Adams, J. C. Trimble, 
D. McCreany, and John Moore, company D ; Sergeant Wm. J. Marks, com- 
mandhig, Privates Jas. A. Batenian, Sam'l R. Balchori, John Cooper, Ralph H. 
Dawson, Jas. W. Galbraith, A. 11. Johnes, B. Barton, J. A. Powers, and Sam'l 
Porter, con^pany E ; Lieutenant Geo. W. Fox, commanding, Sergeant Jas. Waly, 
Corporal T. H. Martin, Privates Alfred T. Ranee, Joseph S. Elder, Martin Cas- 
tcni, E. Highburgher, Jas. Sample, and Dan'l 0. Neil, company F ; Captain W. 
McHenry, Privates A. 0. Douglass, W. H. Gum, and A. W. Gilman, company 
G ; Sergeant Mathes Kane, Color-sergeant W. W. Weeks, Corporals W. W. 
Wample and Joseph H. Weeks, Privates Pat. Collins, Thos. Crampton, John 
Cannon, Sam'l P. Dillman, Pat. Duggery, Jas. Dowling, Pat. Gallaher, David 
Gritfith, Mich's Kelly, W. H. Marsliall, Jas. Redmond, Jolm Woods, Jas. 
Friel, and John Hill, company H ; Captain Jas. W. Ryan, Corporal Wm. Sem- 
ple. Privates J. W. Gamble, Geo. Solis, John Hoffman, Joseph Evans, Peter 
Lafferty, Peter Wray, Robt. Wiper, Thos. L. Hunter, John Krough, Wm. Wig- 
ham, John Wolf, Tantilius Muse, James Irwin, and Wm. Brown, company I; 
Sergeant Thos W. Buggs, Corporals James M. Minold and Ed. Brundley, Pri- 



62 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



vates John G. Green, Robt. Orr, G. W. Helclerbroul, Robt. Dunbam, Thos. 
Sculley, Henry Hursch, company K. Total, 94. 

Missing. — Private Mat. Hessy, company A ; Private W. Bliss, company ; 
Privates C Ti^bncr and Tbos. A. Miller, company E; Privates Henry Slionp 
and Jobn "^iliompson, company F ; Private Wm. J. Graham, company G ; Pri- 
vate John Johnson, company H ; Privates Reuben George, — Moots, and Rob't 
Hodge, company K. Total, 11. 

One hundred arid fifth Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Killed. — Privates John E. Saddler, Wm. McHenry, and John P. Imler, com- 
pany A ; Private Henry W. McOormick, company C ; Privates Thos. Orr and 
David Johnston, company F ; Second Lieutenant J. L, Gilbert, company I. 
Total, 7. 

Wounded. — Captain 0. A. Craig, commanding regiment ; Captain John 
Hastings, Lieutenant Neel, Sergeant Arthur H. Murray, Privates Geo. Gohen, 
Geo. M. Johnston, John Means, and Augustus C. Nolf, company A ; Privates 
Wm, Alshouse, Francis 0. Brookwater, George Drigard, Ross McCoy, John 
Mayo, and David Mitchell, company C ; Private Elias Wilson and Corpoi-al 
Perry Smith, company D ; Privates L. G. Dom, Fred Mysick, and Andrew 
Wish, company E ; Captain Robt. Ivirk, Corporals Geo, W. Randolph and 
Gew. W. Campbell, Privates James Pounds, Saml. Fulmau, Jas. Awl, Saml. 
Fry, James Drum, Charles Gill, Geo. W. Maynard, and Saml. Cochian, com- 
pany F ; Privates John Blouser and Chapman Rose, company I ; Captain A. 
C. Thompson, Privates Saml. Lydick, James Taylor, Isaac Henis, and M. 
Nudo, company K. Total, 37. 

Missing. — I'rivates David Y, Sattgwin and Jas. W. Broch, company A; 
Private Geo. Reiche, company C ; Privates Wm. B. Hoel and Geo. Wilson, 
company D ; Private Frank Dunbar, company E ; Private G. B. Hall, company 
F ; Private Oliver Graham, coiupany I. Total, 8. 

RECAPITULATION. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 


S 


Regiments. 


Offic-rs. 


Enlisted 
men. 


OfiScers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men 


< 


20th reg't Ind. vol's 

63el leg't Penn. vul's 


1 


3 
15 


6 
5 


35 

88 
32 




6 
11 

8 


45 
120 


105th rtg'tPeriU. vol's.. 


1 


52 




2 


24 


11 


155 




25 


217 



Second Brigade, 
Thirty -eighth New York volunteers. 

Wounded. Private Matthew McEllany, company A; Privates George 

Hannah and Danl. Holler, company D ; Captain Aug, Funk and Lieutenant 
H. C, Pratt, company F ; Lieutenant John M. Hyde, company G ; Privates 
Luther L. Mills, Wm. Barker, Hugh Darmyan, company H, Total, 9. 

Missing. — Second Lieutenant Sam. Johnson, company B; Second Lieutenant 
H. Pcndergrast, company D. Total, 2. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 63 



Third Maine volunteers. 

Wounded. — Privates G. W. Thompson and Leurs Selbing, company B ; 
Sergeant G. E. GJower and Private S. S. Fall, company C ; Private J. E. Pur- 
rington, company D ; Sergeant G. 0. Russell and Private H. C. Castor, 
company E ; Privates S. S. McDerniid and Perley Smith, company F ; Private 
A. P. Herrick, company G ; Private Joseph Perry, company H. Total, 11. 

Missing. — Corporal F. R. Blasland and Private G. A. Glazier, corhpany A; 
Lieutenant W. Cox, Corporals Ed. Smith, Wm. M. Davitt, and Wm. McDonald, 
company B ; Sergeant H. W. Jarvis and Private J. W. Kimball, company C ; 
Corporal Turner Farnam, company D ; Sergeant CM. Bursley, Privates W.F. 
Bragg, E. A. Calcott, C. M. Dodge, and 0. E. Morrill, company E ; Privates 
G. W. Stewart, Jas. Lambert, and Luther Williamson, company F ; Private C. 
C. Griffin, company G ; Privates Saml. Austin and Lewis Bragg, company H ; 
Corporal F. M. Boyerton, Privates Briggs Turner, Geo. L. Fellows, and James 
Orrick, company I ; Sergeant J. C. Richer, Corporal B. W. Smart, Privates A. 
P, Bachelder, Andrew Butler, Geo. A. Butler, Jas. 0. Carroll, A. H. Frost, 
Chas. H. Smiley, and Wm. G. Wilson, company K. Total, 33. 

Fourth Maine volunteers. 

Killed. — First Sergeant Franklin Achorn, company C ; Private Chas. Clark, 
company D ; Corporal Jas. A. Hatch, company E ; Private G. W. Robinson, 
company F ; Private Moses A. Debeck, company H ; Sergeant Chas. Brown 
and Private Wm. King, company K. Total, 7. 

Wounded. — Privates Marion McManus and Anson Trussel, company A ; 
Privates Patrick Black, D. C. Norris, Edmund Cowan and F. J. Dow, com- 
pany B; Privates Saml. N. Cain, Philander Proctor, C. A. Libbey, F.E. Snow- 
deal and C. H. Miller, company C ; Private Josh. Clark, company D ; Sergeant 
Z. C. Gowan and Corporal Jas. G. Rhodes, company E ; First Sergeant G. M. 
Bragg, Sergeant H. Leach, Corporal W. 11. Chick, Privates W. A. Dollis, C. 
H. Elwell, and J. J. Shepard, company F ; Corporal Hiram Hackett, Privates 
John Carlton, Sewell Seary, and Albion Lowell, company G ; Private Geo. 
Cox, company H ; First Sergeant F. P. Fames, Privates M. H. William and 
Rufus Sidelinker, company I ; Private Willard R. Fowler, company K. 
Total, 29. 

Missing. — Sergeant G. R. Greer, company A ; Privates Ellis Bigdale and C. 

0. Murray, company B ; Corporal R. 0. Fales, Privates A. Pottle and J. H. 
Thomas, company C ; Private H. C. Davis, company D ; Privates S. B. Hol- 
gan, Nick Butler, and Timothy Bragg, company E ; Private E. D. Tasker, 
company F ; Private John , company G ; Private Thos. Doyle, company 

1. Total 13. 



Fortieth New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Color-corporal J. W. Brundage, company F ; Private Horace Wil- 
son, company G ; Sergeant John Hickey, I'rivates Pat. Welch and John She- 
han, company K. Total, 5. 

Wounded. — Adjutant Wm. H. Warner ; Captain F. A. Johnson, Corporal 
Wm. Clarke, Privates John Steiger, Jas. Dunn, Saml. Morrison, and Joseph 
Schoiield, company A; Sergeant John Pender, Corporal Geo. A. Morrell, Pri- 
vates Daul. E. Blackstock, Asa Jentice, John Allen, and Jas. W. Dockhand, 
company B ; Sergeant John H, Taylor, Corporal Henry Openshaw, Privates 



64 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Jas. O. Brine, Jas. Armstrong, Edwin Roo;ers, Wm. Carlan, Thos. Cunning- 
liam, Jonathan Mills, Thos. Boyce, and John Colej, company C ; Fii'st Lieu- 
tenant Chas. H. Gesner, Second Lieutenant Wm. H. Plumly, Privates Peter 
Khor, Henry iSinclair, Jas. Anyling, John Burns, John Shuster, Theo. Mount, 

Francis Sweeny, and Suarr, company 1) ; Privates John King, MatheAV 

Lynch, and John Schiffer, company E ; Corporal John Sullivan, Privates Wm. 
Purton, Michl. CosgrifF, Alex. Rooney, and John Britton, company F ; Lieuteu- 
ant Alfred Malpas, Corporal H. B. Goodnow, and Private George H. Fisk, com- 
pany G ; Sergeants F. McLain and John Hannah, Privates John Michan, Thos. 
McCarty, Geo. W. Russell, and Chas. Angell, company H ; First Sergeant 
Adam Goss, company I ; First Lieutenant .Jas. R. Stevens, Sergeants Jerome 
Sullivan and Jerema Slattery, Privates Pat. Burns, Jas. McDonnell, Chas Riley, 
Thomas McGloud, Michl. Walsh, James Vallery, and Wm. Hamilton, com- 
pany K. Total, 60. 

Missing. — Corporal Geo. Fink and Private Joseph Maddin, company F; 
Privates C. O. Fairbanks and G. 0. Hutchings, company G ; Privates Hamson 
Booth, Chas. Earnst, Dennis Conway, H. C. Cobb, Danl. Barnett, and J. G. 
Morrill, company H ; Privates H. Smith (wounded,) Jas. Lowry, P. Leahy, 
Saml. Shute, John Airey, Philip Fritag, and John Kenney, company I. 
Total, 18. 

One hundred and first New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Corporal 0. Nell, company A; Corporal 0. V. Carne, company B; 
Privates W. Donlin and W. Ryan, company D ; Corporal G. Eastwood, com- 
pany I ; Corporal D. Hill, company K. Total, 6. 

Wounded. — Captain W. C. Allen, Corporal J. K. Jonston, Privates E. 
Sweeny and J. Mahay, company A ; Sergeant 0. R. Patterson, Privates L. 
Colburn, W. Hund, G. M. Strawbridge, L. Downer, and J. Brennan, company 
B ; Lieutenant Warner, Sergeant C. E. Sheppard, Privates M. Thomas, W. 

Ringault, C. Malory, and J. Wilson, company C ; Privates Goodwin, 

Lockwood, Neeclin, Leyman, and Alberts, company D ; 

Captain D. L. BeckAvith, Corporal A. Walters, Privates A. Anderson, W. Sny- 
der, W. Brower, and C. Porter, company E ; Privates Harvey Strait, N. Ste- 
vens, W. Tucker, and W. Fransien, company F ; Sergeants Anderson and 
Coburn, Privates Clue and Ridman, company G ; Corporal Miller, Privates H. 
Suther, J. Waggman, S. Reid, F. Bapst, H. Hochstraser, F. Hutin, D. Allen 
and C. Huter, company H ; Corporal H. O. Woods, Privates Geo. Vrauklen 
and W. E. White, company I ; Sergeant Hardenburg, Privates Fillmore and 
Newton, company K. Total 50. 

Missing. — Privates S. Bowles and 0. Bulges, company A; Private Wm. 
Howland, company B ; Privates H. Morgan and C. Harwood, company C ; 
Private Smith, company D ; Sergeant R. Gray and Private C. Keith, com- 
pany F ; Sergi^ant Dow and Private Race, company G ; Sergeant Jas. Vail and 
Private John Saunders, company I ; Private Bowerman, company K. Total 13. 

Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Wounded. — Privates S. M. Osborn and J. Fitzgerald, company A ; Private 
R. C. Harrison, company K. l^otal 3. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



65 



RECAPITULATION. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 


<u 


REGIMENTS. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


eS 


to 

tX) 

< 


38th resr't N. Y. vol's.. 






3 


6 
11 

30 
64 

47 

q 


2 

1 


""22" 
12 

IS 
13 


11 


3d reg't Maine vol's .... 






34 


4th reg't Maine vol's .. . 




7 
5 

6 


— ...-. 

6 
3 


49 


40th reg't N. Y vol's... 




83 


101st reg't N. Y. vol's.. 




69 


57th reg't Peua. vol's .. 




3 


















18 


12 


151 


3 


65 


249 



Third Brigade. 

Thirty-seventh Ncio York volunteers. 

Wounded. — Private Wm. Mooney, company C ; Private Thomas Lowler, 
company D ; Private Pat. Flannagan, company G. Total 3. 

Second Michigan volunteers. 

Wounded. — Second Lieutenant Wm. Plumb, company D ; Private John 
Deeg, company A ; Private Geo. Walter, company F. Total 3. 

Missing. — Private C. Eiker, company C ; Corporals S. D. Southworth, Chas. 
Dryer, and Clinton Snyder, and Private Silas T. Abbott, company G ; Private 
Hen. Smith, company I. Total 6. 

Third Michigan volunteers. 

Killed. — Privates John Eeichberg and Fred, Shriver, company B ; Private 
Andrew Santer, company C ; Lieutenant Byron E. Hess, Corporals C. Berren- 
ger, P. Vandenson, and S. Traverse, and Private James Dailey, company D ; 
Sergeant Danl. Bugle, Corporals E. Bell and Joseph N. Jacobs, Privates Ed. 
Rierdon, Levi E. Metcalf, Willard Washburn, and Elijah Fish, company F ; 
Corporal Wm. F. Hogan and Private Albert Lewis, company G; Privates P. 
S. Archer and Deiuiis Conway, company H ; Privates Josej)h Brown and 
George Chryesler, company I ; Corporal H. H. Mead, Privates Cyrus W. Bul- 
len and Henry P. Beckwith, company K. Total, 24. 

Wounded. — Sergeant D. G. Lovell, Corporal A. C. Parker, Privates Thos. 
Putnam and D. Hicrds, company A; Captain Fred. Shriver, Corporals Jos. B. 
Wood and W. W. Wilder, Privates M. S. Bacon, H. P. Bateman, S. C. Brig- 
ham, and Geo. W. Gates, company B ; Sergeant Augt. Smidt, Corporal Augt. 
Hoyer, Privates Danl. Moe, G. Schwartyler, Henry Dykeman, Lewis Hartman, 
and Peter Myers, company ; Sergeant H. S. Mather, Corporal D. Lock, Pri- 
vates B. T. Call, Wm. Wright, Geo. Hammond, I. Francis, Jas. Renwick, A. 
Barber, M. Barber, P. Grooms, M. McGrath, and David Benton, company D ; 
Sergeant C. M. Finch, Corporals E. A.. Synold and M. P. Long, Privates J. M. 
Call, E. Van Wert, J. W. Salter, S. Dalrample, Job Scott, A. G. Kilpatrick, 
C. B. Soveim, and Geo. Armes, company E ; Captain I, C. Smith, Ser- 
geants Thos. Conger and Jas. E. Vandam, Corporals Ste. D. Thompson and 
H. Ex. Doe. 81 5 



ee 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Berry F. Goocli, Privates John August, Eli Hamblin, Wm. P.Wilson, Andrew 
Duran, and P. H. Doran, com^iany F ; Sergeants Geo. Ellis and Artenius New- 
man, Corporal Allen S. Shattuck, Privates Ben. F. Hammond, Wm. Bryce, Ira 
M. D. Crame, Andrew J Hath, Alex. Ross, Alva W. Weller, John Stanton, 
and Oliver Richards, company G ; First Lieutenant W. S. Ryan, Second Lieu- 
tenant Thos. J. Waters, Sergeant P. P. Bergevin, Corporals Fred. Higbee, Wm. 
Millney, Saml. Jenner, Chas. Althouse, and Walter .Jones, Privates Wm. Fur- 
guson, A. A. Shelley, .John Smith, Judson Smoke, Chas. Henderson, and Chas. 
Rose, company H ; First Lieutenant Simeon Brennan, Second Lieutenant 
Thos. Tate, Sergeant J. F. McGinley, Corporal Oscar Foster, Privates Ben. 
Austin, B. E. Baker, Harley Bennet, E. S. Cole, Perry Groshon, Albert Hanlin, 
and H. Heindermier, company I; Second Lieutenant Dan. S. Root, Sergeant 
Jas. 0. Donahue, Corporals Alex. Mclntire and Robt. Misener, Privates Geo. 
Cochran, Alex. French, Chas. W. Furber, Harmon Kusig, Elias H. Judd, Chas. 
Henry, Orrin K. Newton, Martin Neilson, and Alfred Pelton, company K. 
Total, 100. 

Missing. — Privates Jas. Congdon, Jas. H. While, and B. Charmschad, com- 
pany B ; Privates G. H. March, Jas. P. Drake. Geo. P. Scranton, and E. A. 
Hamilton, company E ; Privates l^eter Clays and Americus Miller, company G ; 
Privates Horatio Barnham, John George, and Zeph. Jeffer, company H ; Pri- 
vate Chas. A, Morgan, company I ; Privates Wm. Halsey and John J. Rowley, 
company K. Total 15, 

Fifth Michigan volunteers. 

Wounded. — Privates Danl. Millspaugh and Allen E. Hicks, company B ; 
Private John Winslow, company D ; Private Othello Phelps, company E ; 
Private Saml. Murrall, company G ; Corporal Chas. JVIcNaughton, company I. 
Total, 6. 

Ninety-nintJi Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Woimded. — Private Thos. Blaukann, company G ; Private Pat. Branagen, 
company H. Total 2. 

Missing. — I^rivates John Germou and Dennis Buckley, company E ; Pri- 
vates J. S. Smith, Benj. Eldridge, and Z. Powell, company F ; I^rivates Thos. 
Stackhouse and E. Wilder, company G ; Privates Phil. Murray and Martin 
Ivelly, company H ; Privates John Adams and John Rodgers, company I ; 
Privates L. Martin, A. Krier, Danl. McDcvitt, and I^. Clause, company K. 
Total, 15. 

KECAPITULATION. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


MISSING . 


H 


EEGIMENTS. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


O 
< 


37th reg't N. Y. vol's 








3 
2 
93- 
6 
2 






3 


2d reg't Mich, vol's 






1 
7 




6 
15 


9 


3d reg't Mich, vol's 

5th reg't Mich, vol's 


2 


22 


139 
6 


99th reg't Penn. vol's .. 










15 


17 














2 


22 


8 


106 




36 


174 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



67 



Recapitulation of killed, ivounded, and missing in the first division of the third 

army corps. 





KILLED. 


■WOUNDED. 


MISSING. 


aj 


BRIGADES. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


f 

bo 


Ist brigade ... 


2 


24 
18 

22 


11 
12 

8 


1.55 
151 

106 


3 


25 
65 
36 


217 


2d. brigade .- 


249 


3d brigade 


2 


174 








4 


64 


31 


412 


3 


126 


640 



Respectfully transmitted, 



D. B. BIRNEY, 

Brigadier General, Commandins: Division. 



No. 5. 



REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL J. F. REYNOLDS. 

Headquarters Reynolds's Division, 
Camj) near Munson's Hill, Va., Septemher 5, 1862. 

Colonel: I luave tlic honor to report the operations of this division since 
leaving Fredericksburg, on the 21st of August last, under orders from Major 
General Burnside, to proceed to Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock river. 

The division having been united at Fredericksburg, with the exception of the 
2d regiment. Colonel McCandless, not yet debarked at Acquia Creek, accompa- 
nied by an ammunition train supplied by General Burnside, proceeded to Kelly's 
Ford, where it arrived, after a severe and arduous march, on the evening of the 
22d ultimo, and relieved a brigade of Reno's division under Colonel Farnsworth, 
of the 79th New York. 

On the morning of the 23d the division joined the army of Virginia under 
General Pope, then on its march to Warrenton from Rappahannock Station, and 
on arriving at Warrenton was attached, temporarily, to McDowell's army corps. 
On the 24th the division encamped on the Sulphur Springs road, one mile south 
of Warrenton, with Meade's brigade advanced two miles on that road. On the 
26th we moved to the Waterloo road. On the 27th it marched with the army, 
on the Alexandria and Warrenton turnpike, and encamped at Broad Run. On 
the 27th marched to Manassas, by way of Gainesville ; on the supposition that 
the enemy was at the former place, I was directed to follow General Sigel's 
corps until our arrival at Gainesville, where I was to form in columns of eche- 
lons on his left — King's division to form in like manner on my left — in which 
order we were to move on Manassas. On arriving at Gainesville the head of 
my column Avas fired upon by two pieces of the enemy, in position on the heights 
above Groveton and to the left of the turnpike, which were immediately replied 
to by Ransorii's battery, and Meade's brigade rapidly thrown into line of battle 
by that general. The range being too great for Ransom's guns, his battery was 
replaced by the rifled guns of Captain Cooper, when the enemy withdrew, not, 



68 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

however, before some loss liad been sustained by Meade. Some force was dis- 
played and skirmishers sent forward along the pike and through the woods on 
the right of the road. On the opening of fire upon the enemy from our rifled 
guns he retired from our front. This was supposed to be merely a demonstra- 
tion by the enemy to save a wagon train, which was seen moving off on the 
Sudley Springs road, and the column continued its march towards Manassas. 

About five o'clock I received orders to march upon Centreville, and the 
column turned off at Bethlehem church and took tlie Sudley Springs road towards 
the Warrenton pike. About this time heavy cannonrfding was heard both to 
our front and left, the former supposed to be from Sigol's corps, and the latter 
from King's division, which had taken the Warrenton pike from Gainesville. 
1 sent word to tlie column to hasten its march, and proceeded to the left at 
once, myself, in the direction of the firing, arriving on tha field just before dark, 
and found that Gibbon's brigade of King's division was engaged with the enemy, 
with Uoubleday's and Patrick's brigades in the vicinity. After the firing- 
ceased I saw General King, who, determining to miiintain his position, I left 
about 9 o'clock p. m. to return to my division, promising to bring it up early in 
the morning to his support. 

Before leaving, however, I heard the division moving off, and I learned from 
General Hatch that it was moving by Gainesville towards Manassas. I then 
returned to my own division, which I reached at daylight on the morning of the 
28th; closed up with General Sigel's command on the old battle-field of Bull 
Run. General Sigel reported the enemy in his immodiate front, and requested 
my co-operation with him in an attack upon his position. I accordingly formed 
my division on the left of General Sigel's corps, next to the division of General 
Schenck. General McDowell joined the command at daylight, and directed my 
co-operation with General Siegel. 

The right of the enemy's position could be discerned upon the heights above 
Groveton, on the right of the pike. The division advanced over the ground to 
the heights above Groveton, crossed the pike, and Cooper's battery came gal- 
lantly into action on the same ridge on which the enemy's right was, supported 
by Meade's brigade ; while pressing forward our extreme left across the pike, 
re-enforcements weie sent for by General Sigel for the right of his line under 
General Mih-oy, now hardly pressed by the enemy, and a brigade was taken 
from Schenck's command on my right. The whole fire of the enemy was now 
concentrated on the extreme right of my division, and unsupported there the 
battery was obliged to retire with considerable loss in both men and horses; and 
the division fell back to connect with Schenck. 

Later in the day. General Pope, arriving on the right from Centreville, 
renewed the attack on the enemy and drove him some distance. My division 
was directed to threaten the enemy's right and rear, which it proceeded to do 
under a heavy fire of artillery from the ridge to the left of the pike. Generals 
Seymour and Jackson led their brigades in advance, but notwithstanding all the 
steadiness and courage shown by the men they were compelled to fall back 
before the heavy fire of artillery and musketry which met them both on the front 
and left flank ; and the division resumed its original position. King's division 
engaged the enemy along the pike on our right, and the action was. continued 
with it until dark by jMeade's brigade. 

On the morning of the 30th I was directed to take post with my division on 
the left of the piki^ near the Henry House, and ordered by Major General Pope 
to form my division in column by company at full distance, with the whole of 
my artillery on the left ; that I would be the pivot in the attack which Porter's 
corps was to make on the enemy's right, then supposed to be on the pike and 
in retreat. Having formed my division in the position indicated, and opened 
with my rifled batteries to drive the enemy from the first ridge, the skirmishers 
advanced and the attack by Porter's corps commenced. When the skirmishers 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 69 

arrived in the thick woods opposite Groveton, I found the resistance so great 
that another regiment was deployed to support them, and finally a second ; in 
all, three regiments. 

The advanced skirmishers were the 1st rifles. Colonel McNeil, and the 1st 
infantry, Colonel Roberts, supported by the 7th infantry, Lieutenant Colonel 
Henderson. The Gth regiment, Colonel Sinclair, was thrown through the woods 
on our left flank. Becoming convinced that the enemy wore not in retreat, but 
were posted in force on our left flank, I pushed through the skirmishers to the 
edge of the woods on the left, gaining sight of the open ground beyond ; and 
advancing myself into the open ground, I found a line of skirmishers of the 
enemy nearly parallel to the line of skirmishers covering my left flank, with 
cavalry formed behind them, perfectly stationary, evidently masking a column 
of the enemy, formed for attack on my left flank when our line should be sufli- 
ciently advanced. The skirmishers opened fire upon me, and I was obliged to 
run the gaimtlet of a heavy fire to gain the rear of my division, losing one of 
my orderlies Avho had followed me through the woods. I immediately com- 
municated this to the commanding general of the corps, who came upon the 
ground, and directed me to form my division to resist this attack, the dispositions 
for which were i-apidly completed. Other troops were to be sent to my support, 
when the commanding general, observing the attack of Porter to have been 
repulsed, ordered me with my division across the field to the rear of Porter, to 
form a line behind which the troops might be rallied.. I immediately started 
my division in the direction indicated; but before tlse rear of my column had 
left the position the threatened attack by the enemy's right began to be felt, 
and the rear brigade, under Colonel Anderson, with three batteries of artillery, 
were obliged to form on the ground on which they found themselves to oppose 
it. Passing across the field to the right, with Meade's and Seymour's brigades 
and Ransom's battery, my course was diverted by the difiicult natui'e of the 
ground, and the retreating masses of the broken columns, among troops of 
Heintzelman's corps, already formed, by which much time was lost and confusion 
created, which allowed the enemy to sweep up with his right, so far as almost 
to cut us off from the pike, leaving nothing but the rear brigade and the three 
batteries of artillery of my division and scattered troops of other commands to 
resist the advance of the enemy upon our left. It was here that the most severe 
loss of the division was sustained, both in men and material, Kerns losing his 
four guns, but not until wounded and left on the field ; Cooper, his caisson. 

Colonel Harden, commanding 12th regiment, was here severely wounded. 
The brigade under command of Colonel Anderson sustained itself most gallantly, 
and though severely pushed on both front and flank maintained its position 
until overwhelmed by numbers, when it fell back, taking up new positions 
wherever the advantages of ground permitted. The two brigades and battery 
of artillery under my immediate command, finding ourselves perfectly out of 
place, moved, by the direction of an oflicer of General Pope's staff", to a position 
to the right of the Henry House, which ^sition was most gallantly maintained 
by the commands of Meade and Seymour and Ransom's battery for nearly two 
hours, when they were relieved by the division of regular troops under Colonel 
Buchanan. 

My division Avas then united and marched during the early part of the night 
towards Centrevillo, and bivouacked with Syke's division upon the east bank of 
Cub Run. On the following morning it proceeded to Centreville. 

Qn the afternoon of the 31st my division was directed to relieve the com- 
mand of General Reno, (Stevens's brigade,) occupying the position of Cub Run, 
where it remained during the night. On the 1st instant the division marched 
with the army from Centreville, and encamped near Fairfax Court-House. On 
the 2d it proceeded by the Alexandria and Columbia turnpike to the vicinity of 



70 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Hunter's cliapel and Arlington. On tlie afternoon of the 4th the division 
arrived at this place, and encamped in position to the rear of Mimson's hill. 

The conduct of the officers and men during the several actions, and the 
arduous marches they were subjected to since leaving Fredericksburg, -was 
generally good and commendable. Many straggled from the ranks, unable to 
keep up, and some few left the ranks on the field, but rejoining their commands 
at Centreville it is impossible to ascertain who were censurable. General 
Meade mentions the 1st rifles, under Colonel McNeil, to whose lot the advance 
skirmishing principally fell, as deserving particular notice. The 1st infantry, 
under Colonel lloberts, the 2d, Colonel McCandless, the 6th, Colonel Sinclair, 
the 7th, Lieutenant Colonel Henderson, and the 12th, Colonel Hardin, are also 
particularly mentioned. 

Generals IMeade and Seymour, as heretofore, led and conducted their brigades 
m the most skillful manner throughout the entire mai-ches and actions ; also 
General Jackson, commanding 3d brigade, up to the time that he was taken 
sick on the field and obliged to retire on the 30th. His command devolved 
upon Colonel Anderson, who conducted the brigade through that day. To the 
officers of my small staff, consisting of Captain Kingsbury, assistant adjutant 
general. Lieutenant Lamborn, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenant Snyder, of the 7th 
regiment, acting aide-de-camp, I am greatly indebted for their indefatigable 
efforts to execute my orders, rendered more arduous by the incomj)leteness of 
the division as well as brigade staffs, having neither quartermaster nor commis- 
sary with the division. 

Division Surgeon King remained upon the field with Surgeon Read, of the 
1st infantry, to attend to our wounded. Not having a single ambulance with 
the division, it was impossible to bear our wounded any distance from the field. 

I enclose a return of the killed, wounded, and missing in the several actions ; 
also a list by name. 

I neglected /to mention that the 2d regiment, under Colonel McCandless, joined 
the division at AVarrenton, and that Colonel McCandless was severely wounded 
in the action of the 30th. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JOHN F. REYNOLDS, 
Brigadier General of Volunteers, Commanding Division. 

Col, SCHEWER, C/iief of Siqff, 

'3d Anny corps. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



71 



Return of killed, wounded and missing, in Reynolds^ Division during the 
actions of the 28th, 29t7i, and 30th of August, 1863. 



- 


Killed. 


Wounded. 


Missing. 


Total. 


Ist brigade, (Meade.) 
1st rifles, Colonel McNeil . 


5 
2 


19 
21 
12 
23 
21 


3 

27 

2 

13 

32 


27 


3d infantry, Colonel Sickles . 


50 


4th infantry Colonel Magillon ...... . 


14 


7th infantry Lieut. Col. Henderson 




36 


8th infantry, Captain Lemon .... 


5 


58 






Total 


12 


96 


77 


185 






2d brigade, {Se>/mour. ) 


6 
1 

1 
5 


23 

15 

9 

36 




29 


2d infantry. Colonel McCandless 

5th infantry, Major Fentmyer 

6th infantry, Colonel Sinclair . ... 




16 




10 


20 


61 






Total 


13 


83 


20 


116 






3d brigade, (Jackson.) 
9th infantry, Colonel Anderson ... 


12 

12 

5 

5 


52 
34 

47 
38 


35 

19 

5 

23 






99 


nth infantry, Lieutenant ColonelJackson. 
12th infantry Colonel Hardin ...... 


65 
57 




66 


Total 


34 


171 


82 


287 






Battery C, 5th artillery, Capt. D. R Ransom 

Battery A, Ist Pennsylvania artillery 

Battery B, 1st Pennsylvania artillery 

Battery G, 1st Pennsylvania artillery 




1 

5 
19 
22 


1 
1 


2 


1 
4 
3 


7 
23 


8 


33 

• 


Total 


8 


47 


10 


65 






Total of the division ..... 


67 


397 


189 


653 







Respectfully submitted. 
Camp near Upton Hill, September 5, 1862. 



JOHN F. REYNOLDS, 
Brigadier Gtneral Volunteers, Commanding. 



72 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headuuarters First Army Corps, 

October 9, 1862. 

General : I observe in the report by General Scbenck's acting assistant 
adjutant general, published in the Philadelphia Inquirer of to-day, of the opera- 
tions of that general's division when General Sigel advanced to attack the 
enemy on the morning of the 29/A of August last, (you will yourself observe 
the error in the dates,) several misstatements, unintentional, no doubt, when 
referring to the movements of my division. My division manoeuvred on his left 
from early in the morning until he gained the position alluded to on the pike 
near Gibbon's battle-ground of the, evening previous. It was here that General 
Schenck asked me for a battery. Cooper's battery, with Meade's brigade as a 
support, was immediately placed in position on the ridge to the right of the pike 
and on the left of the woods where Gibbon's brigade had been in action, by 
General Meade and myself. In returning from this position, to bring up the 
other battery and Seymour's brigade, I passed through Schenck's troops, drawn 
up on the right of the woods before alluded to, in which Gibbon had been 
engaged. But, in bringing up Ransom's battery and Seymour's brigade along 
the pike, I noticed that Schenck's troops had disappeared from this position and 
were nowhere in sight. I understood that Schenck had detached a brigade to 
/the right to the support of Milroy, and that I was therefore left alone, as far as 
I knew. I immediately arrested Seymour's movement, and directed the division 
to occupy the position across the pike from which it had moved, in doing which 
McLean's brigade was discovered occupying a piece of woods just on the left of 
the pike, and, as soon as could be, this movement was arrested and made to cor- 
respond with his position. It was subsequently ascertained that he was discon- 
nected from the rest of Sigel's troops, and the position was again changed to 
make them correct. 

I sent no word to General Schenck of the kind indicated in this paper of the 
movement of the enemy, at the time this change of position was made, nor at 
any time. There was a report came later in the evening that the enemy were 
moving over the pike, but I am not aware that I communicated it to General 
Schenck, as at that time I had no connexion with him. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JOHN F. REYNOhDS, 
Brigadier General Volunteers, Commanding. 

Major General McDowell, Washington, D. C. 

I make this correction to you and without any desire to enter into a contro- 
. versy in the paper on official matters. 

J. F. R. 



No. 6. 

REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL J. C. ROBINSON. 

Headquarters Robinson's Brigade, 

Centrevillc, Virginia, August 31, 1862. 

Captain : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations 
of my brigade yesterday and day before : On Friday morning I was ordered 
to " support Colonel Poe's brigade and to develop his line of battle to the right." 
After crossing Bull Run, I moved forward in tAvo lines, the first composed of the 
20th Indiana and 105th Pennsylvania, and the second of the 63d Pennsylvania 
and five companies of the 30th Ohio, which were temporarily attached to my 
command. Arriving on the ground assigned me, I remained for a considerable 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 73 

time exposed to a heavy artillery fire, after which I took up my position on high 
ground further to the right. I was soon after directed by Major General Kear- 
ney, commanding division, to move to the support of Poe's left, when I formed 
the 63d and 105th Pennsylvania in line of battle on the Leesburg road, holding 
the 20tli Indiana and Ohio battalion in reserve. At this time there was a heavy 
musketry fire to our left and front, and 1 was directed to move forward through 
the woods to turn the enemy and cut off his retreat through the railroad cut. 
On arriving on the ground with the 63d and 105th Pennsylvania, 20th Indiana, 
and 3d Michigan, I found the railroad already occupied by our own troops, and the 
cornfield in front filled with the enemy. I then deployed the 63d and 105th 
Pennsylvania along the railroad to the right of the troops in position, directing 
the 3'd Michigan to protect my right fiank, placing the 20th Indiana in reserve, 
and throwing skirmishers to the front. Soon after taking this position the regi- 
ments on my left gave Avay and passed rapidly to the rear, out of the woods, 
leaving my left flank entirely exposed. As rapidly as possible I moved my 
command to the left to occupy the deserted ground, but before my troops could 
get fairly into position I was fiercely attacked by a superior force that had suc- 
ceeded in crossing the road. I then threw forward my right wing, forming my 
line of battle at right angles to the original position, and checked the progress 
of the enemy. At this time General Birney brought up and turned over to me 
his 4th Maine. He afterwards sent me his 1st, 40th, and 101st New York regi- 
ments. These troops were deployed to the right and left of the railroad, and 
pushed forAvard to the support of my regiments in front, which were suffering 
severely from a terrific fire of musketry and the enemy's artillery posted on a 
hill to our right and rear. Our men now gained steadily on the enemy, and 
were driA^ing him before them until he brought up fresh masses of troops, (sup- 
posed to be two brigades,) when, with ammunition nearly expended, M^e withdrew 
to our second position. Our loss in this action was severe, embracing some of 
our best officers. It was here that my 20th Indiana lost their brave colonel, 
William L. Brown, who fell while gallantly leading his regiment. The loss of 
this gallant officer and true patriot is irreparable. With him fell other brave 
officers and men, who will ever be remembered as among our coimtry's heroes 
and martyrs. The enemy's loss must have been very great. 

On Saturday morning I was ordered with my brigade to support the right of 
our line, and took my position in front of one of the fords of Bull Run, placing 
two regiments in line and one in reserve. The left wing of the 30th Ohio regi- 
ment, which afterwards reported to me for duty, was placed on the left of my 
line. I remained in this position, exposed part of the time to the fire of artillery, 
until, it becoming evident that the enemy was turning the left flank of the 
army, I Avas directed by the major general commanding division to take position, 
on the hill by the Brown House. I moved to this point in column, and so 
remained, ready to take any position necessary; Avhen, on appearance of the 
enemy, I deployed into line of battle, facing towards our original front. Soon 
after, by order of General Heintzelman, I moved in column of regiments to the 
holloAv in front, ready to push forward to the support of Birney's brigade, which 
Avas noAV threatened by masses of the enemy, and my first position on the hill 
Avas occupied by troops of Ricketts's division. Soon a s^-aggling musketry 
fire Avas heard from there, and I supposed the enemy was repulsed. It was noAV 
dark, and I Avas surprised to learn soon after that our troops had left the hill in 
possession of the enemy. I used every precaution to conceal from him the 
knoAvledge of my position, and, although Avithin speaking distance, I remained 
there until about ten o'clock, Avhen I withdreAv my brigade silently and in per- 
fect order. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of officers and men during 
the whole of the two days' conflict; all seemed to be animated by the same 
spirit, and the evolutions in face of the enemy Avere performed with the same 
coolness and precision as on drill. I leave it for the regimental commanders to 



74 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

mention tliose of their commands most deserving of notice. I received much 
assistance from the lamented Colonel Brown, of the 20th Indiana, and from Col- 
onel Hays, of the 63d Pennsylvania, who led his regiment in his usual gallant 
manner on the 29th until wounded and taken from the field. Captain Craig, 
105th Pennsylvania, gallantly led his regiment and was also wounded. My 
thanks are due to Colonel Champlin, 3d Michigan; Colonel Egan, 40th New 
York; Colonel Gesner and Lieutenant Colonel Brown, 101st Now York; and 
Colonel Walker, 4th Maine, for valuable services. 

The officers of my staff. Captain Kidder, assistant adjutant general ; Lieuten- 
ant Eobinson, aide-de-camp; and Colonel Chester and Lieutenant Sweet, acting 
aids, were zealous and active, performing their duties gallantly under severe 
musketry and artillery fire. 

The regiments engaged suffered the loss of 3 officers killed, 25 officers 
wounded; 69 enlisted men killed, 375 -wounded; 106 missing. Aggregate loss, 
578. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JOHN C. ROBINSON, 

Brigadier General. 
Captain G. H. Mendill, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, 

First Division, Third Corps, Army of Totomac. 



Headquarters Robinson's Brigade, 
Camp near Fort Lyon, Virginia, September 8, 1862. 

Major : I have the honor to report that in the affair of Chantilly, on the 1st 
instant, this iTrigade, with Graham's battery, was placed in line of battle on 
rolling ground to the left of the Centreville road. The 20th regiment of Indi- 
ana volunteers was directed to hold the woods on our right. The brigade was', 
by order of the division commander, held in this position until near night, when 
I advanced about half a mile. Soon after I received orders from Brigadier 
General Birney, who had succeeded to the command of the division, to move to 
the right and front, when I formed the brigade in columns of regiments on his 
right, and there remained until the division was withdrawn at an early hour the 
next morning. In this engagement the brigade suffered no loss. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JNO. C. ROBINSON, 

Brigadier General. 
Major Brevoort, Assistant Adjutant General, 

First Divisio?i, Third Corps, Army of the Potomac. 

Headquarters First Brigade, 

Centreville, Virginia, August 31, 1862. 



Respectfully forwarded. 



D. B. BIRNEY,^ 

Brigadier General, Commanding Division. 



No. 7. 

REPORT OF COLONEL ORLANDO M. POE, SECOND MICHIGAN VOLUNTEERS. 

Camp Wilton, Virginia, September 9, 1862. 
Sir: I have the honor of reporting, for the information of the brigadier gen- 
eral commanding division, that on Monday afternoon, September 1st, the third 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 75 

brigade of tliis division, of wliicli I was then in command, moved from its camp 
at Centreville, taking the road to Fairfax Court-House. Some three or four 
miles out on this road, I received orders from General Kearney to form the 
brigade in line of battle on the road, and move forward in the direction of the 
firing, then going on between Reno's division and the enemy, until our left con- 
nected with General Robinson's right. We did so, and halted for a few minutes, 
when Lieutenant Colonel Brown, aide-de-camp, brought me an order to move for- 
Avard by a road which he would point out, and support Reno's left flank. We 
did so, until arriving a short distance in the rear of where Randolph's battery 
had been at Avork, where we halted; and in the absence of other officers, who 
could not at the moment be found, (General Kearney was not then known to 
have been killed,) I reported to General Reno, who directed me to remain 
where I was until further orders, at the same time telling me to detach one regi- 
ment in support of a battery, upon our left. The 5th Michigan was sent to 
perform this duty. It was now dark, when an order came from General Birney, 
who had assumed command of the division in the prolonged absence of General 
Kearney, to move to the front and relieve the first brigade, which had expended 
its ammunition in the fight. We did so at once; relieving the 3Sth New York 
with the 2d Michigan, tlie 40th New York with the 99th Pennsylvania, and 
with the 3d Michigan and 37th New York in support. These arrangements had 
scarcely been made when I was ordered to leave one regiment on picket in the 
advanced position, and form the other three in column of regiments at a point 
indicated. While executing this movement some firing took place between the 
pickets, and whatever loss (see list appended) we sufiered occurred at this time. 
The firing soon stopped. At 2.30 a. m. I was directed to withdraw in the direc- 
tion of Fairfax Court-House, following the second brigade. We moved in the 
indicated direction, leaving the 2d Michigan on picket until the brigade was 
fairly in motion, when it was withdrawn, acting as the rear guard until we 
struck the main road, where we met and passed General Hooker's division, reach- 
ing Fairfax Coiirt-Iiouse at an early hour in the morning. 

CASUALTIES. 

Second Michigan Volunteers. 

Killed, Private John B. Miller, company F. Woimded, Corporal A. B. 
Simpson, company C. 

'Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

- Killed, Private William H. Anderson, company C. Missing, Private George 
A. Logan, company F. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Second Michigan volunteers : Killed,!; wounded,!. Ninety-ninth Pennsyl- 
vania volunteers: Killed, !; missing, !. 

Total: Killed, 2; wounded. !; missing, !. ^ 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ORLANDO M. POE, 
Colonel 2d Michigan volunteers, (late) Commanding Brigade. 

Major Henry W. Brevoort, 

Assistant Adjutant General, ^pc. 



76 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. , 

No. 8. 

REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL C. GROVER, 

Headquarters Second Division, Third Corps, 

September 26, 1862. 

Sir : I have the honor herewith to enclose the official reports of the first and 
third brigades of this division, and to state that the report of the second 
brigade and of the batteries were forwarded to General Hooker soon after our 
arrival here, at his request. I have also, at General Hooker's request, for- 
warded to him co^^ies of the within reports. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

C. GROVER, 
Brigadier General, Commanding Division. 

The Assistant Adjutant General, third corps. 



Head Quarters First Brigade Hooker's Division. 

Sir : I have the honor to report that on the 25th day of August the Ist 
brigade of Hooker's division left its camp in the vicinity of Alexandria, Virginia, 
and by rail proceeded to Warrenton Junction, to the left and front of which 
on the following day it took position. 

Early on the following day it moved to Bristow Station, preceded by the 
2d and 3d brigades, which soon became hotly engaged with tlie enemy on the 
line of the railroad. Under the orders of Major General Hooker, I formed line 
of battle, throwing out skirmishers to the front and on the right, and advanced ; 
but the enemy, having once broken before the preceding brigades, fell back 
without making a stand until reaching a high blufi" novth of Cedar Run, where, 
in strong position, supported by artillery, he awaited an advance. At this 
time, about sundown, I received an order to move to the left of the road and take 
position on the high ground, and to hold with three regiments of my command 
a position on our front and flank, where a road from Riclimond intersected the 
main road, while the remaining two guarded the approaches to our position on 
the right. Here we i-ested on our arms for the night. My command had not 
been under musketry fire during the day, and had been but little annoyed by 
the enemy's shells, one man of the 11th Massachusetts volunteers only having 
been wounded. 

On the following day we recontinued our march for the plains of Manassas 
by the way of Centreville, and arrived upon the battle-field about 9 a. m. The 
battle had already commenced, and as my column moved to the front the shells 
fell Avith remarkable precision along the line of the road, but fortunately did no 
damage. 

My brigade was temporarily placed under the o.rders of Major General Sigel, 
whose troops were then engaging the enemy in the centre. Under instructions 
received from him, I threw forward the 1st Massachusetts volunteers to support 
his line, while my remaining four regiments were drawn up in two lines, shel- 
tered from the enemy's fire by a roll of the field in front. This position Avas 
occupied until about 2.30 p. m. 

In the meantime I rode over the field in front as fiir as the position of the 
enemy would admit. After rising the hill under which my command lay, an 
open field was entered, and from one edge of it gradually fell off in a slope to 
a valley, through which ran a railroad embankment. Beyond this embankment 
the forest continued, and the corresponding heights beyond were held by the 
enemy in force, supported by artillery. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 77 

At 3 p. m. I received an order to advance in line of battle over this ground, 
pass tlic embankment, enter the edge of the woods beyond and hold it. Dis- 
positions for carrying out such orders were immediately made ; pieces Avcre loaded, 
bayonets fixed, and instructions given for the line to move slowly upon the 
enemy until it felt his fire, then close upon him rapidly, fire one well directed 
volley, and rely upon the bayonet to secure the position on the other side. 

We rapidly and firmly pressed upon the embankment, and here occurred a 
short, sharp, and obstinate hand to hand conflict with bayonets and clubbed 
muskets. Many of the enemy were bayonetted in their tracks, others struck 
down with the butts of pieces, and onward pressed our line. Tn a few yards 
more it met a terrible fire from a second line, which, in its turn, broke. The 
enemy's third line now bore down upon our thinned ranks in close order, and 
swept back the right centre and a portion of our left. With the gallant 16th 
Massachusetts on our left, I tried to turn his flank, but the breaking of our right 
and centre and the weight of the enemy's lines caused the necessity of falling 
back, first to the embankment, aud then to our first position, behind which we- 
rallied to our colors. 

In this fierce encounter, of not more than twenty minutes' duration, our loss 
was as follows : 

Killed. Wounded. Minsing. Total 

First Massachusetts volunteers 5 66 7 78 

Second New Hampshire volunteers 16 87 30 133 

Eleventh Massachusetts volunteers 10 77 25 112 

Sixteenth Massachusetts volunteers 4 64 42 , 110 

Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania volunteers 6 33 14 53 



41 326 116 484 



Though forced to retire from the field by the immensely superior numbers of 
the enemy, supported by artillery, and by the natural strength of his position, 
men never fought more gallantly or efiiciently. 

I must make special mention of my personal observation of the 2d New 
Hampshire, and 11th aud 16th Massachusetts regiments, that, under every trial, 
have won new distinctions. The well-known first Massachusetts, though not 
under my personal observation, was, as usual, in the van. The 26th Pennsyl- 
vania, which supported the left, did not have that opportunity of showing its 
metal that I could have desired, owing to the nature of the ground. 

Striking examples of personal gallantry were unusually numerous. The 
gallant Lieutenant Colonel Tileston, of the 11th Massachusetts; Captains Little- 
field, of the 2d New Hampshire, and Stone, of the 11th ; Lieutenant Roberts, of 
the 1st Massachusetts ; Lieutenants Rogers and Moore, of the 2d New Hamp- 
shire; Lieutenant Porter, of the 11th, and Lieutenant Banks, of the 16th, were 
either killed upon the field or died from the effects of wounds soon after the 
battle. 

Among those that in the short duration of the engagement I especially no- 
ticed were Captains McDonald, of the 11th; O'Hara, of the 16th, (wounded;) 
Lieutenant Merriam and Lieutenant Banks, (killed.) I had not the opportunity 
to observe but i'ew cases of signal daring; but, with few exceptions, all officers 
and men there engaged can look back with just pride to their conduct on that 
day. 

After the battle we bivouacked on the field about a mile to the rear. At 
about 6 p. m. on the 30th, under orders from the major general commanding the 
division, my command retired from the field and marched to Centreville, where 
it encamped at about 11 p. m. Since the latter date it has been engaged in no 
operations worthy of note. 



78 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

In closing, I must acknowledge my great indebtedness to my staff officers, 

Captain Hibbert, A. A. G.; Captain Perkins, A. Q. M.; Captain Corvie, C. S.; 

Lieutenants Hubbard and Brown, aides-de-camp, for meritorious and efficient 

services in their especial lines of duty during the period embraced in this report. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

• C. GROVER, . 
Brigadier General, Commanding First brigade. 

Captain Joseph Dickinson, 

Assistant Adjutant General Hooker^s Divisioji. 



REPORT OB^ MAJOR GENERAL P. KEA.RNEY (BY GENERAL BIRNEY.) 

Headquarters First Division, Third Corps, A. P., 

Fort Lyon, Septemher 4, 1862. 
Respectfully forwarded as the official report drawn up by the late Major 
General Philip Kearney and intended to have been signed by him the day of his 
death. 

D. B. BIRNEY, 
Brigadier General, Commanding Division. 



No. 9. 
REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL P. KEARNEY, (BY GENERAL BIRNEY.) 

Headquarters 1st Division, 3d Corps, Army of the Potomac, 

Centrevdie, Va., August 31, 1862. 

Colonel : I report the part taken by my division in the battles of the two 
previous days. On the 29th, on my arrival, I was assigned to the holding of 
the right wing, my left on Leesburg road. I posted Colonel Poe, with Berry's 
brigade, in first line ; General Robinson, 1st brigade, on his right, partly in 
line and partly in support, and kept Birney's most disciplined regiments reserved 
and ready for emergencies. ToAvards noon I was obliged to occupy a quarter 
of a mile additional on left of said road, from Schurz's troops being taken else- 
where. 

During the first hours of combat General Birney, on tired regiments in the 
centre falling back, of his own accord rapidly pushed across to give them a hand 
to raise themselves to a renewed fight. 

In early afternoon General Pope's order to General Roberts Avas, to send a 
pretty strong force diagonally to the front to relieve the centre in woods from 
pressure. Accordingly, I detached on that purpose General Robinson, with his 
brigade, the 63d Pennsylvania volunteers, Colonel Hays, the 105th Pennsylva- 
nia volunteers, Captain Craig, the 20th Indiana,' Colonel Brown, and additionally, 
the 3d Michigan marksmen, under Colonel Champlin. General Robinson drove 
forward for several hundred yards, but the centre of the main battle being shortly 
after driven back and out of the woods, my detachment, thus exposed so consid- 
erably in front of all others, both flanks in air, was obliged to cease to advance, 
and confine themselves to holding their own. At 5 o'clock, thinking — though 
at the risk of exposing my fighting line to being enfiladed — that I might drive 
the enemy by an unexpected attack, through the woods, I brought up addition- 
ally the most of Birney's regiments, the 4th Maine, Colonel Walker and Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Carver, the 40th New York, Colonel Egan, 1st New York, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE*. 79 

Major Burt, and 101st New York, Lieutenant Colonel Gesner, and changed 
front to the left, to sweep, with a rush, the first line of the enemy. This was 
most successful. The enemy rolled up on his own right. It presaged a victory 
for us all. Still, our force was too light. The enemy brought up rapidly heavy 
reserves, so that our further progress was impeded. General Stevens came up 
gallantly in action to support us, but did not have the numbers. 

On the morning of the 30th, General llicketts, witli two brigades, relieved me 
of my extra charge of the left of the road, and I again concentrated my com- 
mand. We took no part in the fighting of the morning, although we lost 
men by an enfilading fire of the enemy's batteries. A sudden and uxmccount- 
able evacuation of the field,' by the left and centre, occurring about 5 p. m., on 
orders from General Pope, I massed my troops at the indicated point, but soon 
reoccupied with Birney's brigade, supported by Robinson's, a very advanced 
block of woods. The key point of this new line rested on the Brown House, 
tOAvards creek. This was held by regiments of other brigades. Soon, however, 
themselves attacked, they ceded ground and retired without warning us. I 
maintained my position until 10 p. m., when, in connexion with General Reno 
and General Gibbon — assigned to the rear guard — I I'etired my brigades. 

My command arrived at Centreville, in good order, at 2 a. m. this morning, 
and encamped in front of the Centreville forts. My loss in killed and wounded 
is over 750, about one in three ; in some regiments engaged a great deal severer ; 
in the 3d Michigan, 140 out of 260; none taken prisoners, except my engineer 
ofiicer, who returned to the house supposed to be held by the troops alluded to. 

It makes me proud to dwell on Ijie renewed efforts of my generals of brigade, 
Birney and Robinson. My regiments all did well, and the remiss in camp seemed 
as brightest in the field. Besides my old tried regiments, who have been pre- 
viously noted in former actions, and maintained their prestige, I have to mark 
the 101st New York volunteers and 57th Pennsylvania volunteers, as equalling 
all that their comrades have done before. Their commanders. Lieutenant Colo- 
nel Gesner, of the 101st New York volunteers, and Major Birney, with the 57th 
Pennsylvania volunteers, have imparted to them the stamp of their own high 
character. The 63d Pennsylvania, and 40th New York volunteers, under the 
brave Colonel Egan, suff'ered the most. The gallant Hays is badly wounded. 

The loss of officers has been great; that of Colonel Brown can hardly be re- 
placed. Brave, skillful, a disciplinarian, full of energy, and a charming gentle- 
man, his 20th Indiana must miss him. The country loses, in him, one who 
promised to fill Avorthily high trust. 

The 3d Michigan, ever faithful to their name, under Colonel Champlin and 
Major Pierce, lose 140 out of 260 combatants. 

Colonel Champlin is again disabled. The staunch 4th Maine, under Walkei*, 
true men of a rare type, drove Oii through the stream of battle irresistibly. The 
105th Pennsylvania volunteers was not wanting. They are Pennsylvania's 
mountain men. Again have they been fearfully decimated. The desperate 
charge of these regiments sustain the past history of this division. 

The lists of killed and wounded, and reports of brigades and regiments, will 
be shortly furnished. 

Randolph's battery of light twelves was worked with boldness and address. 
Though narrowly Avatched by three long-reaching enfilading batteries of the en- 
emy, it constantly silenced one of theirs in its front, and shelled and richochetted 
its shot into the re-enforcements moving from, the enemy's heights down into the 
Avoods. On the 27th, with tAvo sections and Robinson's 1st brigade. Captain 
Randolph had poAA^erfully contributed to General Hooker's success at Bristow 
Station. 

Captain Graham, 1st United States artillery, put at General Sigel's disposi- 
tion, as repeatedly drove the enemy back into the woods as the giving way of 
that infantry left the front unobstructed. His practice was beautifully correct, 



80 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

and proved irresistible. On tlie 31st, Captain Graham, not being required on 
the right, was sent to the extreme left, and rendered important service with 
General Reno, firing until late in the night. 

Lieutenant * * * *, a German officer of distinction, put at my disposal by 
General Sigel, with two long range Parrotts, covered our right flank and drove 
off an enemy's battery and regiments. I name these gentlemen as ornaments to 
their branch of the service. 

I must refer to General Hooker to render justice to the part taken by my 1st 
brigade under General Robinson, and Randolph's battery, in the affair of the 
27th, at Bristow Station. 

Again am I called on to name the efficiency of my staff. Captain Mindil, 
often cited, brave and intelligent, was the only military aide present to assist 
me; but Doctor Paucoast, division surgeon general, not only insured the prompt- 
ness of his department, but with heroism and aptitude carried for me my orders.. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant. 

Commanding 1st Division. 
Col. Geo. D. Ruggles, 

Chief of Staff to Major General John Pope. 



No. 10. 
PtEPORT OF GENERAL FRANZ SIGEL. 

Headciuarters First Corps, Army op Virginia, 

Near Fort De Kalb, Virginia, September 16, 1862. 

Colonel: I have the honor to submit the following reports : 

I. Operations previous to the battles of the 29th and oOtJt August. 

After the battle of Cedar Mountain, the retreat of the first corps from the 
Rapidan behind the Rappahannock, and the several engagements pf that 
corps near Rappahannock Station, Freeman's Ford, and Sulphur Springs, we 
advanced to Waterloo bridge on the same day. We had taken possession of Sul- 
phur Springs on the 24th August. The brigade of General Milroy occupied a 
position on the north side of the bridge, e:!ttending his line of sharpshooters 
along the shore of the river. The main body of the corps was encamped be- 
tween the bridge and Sulphur Springs, and behind it the corps of Major General 
Banks and General Reno's division. 

The enemy had advanced from Rappahannock Station along the south side 
of the river, in a line parallel with the route taken by our troops, and Avas trying 
to cross at the abo-^e-named ford, (Freeman's,) and the bridges at Sulphur Springs 
and Waterloo. (3n the night of the 24th of August his camp fires extended 
from Waterloo bridge to Jefferson village, a distance of four or five miles — his 
main force of about 30,000 men occupying the latter point. 

Early on the morning of the 25th a sharp skirmish commenced at the (Wa- 
terloo) bridge, which was reported to me by General Pope to have been destroyed 
by General Buford, but which we found on our arrival in good order and strongly 
defended by the enemy. While we were taking position on the north side the 
enemy began to break up his camp at Jefferson find to mass his troops on the 
south side of the bridge. By noon 28 regiments of infantry, 6 batteries, and 
several regiments of cavalry of the enemy had arrived and taken their position. 
I had, the night before, given notice of the enemy's strength and movements to 
Major General Pope, and now again informed him of the position of affairs; as 
the disposition he had made of our forces was evidently based on the supposition 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 81 

that the enemy would force the passage of the river between Bealeton and Wa- 
terloo Bridge. Id the mean time I had been directed to march to Fayetteville, 
and form part of the centre of the army to be arrayed in a line extending from 
Waterloo Bridge to Bealeton Station. 

In accordance with this order, General Milroy should have been relieved in the 
morning by a brigade of General McDowell; another brigade of the 3d corps 
(McDowell's) had to march to Sulphur Springs. In the forenoon of the same 
day General Koberts, of Major General Pope's staff, delivered to me a verbal 
order to hold my position at Waterloo Bridge under all circumstances, and to 
meet the enemy if he should try to force tlie passage of the river, and that 
General McDowell would be on my right, with the cavalry brigade of General 
Bufoi'd, and General Banks on my left.* 

Soon afterwards I received intelligence that a lai'ge force of the enemy's 
cavalry had crossed on my right and was moving towards Orleans, and that 
another force had crossed on my left, at Sulphur Springs, and taken possession 
of that place. I immediately ordered General Beardsley, with the 9th New York 
cavalry and four mountain howitzers, to Sulphur Springs, to shell the enemy 
out of the place, which he did. The rest of my cavalry, consisting of three 
companies of the 1st Virginia and two of the 1st Maryland, I ordered towards 
Orleans, for the purpose of protecting my right flank. Meanwhile, cannonading 
was kept up near the bridge, and from all indications I supposed that the enemy 
would avail himself of the opportunity to make a combined attack against my 
position. I therefore sent to the left to find Generals Banks and Reno, and to 
the right to look after General McDoAvell's troops, especially the cavalry brigade, 
and was not a little astonished to learn that Generals Banks and Reno were, by 
orders of Geuei-al Pope, on their march to Bealeton, and that no troops could be 
fouud on my right except the cavalry brigade of General Buford, which was 
encamped four miles behind us on the Warrenton road. To coufuset matters 
atill more, I received a despatch from General McDowell, one section of it di- 
rected to Major General Banks, asking for news from his corps, and the other 
directed to myself, informing me that 1 would join my pontoon train at Fayette- 
ville. I sent this despatch to General Banks, and requested him to furnish me 
with what information he could, so that, in the absence of instructions, I might 
be enabled to direct my movements properly. I also sent to Generals Pope and 
McDowell, at Warrenton, for an explanation and for orders; but General Pope 
had left for Warrenton Junction, and General McDowell did not furnish me 
with any instructions.! 

It was now nearly sunset, and my situation exceedingly critical. Threatened 
on my right and left flank, an army of 30,000 menacing my front, and separated 
from me only by a shallow river, fordable at many points for infantry as well as 
cavalry and artillery, no supporting force within eight or ten miles, I supposed 
that it was not really the intention of the commanding general to leave me in 
this position. 1 was corroborated in my opinion by the answer of General 
Banks, who advised me to march to Fayetteville, and by the fragmentary paper 
saying that I would find my pontoon train at that point. § Considering all this, 
I resolved to march to Fayetteville at night, and made my preparations accord- 
ingly, although I did not believe in the correctness of the whole plan. 

Just at the moment when my troops were about to move, one of my officers 
returned with an order of General Pope, directing me to march to Warrenton 

''General Buford's whole cavalry forte was oq csgel's ri^ht, piv-kenng the river for several 
miles above. 

fThe confusion was entirely in General Sigei s own mini. 

I Sigel at this time was not under McDowell s oicieis at all. 

§ Entirely uufouiided. General Sigei's opiriiou, formed in ignoraiite ot our coudition, is, 
perhaps, not valuable, and certainly out of phice iu thiri report. 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 6 



82 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

and to encamp there. I put my troops in motion in compliance with this order, 
and cautiously withdrew from Waterloo Bridge, as I had not a single "company 
of cavalry to cover my retreat.* Before Avithdrawing, however, I ordered the 
destruction of the bridge, which Avas accomplished under the direction of Gen- 
eral Milroy, after much exertion and some loss of life. 

At two o'clock next morning, (August 26,) as I was entering Warrenton with 
my rear guard, I received another order from General Pope, through General 
McDowell, directing me to " force the passage of the Waterloo Bridge at day- 
light." As this was a matter of impossibility, the troops having marched the 
whole night on a very inconvenient road, I reported Major General Pope this 
fact, and received orders to stay at Warrentou. 

During the day I ascertained that the enemy was marching by Thoroughfare 
Gap to Manassas, and on^the following night that his main army was encamped 
at White Plains, the advance guard east of Thoroughfare Gap, and the rear at 
Orleans.! This news was brought in by all the scouts sent out by me, with 
some cavalry, to Sperryville, Salem, and Gainesville, and was immediately com- 
municated by telegraph to Major General Pope. It was also reported to me 
that the enemy Avas moving during the night, (Tuesday;) that Jackson would 
be in Manassas next day, (Wednesday;) and that Longstreethad not yet joined 
him, but was tAvo miles from Salem at noon on Wednesday, the 27th. 

In view of these facts, I proposed to General McDowell, to Avhose command 
the first corps had been attached since its arrival at Waterloo Bridge, 1o concen- 
trate our forces at Gainesville, and thereby separate Longstreet's troops from those 
of Jackson, taking the enemy at Manassas in the rear, and by forcing him to 
evacuate Manassas effect a junction with the army of General McClellan.| This 
movement Avas executed. 

On the morning of the 27th the first corps left Warrenton for Buckland Bridge 
on the road to Gainesville, with directions to take possession of the bridge, and 
thereby open the road to Gainesville. The brigade of Brigadier General JNIilroy 
advanced rapidly towards the bridge, and drove the enemy, who Avas stationed 
there with some cavalry and artillery, back towards Gainesville, Avhile the 
pioneers repaired the bridge, which had been set on fire and partially destroyed 
by the enemy. In a short time the whole of General Milroy's brigade had 
passed the river and pressed forAvard against Gainesville, making on their way 
about one hundred and fifty prisoners. I now ordered General Schurz to pass 
the river and folloAv General Milroy, and to take position behind him. The 
diAdsion of General Schenck also crossed the river, and the infxntry brigade of 
General SteiuAvehr remained in reserve at the bridge. Such Avas the position of 
the first corps on the evening of the 27th. 

During the night General McDoAvell's corps arrived at Buckland Mills, and 
I received orders, at three o'clock in the morning, to march to Manassas and to 
take a position, with my right resting on the railroad leading from Warrenton 
Junction to Manassas Junction ; so, at least, I understood the order.§ 

On this march our cavalry, sent out to the left in the direction of Groveton, 
was shelled by the enemy, about one and a half mile distant from the road on 
which we marched ; and, besides this, an artillery engagement began between 
the corps of General McDoAvell and the enemy. I immediately halted, ordered 
tlie Avhole corps to countcnuarch, and formed in order of battle on the heights 

'* Where were tSigel'f^ ami Bufoid's cavalry ? 

fGeneral iiigel lias just before stated the extreme peril of hi.s eumman I at nii'lnight ou 
the 25th from tlie main force of the entniy at Waterloo Bridge. How could they have been 
at White Plains so soon ? 

JGeiieral Pope never heard of such a propo.sition, and Geneial McDowell says in liis report 
General Sigel' never made it. 

§No such order given. See the ordct-ln McDowell's report, and General Pope'.s. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 83 

parallel Avith the Centreville-Gainesville road. The enemy's infantry and cav- 
alry pickets were about three hundred yai-ds from our line, and our skirmishers 
had already advanced against them, when, on a report made to General Mc- 
Dowell, I received orders to march forthwith to Manassas Junction. I reluc- 
tantly obeyed this order, marched off from the right, and was within two and a 
half miles from Manassas when our cavalry reported that Manassas was evacu- 
ated by the enemy, and that General Kearney was in possession of that point. 
As I was sure that the enemy must be somewhere between Centerville and 
Gainesville, I asked permission to march to New Market, whereupon I was 
directed to march to Centerville.* This order was in execution, and the troops 
prepared to cross the fords of Bull Run, when our advance met the enemy on 
the road leading from New Market to Groveton and Sudley's Ford, this side 
of Bull Run; about the same time I received a report from General Pope that 
the enemy was concentrating at Centreville. Su}y)o?ing that this was correct, 
I directed the brigades of General Milroy and Colonel McLean to advance against 
the enemy this side of Bull Run, on the road to Sudley Springs, and left General 
Stahel's brigade and General Schurz's division near the fords, the latter division 
facing towards Centreville. 

As soon, however, as I had ascertained that Centreville was evacuated by the 
enemy, I followed with these troops to assist Brigadier General Milroy and 
Colonel McLean, who, under the direction of Brigadier General Schenck, were 
briskly engaged with the left of the enemy's forces, whose right had engaged a 
brigade of the third corps. Our artillery advanced steadily until the dark- 
ness of night interrupted their movements ; they encamped for the night near 
Mrs. Henry's fann, one regiment having taken position on the Centreville-Gaines- 
ville tunipike, the main force fronting towards Sudley Springs and Groveton. 

II. — Battle of Groveton, near Bull Run, on Friday, August 29 1862. 

On Thursday night, August 28, when the first corps was encamped on the 
heights south of Young's branch, near Bull Run, I received orders from General 
Pope to "attack the enemy vigorously" the next morning. I accordingly made 
the necessary preparations at night and formed in order of battle at daybreak, 
having ascertained that the enemy was in considerable force beyond Young's 
branch, in sight of the hills we occupied. His left wing rested on Catharpin 
creek, front towards Centreville ; with his centre he occupied a long stretch of 
woods parallel with the Sudley Springs (New Market) road; and his right was 
posted on the hills on both sides of the Centreville-Gainesville road. I therefore 
directed General Schurz to deploy his division on the right of the Gainesville road, 
and by a change of direction to the left to come into position parallel with the 
Sudley Springs road. General Milroy, with his brigade and one battery, was 
directed to form the centre, and to take possession of an elevation in front of 
the so-called " stone house," at the junction of the Gainesville and Sudley Spring 
roads. General Schenck, with his division forming our left, was ordered to ad- 
vance quickly to an adjoining range of hills, and to plant his batteries on these 
hills — at an excellent range from the enemy's position. 

In this order our whole line advanced from point to point, taking advantage 
of the ground before us, until our whole line was involved in a most vehement 
artillery and infantry contest. In the course of about four hours, from half-past 
six to half-past ten o'clock in the m«rning, our whole infantry force and nciirly 
all our batteries were engaged with the enemy. Generals Milroy and Schurz 
advancing one mile, and General Schenck two miles, from their original positions. 
At this time (10.30 o'clock) the enemy threw forwai'd large masses of infantry 

^Altogether incorrect. See reports of Generals Pope, McDowell, Heynolds, and Sigel's 
own despatches to General Pope. 



84 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

against our right, but was resisted firmly and driven back three times by the 
troops of Generals Milroy and Schuvz. To assist these troops, so hard pressed 
by overpowering numbers, exhausted by fatigue, and weakened by losses, I 
ordered one battery of reserve to take position on their left, and posted two 
pieces of artillery, under Lieutenant Blum, of Schirmer's battery, supported by 
the 41st New York volunteer infantry, beyond their line, and opposite the right 
ilank of the enemy, who was advancing in the woods. These pieces opened fire 
with canister most effectively, and checked the enemy's advance on that point. 
I now directed General Schenck to draw his lines nearer to us, and to attack 
the enemy's right Hank and rear by a change of front to the right, thereby aa,- 
sisting oiir troops in the centre. This movement could not be executed by Gen- 
eral Schenck with his whole division, as he became briskly engaged with the 
enemy, who tried to turn our extreme left. 

At this critical moment, when the enemy had almost outflanked us on both 
wings, and was preparing a new attack against our centre, Major General Kear- 
ney arrived on the field of bafttle, and deployed by the Sudley Springs road on 
our right, while General Reno's troops came to our support by tlie Gainesville 
turnpike. With the consent of General Reno, I directed two regiments and 
one battery, under Brigadier General Stevens, to take position on the right of 
General Schenck — the battery on an eminence in front and centre of our line, 
where it did excellent work during the rest of the day, and where it relieved 
Captain Dilger's battery, Avhich had held this position the whole morning. Three 
regiments were posted between General Milroy and General Schenck, and two 
others, with two mountain howitzers, were sent to the assistance of General 
Schurz. Scarcely were these troops in position when the contest began with re- 
newed vigor and vehemence, the enemy attacking furiously along our whole 
line, from the extreme right to the extreme left. The infantry brigade of Gen- 
eral Steinwehr, commanded by Colonel Koltes, was then sent forward to the as- 
sistance of Generals Schenck and Schurz, and one regiment was detailed for 
the protection of a battery posted in reserve near our centre. The troops of 
Brigadier General Reynolds had meanwhile (12 o'clock) taken position on our 
left. In order to defend our right, I sent a letter to General Kearney, saying 
that Longstreet was not able to bring his troops in- line of battle that day, and 
I'equestiug him (Kearney) to change his front to the left, and to advance, if pos- 
sible, against the enemy's left flank. To assist him in this movement, I ordered 
two long-range rifled guns to report to him, as his own battery had remained in 
reserve behind his lines. 

At two o'clock in the afternoon General Hooker's troops arrived on the field 
of battle, and were immediately ordered forward by their noble commander to 
participate in the battle.* One brigade, under Colonel Carr, received orders, 
by my request, to relieve the regiments of General Schurz's division, which had 
maintained their ground against repeated attacks, but were now worn out, and 
nearly without ammunition. Other regiments were sent forward to relieve 
Brigadier General Milroy, whose brigade had valiantly disputed the ground 
against greatly superior numbers for eight hours. 

To check the enemy if he should attempt to advance, or for the purpose of 
preparing and supporting an attack from our side, I placed four batteries, of dif- 
ferent commands, on a range of hills on our centre, and behind the woods, which 
had been the most hotly contested part of the battle-field during the day. 

I had previously received a letter from Major General Pope, saying that Fitz 
John Porter's corps and Brigadier General King's division, numbering 20,000 
men, would come in on our left. I did, therefore, not think it prudent to give 
the enemy time to make new arrangements, and ordered all the batteries to con- 

■■■'Hooker arrived at siitue time with Keaiiiey, early in the day. — (See Hcintzelinaii's 
report.) 



' REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 85 

tiime tlieir fire, and to direct it principally against the enemy's position in the 
woods before our front. Some of our troops placed in front were retiring from 
the woods, but as the enemy, held in check by the artillery in the centre, did 
not venture to follow, and as. at this moment new regiments of General Hooker's 
command arrived and were ordered forward, we maintained our position, which 
Generals Milroy and Schurz had occupied in the morning. 

During two hours, from four to six o'clock p. m., strong cannonading and 
musketry continued on our centre and right, where General Kearney made a 
successful effort against the extreme left of the enemy's lines. 

At a quarter past six o'clock Brigadier General King's division, of Major 
General McDowell's corps, arrived behind our front, and advanced on the Gaines- 
ville turnpike. I do not know the real result of this movement, but from the 
weakness of the enemy's cannonade, vand the gradually decreasing musketry in 
the direction of General Kearney's attack, I received the impression that the 
e"nemy's resistance was broken, and that victory was on our side; and so it was. 
We had won the field of battle, and our army rested near the dead and wounded 
who had so gloriously defended the good cause of this coimtry. 

UJ.—Batf/r of Ihc :M)fh of August. 

On Saturday, the"^ 30tli of August, I was informed by Major General Pope 
th?lt it was his intention to " break the enemy's left," and that I, with the first 
corps, should hold the centre, Major General Iteuo should take position on my 
right, and General Reynolds on my left. 

The first corps took position behind Groveton, on the right of the Gainesville 
turnpike. My request to have two batteries in reserve behind the centre for 
certain emergencies — one of General Reno's and one of General Reynolds's di- 
vision — was not complied with, although all my batteries were more or less 
worked down, several pieces unserviceable and short of ammunition, and manv 
horses killed or disabled.* After having taken position as ordered, the corps of 
Major General Porter passed between the enemy and our hues, and was foraiing 
ill line of battle on the open field before the first corps and tliat of General Reno, 
masking thereby our whole front. Not understanding the object of this move- 
ment, and being requested by one of the staft' ofiicers of General Porter to give 
my opinion in regard to the ground before us, I immediately rode over to the 
general (Porter) and suggested that, in accordance with the general plan, his 
troops should pass more to the right, join those of General Kearney on our ex- 
treme right, and direct his attack against the enemy's left flank and rear. I also 
informed him that there were too many troops massed in the centre, and that 
General R(;no and myself would take care of the woods in his front. 
• Wliilsi this was going on I received repeated reports that the enemy was 
shifting his troops from the Gainesville turnpike to his right. I therefore 
ordered the 4th New York cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel Nazer, to advance 
in that direction between New Market and Groveton, passing behind our left, 
and to scout the country as far as they could go. I also sent one regiment of 
General Schenck's division to the left of our position, as an outpost to observe 
the enemy's movements. After the lapse of about an hour I received notice 
lliat the caxalry ])ickets liad found the enemy, and that the latter was moving 
against our left. I sent the messeng(>r that brought tliis intelligence to General 
Pope's headquarters. Shortly afterwards 1 received an order by Colonel Rug- 
gles, chief of staft" of General Pope, to occupy the "Bald-headed hill" on my 
left with one brigade, which I did immediately. MeauAvhile General Porter's 



-General Sigel luid several iinjre batteru-s than any other corps, <ind some of them, re- 
ported to be without aminiuiition. I knew bad liei'ii well supplied. The batteries of other 
<;orps ^Yere aivKolntely ni-cdi'ij by tbf-in. 



>^(] REPORT OP MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Iroojjs, wlio had not changed their position, advanced into the woods where we 
had lost a thousand men the day belbre. About tliis time on our left, where 
General Reynolds was posted, the musketry and cannonading began to increase. 
The troops of General Porter had wholly disap])e<'ired in the woods, Avhicli led 
me to believe that the enemy had left his position in front, and that it was the 
intention of General Pope to advance the first corps on the Gainesyille turnpike. 
Suddenly heavy discharges began in front, the corps of Genei'al Porter having 
met the enemy who was advantageously posted behind a well-adaj^ted breast- 
work — the old Manassas Gap railroad track. At the same time the enemy 
opened with shell and solid shot against our centre and left wing. Our batteries 
replied promptly and spiritedly; and from the general appearance of the battle 
it was evident tliat we had the whole army of the enemy before us. 

It was now about 5 p. m., when, awaiting the fiirther development of the bat- 
tle, I received a despatch, through General McDowell, and written by General 
Porter, expressing his doubt as to the final result of his attack, and requesting 
General McDowell to "push Sigel forward." Although I had not received posi- 
tive orders from General Pope, I immediotely made the necessary preparations, 
either to assist General Porter or to resist an attack of the enemy, shonld he 
repel General l^orter and advance against my own position in the centre, by 
directing General Stahel to deploy his brigade in front and General Schurz to 
form his regiments in a line of reserve. Dui'ing the execution of these move- 
ments. General Porter's troops came out of the woods in pretty good order, 
bringing a great number of wounded with tlu'^i. In answer to my question 
wh}' they M'ere retiring after so short a time, they said that " they were out of 
iimmunition." Expecting that the enemy would follow up this retrograde move- 
ment of a whole corps with a strong force, I k('j)t my troops well together to 
meet such an event. 

Thus we stood, when, suddenly, incessant volleys of musketiy betrayed the 
enemy in great force on our left, and showed clearly his real jjlan of attack. 
To assist Colonel McLean's brigade on our left, I directed General ]\Iilroy to 
join his brigade with lliat of Colonel McLean. In executing this order, how- 
eve)-. General JMilroy directed his Iji'igade more to the rear and left than was 
intended by me, so that by this disposition an interval of several hundred paces 
V\'as left between these two bngades by Mhicli the enemy ])(>netrated, attacking 
Colonel McLean's troops in the rear, and compelling them to change their front 
to the left. They thereby partially e\'acuated the position they had occupied 
on the hill. It was at this moment that General Schenck was severely wounded 
.'It the head of his troo])S, whom he had repeatedly led fijrward against the over- 
whelming masses of the enemy. 

When this was the condition of aftairs on our left, General Reynolds, who, at 
the beginning of the battle, had deployed his troo])S in front and to the left of 
Colonel McJ^ean's brigade, changed his position, and withdrew his battery from 
a hill to the left of the Gainesville turnpike near Groveton. The enemy imme- 
diately took possession of the hill, posted a battery there, and spread his infantry 
out over the high and wooded ground before (Colonel McLean's brigade, and on 
the flank and almost in rear of our centre. To dislodge the enemy from his 
new-gained position, I ordered forward three regiments of infantry under Colonel 
Koltes, 'VN'ho, under a terribh; artillery and infantiy fire, boldly advanced against 
the hills, but could not regain the lost ground. 

In this attack I have to regret the loss of the intrepid Colonel Koltes, who 
was killed while executing the movement ordered. His brigade, though nearly 
decimated, succeeded in protecting our ct3ntre and preventing the turning of our 
thmk. 

It was now evident that, to avoid the destruction of our troops from the sweep 
of the enemy's batteries, and as the main attack was now on our left, I ordered 
(ien<'r;d Schur:? to withdraw bis division fr<!m the low "■ronnrl, under cover of 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 87 

our artillery, and take position on the hills near the stone house, one brigade to 
face towards the left. The brigade of General Stiilicl followed this movement, 
and firmed in line of battle on our right. Immediately iu front of this position, 
on a hill to the right (north) of the stone house, I placed a battery of the 4th 
regulars, which I had met on the turnpike. This battery behaved nobly, and 
maintained its position until the last hour. Captain Dilger's battery occupied 
a more advanced position near Groveton, Captain Dickman's was on our left, 
and Captain Schirmer's on our right, with General Stahel's brigade. ^ 

General Milroy, with his brigade, and the assistance of several additional regi- 
ments which he had brought forward, succeeded in repulsing the enemy on the 
left. In this gallant exploit his horse was shot under him. We maintained 
our second position until night had closed in upon us, when General Pope or- 
dered a general retreat. 

Following the troops of Generals Porter and McDowell, my corps crossed 
Young's Branch, where it remained for two hours, until the commands of Gen- 
erals ]\IcDowell, Reno, and Kearney had crossed Bull Run by the ford near the 
stone bridge, and the whole train had passed over the bridge. It was now be- 
tween 9 and 10 p. m. I then marched to the turnpike, crossed the bridge over 
Bull Run, and took position on the left and right of the bridge, throwing my 
pickets out on the other (south) side of the creek towards the battle-field. Soon 
afterwards an officer of General McDowell's staff directed me to fall back, as the 
enemy was threatening the line of retreat. It was now after midnight, when I 
ordered my command to continue its march towards Centreville, first destroying 
the bridge across Bull Run. Our rear guard was composed of part of General 
Schurz's division, two pieces of Captain Dilger's battery, and a detachment of 
Colonel Kane's Bucktail rifles, which had come up with several guns collected 
on their march of retreat. 

I reached Centreville at daybreak on the 31st of August, my command en- 
camping in front of, and occupying the intrenchraents of, that place. 

Our losses during the two days' battle, in killed, Avounded, and missing, ac- 
cording to the official lists sent in, are 92 officers and 1,891 non-commissioned 
officers and privates. 

To be just to the officers and soldiers under my command, I must say that 
they performed their duties, during the different movements and engagements of 
the whole campaign, Avith the greatest promptness, energy, and fortitude. Com- 
manders of divisions and brigades, of regiments and batteries, and the com- 
manders of our small cavalry force, have assisted me, under all circumstances, 
cheerfully and to the utmost of their ability; and so have the commanders of the 
two batteries of Major General Banks's corps, (Captain Romer's and Captain 
Hampton's,) under Major Keefer, attached to me since our arrival at Freeman's 
Ford. 

It also affords me pleasure to mention the faithful services of the members of 
my staff, and of such officers as were detailed to me for special duty. To them, 
as well as to the officers and members of my escort, the pioneer companies, and 
to my scouts, I hereby express my high regard and warmest gratitude. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Commanding Corps. 

Lieutenant Colonel Chauncey McKeever, 

Assistant Adjutant General Defences South of the Potomac. 



88 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Eleventh Corps, Army of the Potomac, 

Near Fort. Be Kalh, September 23, 1862. 
Colonel : I have the honor to submit the following report of the names of 
officers of this command killed, wounded, and missing in the late actions on the 
Rappahannock, and the battles of August 29 and 30. 



FiEST Division. 

First Brignde. 

8th N. York vol. inf. . 

45th N, York vol. inf. 
41st N. York vol. inf. 



Second Brigade 

75th Ohio vol. inf. .. 
73d Ohio vol.inf. ... 



55th Ohio vol. inf 

25th Ohio vol. inf 

Bat. K, 1st Ohio vol. art 

Thied Division 
First Brigade. 



61st Ohio vol. inf - 
73d Pa. vol.inf ... 

74th Pa. vol. inf . . . 

29th N. Y. vol. inf 



Second Brigade. 
75th Pa. vol. inf .. 



Names. 



Wilhelm Welktr. 
William Wolf . 
Jos. Spangeburg . 

Richard Kurz 

Otto Sibeth 

t'liarlcs Voelcker 
Charles Bang 



W. J. Ranue.ls 

Charles W. Triiuble 

.I.e. McKel! 

D. L. Greimer 

Samuel Fellers .^. 



John T. Martin. 



E.H.Miller-. 
L. H. Burkett. 



Joshua Davis 

Daniel S. Brown . . 

Robert Brcimly 

•lolm D. Merriman 
H. B. CV.nip ...... 



Henry Bohleu. 



Kenry Riff 

.laujes Armstrong 

John A. Koltes» 

Aug. Bicnkner . 

Charles A .Kraft 

Louis Walter 

(;haries Bollstetter 

Gollich Hoberg 

FerdrHeck 

Louis Fisher 

T'lenieuts Loest 

Charles Newhaus 

Fried. Zedlitz 

Fried. V. Sehleumbaeh. 

Dietrich Widfert 

AlViert V. Rosenburg . . 
0. V.Salin... .... 

Win. Frolich 

U. Theuno 

Fr. Frumhagen 



1st lieutenant , 

. - do 

C'ptain 

2d lieutenant. 

Captain 

...do 

2d lieutenant. 



2d lieutenant. 

....do 

....do 

....do 



Rank. 



1st lieutenant. 
...do 



2d lieutenant.. 
Captain 



2d lieutenant. 

Captain 

1st lieutenant 

..-.do 

....do 



Brig, general . 

Lieutenant 

.-..do 

Colonel 

Acting major.. 

Captain 

.-..do 

..-.do .. 



1st lieutenant . 
2d lieutenant.. 

. ... do 

Colonel 

Surgeon i.. 

1st lieutenant. 



2d lieutenant.. 

..-.do 

-..do 

1st lieutenant. 

...do 

do 



Remarks. 



Wounded. 

Do. 

Do. 
Killed. 
Wounded. 

Do 

Do 



Captured at Bull Run. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Do. 
Wounded and captured ; 

since paroled. 
Wounded and captured; 

since paroled. 
Wounded. 
Mort'ly wounded; since 

died. 
Missing. 
Wounded. 

Wounded, &a prisoner. 
Wounded. 
Mort'ly wounded; since 

died. 



Killed in action at Free- 
man's Ford, Aug. 22. 
Wounded. 

Do. 
Killed. 

Do. 
Wounded. 

Do. 

Do. 

l)u. 

Do 

Missing. 
VVonndeii. 

Do. 
Ditd at Washington. 

M•i^sing 
Woinrle.l. 

Do 
Missing. 

Killed. 
Wounded. 
Do. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 89 ' 

Names of officers Jcilled, wounded, and musing, Sfc. — Continued. 





Names. 


Rank. 


Remarks. 


75th Pa. vol. iiif 


— Schwartz . . ,. . 


Captain 


Wounded. 






"Wni. Bfiwen 


2d lieutenant.. 


Killed. 






Iiichard Ledig- 


do 


Wounded. 
Killed. 




54thN. Y. vol.inf .... 


E. Haherkorn 


.-..do 






A. Bei'V 


do 


Do. 
Wounded. 






— \V ernuck 


Captain 






— Kempe ... .. 


... do 


Do. 
Do. 






— Steinhardt 


do 






Honrv Rriudt 


Adjntant 


Do. 






— Blaii . 


1st lieutenant. 


Do. 






— Scliirah 


... do.. . 


Do. 
Do. 






G. Hinch 


..-.do........ 






— ErntMurieu 


Captain 


Do. 




58th N. Y. vol. inf.... 


Wni. Kenkel 


Major 


Do 






^lax Schmidt . . . 


1st lieutenant. 
Lieut, colonel. 


Do. 
Do. 




68th N. Y. vol.inf 


J. H. Kleetish 






Ernst 1 )onnei' 


Captain 

... do.. 


Do. 

Do. 






John A. Koberk in 






Franz Buhler 


..-.do 


Do. 






George G. Dahvigk 


...do 


Do. 






Carl V.Tredell 


... do 


Do. 






Max Araelunken 


1st lieutenant. 


Do. 






Arnold Kummei'- 


....do . 


Do. 






A. Schamberg 


2d lieutenant.. 
do 


Do. 
Killed. 






Aug. Von Lindstron 




Infantry Brigade. 










Staff 


Zehuiovi Baird 


Captain 

1st lieutenant. 


Taken prisoner. 
Killed. 




2<i Virginia vol.inf 


H. B. James 






D. A. Jennings 


2d lieutenant.. 


Wounded. 






Thomas E. Day 


.-..do 


Do. 






lames Black 


do 


Taken prisoner. 




3d Virgiuia vol. inf 


David Gibson 


Ca;>tain 


Killed. 






John E. Day 


l.--,t lieutenant . 


Wounded ; since 


died. 




As;i. fjoplin 


....do 


Do 






K. E. Fleming 


2d lieutenant.. 


Do. 






B. ;•■. Lydick 


do 


Do. 






F. W. Thomps(.>u 


Lieut, colonel. 


Do- 




5th Virginia vol. inf. .. 


Wiliiam vSchilling...... 


Lst lieutenant. 


Do. 




8tli Virginia vol. inf 


J. E. Cuitiss 


Captain ..... 


Killed. 




82d Ohio vol.inf 


James Cantwell 


Colonel 


Do. 




Cavah-y Briijude 










4th N. York cavalry 


J'lines "Moore...... 


Lieutenant 

d« 


Do. 
Wounded. 




Thos. H. rhillipson 




i)th N. York cavalry 


Georg(- C. VVooley 


.-.-do 


Taken prisoner. 




Artdlery Reseroe. 










Buell's battalion 


Frank Cuell 


Capta.in 


Killed 
Wounded. 




Detach. 1st Ind. civahj 


HiUiuon Millt-r 


1st lieutenant. 


Do. 





I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Coinmanding. 
Lieutenant Colonel C. McKeever, 

Assistant Adjuta?it General. 



90 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



No. 10. 

LETTER OF GENERAL K. SIGEL, TRANSMITTING SUB-REPORT OF OFFICERS OF 

HIS COMMAND. 

Headquarters Eleventh Corps, Army of the Potomac, 

Near Fort DeKalh, Virginia, September 20, 1862. 

Enclosed please find the following reports : 

Independent Brigade. — Brigadier General Milroy. 

First Division. — First brigade, Brigadier General Stabel; second brigade, 
Colonel McLean; 55tli Ohio volunteer infantry. Colonel Lee; 73d Ohio volun- 
teer infantry. Colonel Smith ; Captain DeBeck's battery, Lieutenant Haskin. 

Second Division — Attached to third division. 

Third Division. — Second brigade, Colonel Krzyzanowski ; commanding offi- 
cer 54th regiment New York volunteer infantry; commanding officer 58th regi- 
ment New York volunteer infantry; commanding officer 29th regiment New 
York volunteer infantry; commanding officer 61st regiment Ohio volunteer 
infantry; commanding officer 73d regiment Pennsylvania volunteer infantry; 
Captain Wiedrich's battery; Captain Dilger's battery, company I, 1st Ohio 
volunteer artillery. 

Cavalry Brigade. — Colonel Beardsley. 

Commanding officer 4th New York cavalry, commanding officer 9th New 
York cavalry, commanding officer 6th Ohio cavalry, commanding officer 1st 
Maryland cavalry. 

The reports of Brigadier General Schurz, commanding third division, and 

Colonel Schimmelpfennig, commanding first brigade, third division, and several 

reports of regiments and batteries not received yet, will be forwarded at once. 

General Schenck being wounded, no report hcis yet been received from him. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Co7nmanding Corps. 
Lieutenant Colonel C. McKeever, 

Assistant Adjutant General Defences Sov.th of the Fotomac. 



No. 11. 



REPORT OF R. H. MILROY. 



Headquarters Independent Brigade, 
Near Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia, Se.plcmher 12, 1862, 

I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of my com- 
mand since the departure from Woodville, Virginia, on August 8, 1862: 

At 9 o'clock p. m., my brigade t;iking the advance of the corps, started in the 
direction of Culpeper, arriving at the place about 5 next morning. At 5 p. m. 
of same day received orders to march immediately in direction of Cedar Moun- 
tain, from which direction heavy firing had been heard all the afternoon. 

I again took the advance. Having marched some three miles, and finding the 
road blocked up by ambulances and stragglers from the battle-field, I started 
ahead with my cavalry detachment, (three companies of the 1st Virginia,) leaving 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 91 

my infantry and artillery to make the best of their way toward the front. Arriving 
about 8 p. m. at the front, and finding everything in confusion, I ordered my 
cavalry into line, under the protection of the woods nearest the enemy, and 
advanced alone to reconnoitre. Fifteen minutes had scarcely elapsed, when a 
battery of the enemy suddenly opened with great precision upon the remnant of 
General Banks's corps posted on my right. The enemy's fire had been directed 
by several large fires burning brilliantly among Banks's batteries. The result 
was a general stampede, artillery, cavalry, and infantry retreating in the great- 
est disorder. 1 endeavored to rally them at first without success, but finally 
succeeded in arresting a battery or two and some cavalry, which I brought back 
to their old position on the road, at the same time throwing my cavalry across 
on the same side. Shortly after one of Banks's batteries, having retreated to a 
safe position, commenced, to the left of .the road and behind lis, responding to 
the enemy's guns, the firing ceasing in about fifteen minutes. 

Meanwhile, fearing that my brigade, two regiments of which had been thrown 
across the road to stop the terrified mass in their headlong retreat,. might be 
delayed too long, I despatched one of my aids to hurry it forward — to push 
before them all of the retreating column possible. They immediately proceeded 
forward, and after much labor 1 succeeded in encamping them, near 2 a. m., in 
the position first selected in the evening. Having posted pickets at a suitable 
distance on our front, I allowed the men to rest on their arms. 

Sunday, IQth. — Still holding position in advance of the corps, I threw for- 
ward a line of skirmishers, with a sufficient support, along my whole front. They 
found the enemy's skirmishers, supported by their whole force, strongly posted 
in the woods about 2,000 yards in frout of us. Here they skirmished until 
about noon, the enemy occasionally firing upon them by companies. Whenever 
this occurred I would send a few shells among them, causing their sudden with- 
drawal. During the afternoon my skirmishers drove the enemy from the woods, 
following them some three-fourths of a mile. About 4 p. m. sent out my cav- 
alry to reconnoitre, and, if possible, to allow the ambulances to bring off some 
of our wounded. In this they were quite successful, bringing off about one 
hundred. The cavalry had in the meanwhile approached within 300 yards of 
the enemy's lines without drawing their fire, and having ascertained their posi- 
tion Avithdrew to our lines. 

On the morning; of the 11th, it bein": determined to take the dead and wounded 
from off the field, I Avas ordered to advance my brigade aiMi cover the ambu- 
lances and working parties. I accordingly sent forward my three companies of 
cavalry, followed by my infantry. The cavalry, upon arriving at the outskirts 
of the wood, halted, finding ahead of them a strong cavalry force under the 
direction of General Bayard. 

I then rode forward, folloAved by several ambulances, which I sent back loaded 
with wounded. About an hour had thus elapsed, when I was informed a flag of 
truce had been sent in by the enemy, and at the same time received a request 
from General Bayard to attend a conference with the rebel General Stuart 
relative to a cessation of hostilities for the purpose of attending to the dead and 
Avounded of both parties. An armistice until 2 o'clock p. m. was finally agreed 
upon, but Avas afterAvards, by mutual consent, extended to the evening. 

A reconnoissance on the morning of the 12th found the enemy had Avithdrawn 
during the night in the direction of the Rapidan river. I followed as rapidly as 
possible as soon as this Avas ascertained, but only succeeded in discovering the 
rear guard of their cavalry in full flight. Having advanced some six miles as 
far as Crooked creek, and finding it impassable on account of previous heavy 
rains, encamped my brigade upon its banks and awaited orders. 

On the morning of the 13th, finding Crooked creek and Robinson's river 
fordable for my cavalry and artillery, I crossed my infantry on slight bridges 
hastily constructed. When about 800 yards south of Robinson's river, I Avas 



92 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

obliged to halt my brigade, with the exception of cavahy, on the banks of a 
narrow and deep creek emptying into Robinson's river. The bottom of this 
creek, where it crossed the road, was composed of mud worn into deep holes, 
thus rendering it impassable for my artillery In the course of two hours I had 
thrown across it a bridge strong enough to sustain my heaviest guns. 

A party of my cavalry had in the meantime reconnoitred as far as Rapidan 
river, some live miles beyond us, reported a small party of the enemy on the 
opposite shore. Having crossed the bridge, I proceeded about a quarter of a 
mile to where I was ordered to halt for the day. 

About 4 p. m., when I was about to post my pickets for the night, I received 
orders to fall back on my original position left in the morning. I accordingly 
withdrew my brigade, with the exception of my cavalry and a section of my 
battery, which I left in a favorable position. 

From the evening of the 13th to the 18th remained in camp on the banks of 
Crooked creek. Nothing of importance occurred during the interval excepting 
the capture, on the IGth, of a lieutenant and three privates of the 2d Virginia 
while on picket by a party of rebel cavalry. At 4 p. m. of the 18th received 
orders to prepare to fall back as far as Sulphur Springs, the enemy being- 
reported as advancing in great force from Richmond. 

I soon had my brigade in readiness, and remained under arms iintil 4 a. m., 
when orders were received to move with my brigade in the rear. General Pope's 
command having required all night to withdraw. ^ 

0.1 the 19th we marched all day, passing through Oulpeper, and encamping 
at midnight about four miles north of that place oi^ the Sulphur Springs road. 

On the 20th at daylight resumed march toward Sulphur Springs, reaching 
there at 5 p. m. without any signs of the enemy in our rear. 

Started on the morning of the 21st, with brigade in advance of corps, in the 
direction of Rappahannock station to re-enforce Banks and McDowell, who had 
thus far prevented the enemy from crossing the river at that point, and found a 
heavy artillery engagement going on. We arrived about noon, and were ordered 
to rest near General Pope's headquarters until a position in the held could be 
assigned me. About 2 p. m. I was ordered to advance toward the river and take 
position on the right of King's division. After advancing about a half mile, my 
brigade was divided, yourself, general, taking two regiments along the road, 
myself moving with the other tv/o through the fields; a small squad of rebel 
cavalry, who had ^een watching our movements from the edge of the woods m 
front of us, fleeing at our approach. 

Upon arriving at the edge of the woods I halted my column and allowed the 
sharpshooters and skirmishers some five minutes in advance. I then started my 
two regiments, crossed the woods about a quarter of a mile in width, and halted, 
finding ourselves on the right of the line of skirmishers then engaged, estab- ' 
lished by General Patrick, of King's division. Remaining here some two hours, 
the enemy making no demonstration, I fell back to the fields in the rear of the 
woods to rest for the night. In the meanwhile you, genei'al, had placed my in- 
fiuitiy and battery in pos^ition near the road on my right. Thus disposed of, we 
rested until the following morning. 

On the morning of the 22d I was early ordered to take the advance in the 
direction ot Freeman's Ford, about one and a half mile in front and to the right 
of us, where the enemy had massed the night previous and were then holding 
the ford. When within a quarter of a mile of the ford, in order to reconnoitre 
and select position, I hurried forward, accompanied by my cavalry, being screened 
in my approach by a long belt of pines bordering on the river. Arriving at the 
edge of the pines I halted my cavalry, and, accompanied by my staff", crossed 
the road and ascended an eminence commanding the ford. Scarcely three 
minutes had elapsed when the enemy opened upon me from two batteries with 
grape and shell. I immediately hurried my cavalry across the road to a safe 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 93 

position, aud ordered my battery, under Captain Johnson, forward on the_ double 
quick. Too much praise cannot be awarded the captain for the promptness and 
skill exhibited in bringing his battery into position. In less than five minutes 
after receipt of the order he had his pieces in action amid a pert^ct shower 
of shot, shell, and canister from three of the rebel batteries, and in ten minutes 
after had silenced their heaviest battery. He continued engaging the enemy 
for about two hours, compelling them to constantly change tlie position of their 
guns, when his ammunition having given out, 1 asked for another battery. 
Captain De Beck's battery, of McLean's brigade, was sent me, he in turn 
being relieved by Captain Euell, of the reserve artillery, in about two hours. 
The enemy ceased tiring about three o'clock p. m. 

jMy infantry, which at the commencement of the action I had placed under 
cover of the woods on either flank of the battery, had suffered but little, some 
two killed and twelve or thirteen wounded by canister and shell. 

About three p. m., wishing to ascertain the cause of the enemy's silence, I 
determined to cross the river, and accordingly sent for my cavalry, numbering 
about one hundred and fifty effective men. I then crossed the ford, sending a 
company of sharpshooters across and deploying them, ordering their advance 
up the hill occupied in the morning by the enemy's batteries ; myself, with my 
cavalry, in the meanwhile going around by the road. Arriving at the summit 
of the hill, I discovered the greater part of the enemy's wagon train, accompanied 
by their rear guard, moving up the river in the direction of Sulphur Springs. 
Their cavalry, upon discovering us, gave the alarm, hurrying off their teams aud 
stragglers in the greatest confusion. I posted a platoon of cavalry as videttes, 
at the same time throwing forward twenty of my sharpshooters, who commenced 
skirmishing with their rear guard. Being merely reconnoitring, and not having 
sufficient force to pursue their trains, I ordered my two remaining companies of 
cavalry into line under protection of the hill. 

The remainder of the company of sharpshooters I deployed as skirmishers, 
ordering them to feel their way into the woods on my left. They had scarcely 
entered the woods when they met the enemy's skirmishers, and, from their 
number and the length of tlieir line, I inferred that they had a large force to 
back them. Shortly after they opened a heavy fire to my left and rear beyond 
the woods I had thrown my skirmishers in, which I afterward learned was the 
attack of the enemy upon Bohlen's brigade, which had crossed the river below 
me. It now being sundown, and not being allowed to bring any force across, 
I returned, my brigade resting for the niglit without changing position. 

At 7 a. m., 23d, received orders to move in the direction of Sulphur Springs, 
my brigade bringing up the rear of the corps. When a short distance en route 
I was directed to take a road on my left, a rougher but shorter route to the 
springs, the main body of the corps having continued on the main road. Upon 
coming into the main road again I found myself in advance of the corps. 

When within a mile of the bridge across Great Run I found our cavalry in 
line of battle bghind the woods. Upon inquiring tlie cause I was informed that 
the enemy were in force at and across the run, and had fired on them. Upon 
this information I passed them with my brigade, and finding the rebel guns in 
position across the creek, I placed my batteiy in a commanding position on this 
side and commenced shelling them, at the same time throwing my infantry into 
the woods, who soon found and opened a brisk fire into the rebel infantry in 
front of them on our side of the creek, my men being exposed from the com- 
mencement to a cross-fire of grape and canister from a masked battery across 
the creek. But notwithstanding all these odds, we soon forced them across the 
creek, and to retire for protection behind their guns. The enemy having torn up 
the bridge, and it now being dark, I encamped my brigade for the night a short 
distance back from the banks of the creek. 

Next morning, 24th, a strong pioneer party having been put to work on the 



94 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

bridge io repair for our artillery to cross, 1 crossed my infantry upon the 
sleepers, not waiting for my cavalry or artillery. I deployed a strong skirmish- 
ing party and was soon on the track of the enemy, who had fallen back during 
the night to their main body which had crossed the river by the bridge at Sul- 
phur Springs, my skirmishers advancing as far as the springs. As soon as my 
infantry appeared on the heights commanding the bridge across Hedgeman 
river, the enemy, who were in position, opened fire from the opposite shore. 
I sent back for my battery and retui-ncd their fire ; the other batteries of the corps 
. soon coming up, a general artillery engagement ensued, which resulted in our 
driving their gunners away, leaving their pieces very temptingly displayed. 
Wishing to take advantage of this unexpected opportunity in securing their guns, 
I had just crossed the bridge Avith one of my regiments (the 5th Virginia,) follow- 
ing close behind, and when nearly in reach of the prize, found myself in a hornets' 
nest. As if by magic, the woods and hills became alive with the enemy ; the 
deserted batteries were suddenly manned, and a semicircle of guns nearly a 
mile around us commenced pouring a steady stream of shell and canister upon 
the bridge. I called to my regiment, Avhich Avas then crossing, to retire, which 
it did in very good order and mpid stylf. Our bntteries immediately responded 
to their fire, thus drawing their attention away from us. In a moment the air 
was perfectly alive with shot and shell, and I took advantage of their elevation 
to join my command. 

At this juncture I received orders to tal^e the advance of the corps in the di- 
rection of Waterloo bridge, six miles above Warrenton Springs. 1 got my 
brigade in motion and arrived at the bridge about 5 p. m. I placed Dickmati's 
battery in position on a commanding eminence on the left of the road and near 
the bridge, immedi;\tely opening fire upon a rebel battery across the river ; at 
the same time throwing my skirmisln^rs down near the bridge, and along the 
bank, where they were soon engaging the rebel skirmishers. Thus matters 
stood when darkness partially put an end to the firing, but the enemy opened 
on us furiously several times during the night with small arms, which was 
promptly replied to. 

On the morning of the 25th the batteries on both sides opened again and con- 
tinued through the day without serious loss to us. About 3 p. m. I received 
orders to burn the bridge at once at all hazards, and to this end brought forward 
my four regiments of infantry to engage the enemy's infantry concealed in the 
woods near the bridge on the opposite bank. 

By keeping up a steady artillery and infantry fire I succeeded in covering a 
party firing the bridge, which being of heavy oak, burned but slowly, and it 
was not till dark that the bridge was entirely consumed. We then received or- 
ders to mafch to Warrenton, my brigade to bring up the rear of the corps. We 
left about 9 p. m. and arrived at Warrenton next morning at daylight. Here 
we remained in camp until the morning of the 27th, when we received orders to 
take the advance in the direction of Gainesville. 

My cavalry, upon arriving at Broad Run, within four miles of Gainesville, 
firund the bridge on fire, and the rebel cavalry with one piece of artillery drawn 
up on the opposite side. Major Krepps, commanding my cavalry detachment, 
immediately ordered a charge, and after two successive charges succeeded in 
putting them to flight. By this time my infantry had arrived, and I set the 
pioneer corps to work repairing the bridge, which was executed with such 
promptness that in fifteen minutes after we were enabled to cross our artillery. 
Meanwhile I had pushed ahead Avith my cavalry and infantry in the direction 
of Gainesville. When within two miles of Gainesville I sent a platoon of cav- 
alry with a regiment of infantry and a section of my battery to hold the road 
leading to Haymarket Station. With the rest of the brigade I continued on 
the main road, and upon approaching Gainesville found we had interce23ted 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 95 

Lougstreet from joining Jackson, Ewell, and Hill, who had just passed up the 
railroad toward Manaegas Junction. 

At Gainesville we took s >me 200 prisoners, stragglers from Jackson's army. 
I here received orders to halt my brigade for the night. 

Next morning. 28th, took the advance toward Manassas Junction, arriving 
within a mile of the junction at noon. 1 halted to await further orders. I 
accordingly turned my iidantry aside into the shade of the woods, and sent my 
artillery ahead as far as the junction, there being no water for them nearer. 
Upon visiting the railroad station at the junction I found an immense amount 
of government stores in cars, which were yet burning, having been set on fire 
by the rebels the night previous, after having helped themselves to all they 
could carry off. At 3 p. m. I received orders to join the oalance of the corps 
then marching in the direction of New IMarket. I accordingly moved across 
tlie country, and soon overtook them. After marching about an hour, skirmish- 
ing commenced in front. I was ordered to go forward and take position on 
Schenck's left, and pressed forward through the woods and underbrush in the 
direction of the rebel firing, which seemed to recede as I advanced. It finally 
grew dark, but I pushed forward in the direction of the firing, which had grad- 
ually grown into the thunder of a desperate battle. It becoming so dark, and 
the nature of the ground not admitting of my battery being pushed forward, I 
left it in charge of two companies of infantry, and started forward with my four 
regiments in the direction of the heavy firing, which suddenly ceased with great 
shouting, indicating, as we judged, a victory by the rebels. It being now 9 
o'clock, and the darkness rendering the recognition of friend or foe impossible, 
I withdrew to my battery, which was on a line with the front of the corps, then 
fully a mile in my rear, resting my brigade here for the night. 

On the following mornhig (the 29th) at daylight, I was ordered to proceed 
in search of the rebels, and had not proceeded more than 500 yards when we Avere 
greeted by a few straggling shots from the woods in front. We were now at 
the creek, and I had just sent forward my skirmishers when I received orders 
to halt, and let the men have breakfi^st. While they were cooking, myself, ac- 
companied by General Schenck, rode up to the top of an eminence, some 500 
yards to the front to reconnoitre. We had no sooner reached the top than we 
were greeted by a shower of musket-balls from the woods on our right. I im- 
mediately ordered up my battery and gave the bushwhackers a few shot and 
shell, which soon cleared the woods. Soon after, I discovered the enemy in 
great force about three-quarters of a mile in front of us, upon our right of the 
pike leading from Gainesville to Alexandria ; I brought up my two batteries and 
opened upon them, causing them to fall back, I then moved forward my bri- 
gade, with skirmishers deployed, and continued to advance my regiments, the 
enemy falling back. 

General Schenck's division was off to my left, and that of General Schurz to 
my right. After passing a piece of woods I turned to the right, where the rebels 
had a battery that gave us a great deal of trouble. I brought forward one of 
my batteries to reply to it, and soon after heard a tremendous fire of small arms, 
and knew that General Schurz was hotly engaged to my right in an extensive 
forest. I sent tAvo of my regiments, the 82d Ohio, Colonel Cantwell, and the 
5th Virginia, Colonel Zeigler, to General Schurz's assistance. They were to 
attack the enemy's right flank, and I held my other two regiments in reserve 
for a time. The two regiments sent to Schurz were soon hotly engaged, the 
enemy being behind a railroad embankment, which afforded them an excellent 
breastwork. 

The railroad had to be approached from the cleared ground on our side, 
through a strip of thick timber from 100 to 500 yards in width. I had intended, 
with the two regiments held in reserve, the 2d and 3d Virginia regiments, to 
charge the rebel battery, which was but a short distance from us over the top 



96 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

of a bill to our left; but while making my arrangements to do this, I observed 
that my two regiments engaged were being driven back out of the woods by the 
terrible fire of the rebels. 

I then saw the brave Colonels Gautwell and Zeigler struggling to rally their 
broken regiments, on the rear of the forest out of which they had been driven, 
and sent two of my aids to assist them, and assure them of immediate support. 
They soon rallied their men and charged again and again, but were driven back 
each time with gi-eat loss. I then sent the 2d Virginia to their support, direct- 
ing it to approach the railroad at the point ou the left of my other regiments, 
where the woods ended, but they were met by such a destructive fire from a 
large rebel force, that they were soon thrown into confusion and fell back iu 
disorder. The enemy now came oti in overwhelming numbers. General Carl 
Schurz had been obliged to retire with his two brigades an hour before. And 
then the whole rebel force was turned against my brigade, and my brave lads 
were dashed back before the storm of bullets like chaff before the tempest. 

I then ordered my reserve battery into position a short distance in the rear, 
and when five guns had got into position one of the wheel horses was shot dead; 
but I ordered it to unlimber where they were, and the six guns mowed the 
rebels Avith grape and canister with fine effect. My reserve regiment, the 3d 
Virginia, now opened with telling effect. 

Colonel Cautwell, of the 82d Ohio, was shot through the brain and instantly 
killed while trying to rally his regiment during the thickest of the fight. 

While the storm was raging the fiercest. General Stahel came to me and re- 
ported that he had been sent by General Schenck to support me, and inquired 
where he should place his brigade. I told him on my left and help support 
my battery. He then returned to his brigade, and, soon after being attacked from 
another quarter, I did not again see him during the day. I was then left wholly 
unsupported, except by a portion of a Pennsylvania regiment, which I found on 
the field and stood by me bravely during the- next hour or two. I then rallied 
my reserved regiment and broken fragments in the woods near my battery, and 
sent out a strong party of skirmishers to keep the enemy at bay, while another 
party went forward without arms to get off as many of our dead and wounded 
as possible. " I maintained my ground, skirmishing and occasionally firing by 
battalion during the greater part of the afternoon. 

Toward evening General Grover came up with his New England brigade. I 
saw him forming a line to attack the rebel stronghold iu the same place I had 
been all day and advised him to form line more to the left and charge bayonets 
on arriving at the railroad track, which his brigade executed with such telling 
effect as to drive the rebels in clouds before their bayonets. Meanwhile I had 
gathered the remnant of my brigade, ready to take advantage of any opportu- 
nity to assist him. I soon discovered a large number of rebels fleeing before 
the left flank of Grover's brigade. They passed over an open space some five hun- 
dred yards in width in front of my reserved regiment, which 1 ordered to fire on 
them, which they did, accelerating their speed and discomfiture so much that I 
ordered a charge. My regiment immediately dashed out of the woods we were 
in, down across the meadows in front of us after the retreating foe, but before 
their amving at the other side of the meadow the retreating column received a 
. heavy support from the railroad below them, and soon, rallying, came surging 
back driving before their immense columns Grover's brigade and my handful 
of men. 

An hour before the charge 1 had sent one of my aids back after a fresh bat- 
tery — the ammunition of both my batteries having given out — which, arriving 
as our boys were being driven back, I immediately ordered them into position, 
and commenced pouring a steady fire of grape and canister into the advancing 
columns of the enemy. The first discharge discomposed them a little, but the 
mmeuse surging mass behind pressed them ou. I held on until they were 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 97 

withiij a hundred yards of us, and having but a handful of men to support the 
battery, ordered it to retu-e, which was executed with the loss of one gun. 

I then rallied the shattered remnant of my brigade, which had been rallied 
by my aides and its officers, and encamped some three-quarters of a mile to the 
rear. 

The next morning, 30th, I brought my brigade iijto the position assigned 
them, and remained in reserve until about 4 p. m., when I threw it across the 
road to stop the retreating masses, which had been driven back from the front. 

I soon received an order to move my brigade off to the left on double quick, 
the enemy having massed their troops during the day in order to turn our left 
flank. 

I formed line of battle along the road, my left resting near the edge of the 
woods in which the battle was raging. Soon oixr troops came rushing, panic- 
stricken, out of the woods, leaving my brigade to face the enemy, who followed 
the retreating masses to the edge of the woods. The road in which my brigade 
was formed was worn and Avashed from three to five feet deep, aftbrding a 
splendid cover for my men. My boys opened fire on them at short range, 
driving the rebels back to a respectful distance. But the enemy, being con- 
stantly re -enforced from the masses in their rear, came on again and again, 
pouring in advance a perfect hurricane -of balls, which had but little efiect on 
my men, who were so well protected in their road intrenchment. But the 
steady fire of my brigade, together with that of a splendid brass battery ou 
higher ground in my rear, which I ordered to fire rapidly with canister over 
the heads of my men, had a most withering effect upon the rebels, whose columns 
melted away and fast recoiled from repeated efforts to advance upon my road 
breastwork from the woods. But the fire of the enemy, which had afi'ected my 
men so little, told with destructive results on the exposed battery in their rear, 
and it required a watchful effort to hold them to their effective work. My horse 
was shot in the head by a musket ball while in the midst of the battery cheer- 
ing ou the men. I got another ; and soon after observing the troops on my left 
giving way in confusion before the rebel fire, I hastened to assist in rallying 
them, and while engaged in this, the battery took advantage of my absence and 
withdi'ew. I had sent one of my aides shortly before to the rear for fresh troops 
to support this part of our line, where the persistent efforts of the rebels showed 
they had determined to break through. A fine regiment of regulars was sent, 
which was formed in the rear of my brigade, near the position the battery had 
occupied. The rebels came around the forest in columns to our right and front, 
but the splendid firing of the regulars, with that of my brigade, thinned their 
ranks so rapidly that they were thrown back in confusion upon every attempt 
made. About this time, when the battle raged thickest. Lieutenant Estie and 
Lieutenant Niles, of General Schenck's staff, reported to me for duty, informing 
me that General Schenck had been seriously wounded, and his command thrown 
back from the field. Most thankfully was their valuable assistance accepted, 
and most gallantly and efficiently did they assist me on that most sanguine field 
until S o'clock at night, in bringing up regiments, brigades and batteries, cheer- 
ing them on to action, and in rallying them when driven back before the furious 
fire of the enemy. 

Shortly after sunset my own brigade had entirely exhausted their ammuni- 
tion, and it being considerd unsafe to bring forward the ammunition wagons, 
where the enemy's shells were constantly flying and exploding, and the enemy 
Laving entirely ceased their efforts to break through this part of the line, and 
had thrown the weight of their attack still further to my left, I orderd my 
brigade back some one-half of a mile to replenish their ammunition boxes, and 
there await further orders. I remained on the field with Lieutenants Estie and 
Niles, my own having been sent to see to my regiments. The enemy continued 
their attacks upon our left until long after dark, which it required the most de 
H. Ex. Doc. 81 7 



98 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

termined and energetic efforts to repel. At one time, not receiving assistance 
from the rear, as I had a right to expect, after having sent for it, and onr strug- 
gling battalions being neai-ly overcome by the weight and persistence of the 
enemy's attack, I flew back about one-half mile, to where I understood General 
McDowell was with a large portion of his corps. 1 found him and appealed to 
him in the most urgent .manner to send a brigade forward at once to save the 
day, or all would be lost. He answered coldly, in substance, that it was not his 
business to help everybody, and he was not going to help General Sigei. I 
told him 1 was not lighting with Genei-al Sigel's corps ; that my brigade had 
got out of ammunition some time before, and gone to the rear, and that I had 
been iightiiig with a half dozen different brigades, and that I had not inquired 
where or to what particular corps they belonged He inquired of one of his 

aides if General was fighting over there on the left ; he answered he 

thought he was. McDowell replied that he would send him help, for he was a 
good fellow. He then gave the order for a brigade to start, which was all I 
desired. I dashed in front of them, waved my sword, and cheered them for- 
ward. They raised the cheer, and came on at double quick. I soon led them 
to where they were most needed, and the gallant manner in which they entered 
the fight, and the rapidity of their fire, soon turned the tide of battle. But this 
gallant brigade, like many others which had preceded it, found the enemy too 
strong as they advanced into the forest, and was forced back by the tremen- 
dous fire that met them. But one of General Burnside's veteran brigades coming 
up soon after dark Avith a battery, again dashed back the tide of armed treason, 
and sent such a tempest of shot, shell, and leaden death into the dark forrest 
after the rebels that they did not again renew the attack. 

Perhaps some mighty cheering which I got our boys to send up about that 
time induced the rebels to believe that we had received such re-enfbrcements as 
to make any further meddling with our lines a rather unhealthy business ; feel- 
ing certain that the rebels had been completely checked and defeated in their 
attempts to flank us and drive us from the field, and that we could now securely 
hold it until morning, by which time we could rally our scattered forces, and 
bring up sufiicient fresh troops to enable us to gain a complete victory on the 
morrow. I felt certain that the rebels had put forth their mightiest efforts, and 
were greatly cut up and crippled ; I therefore determined to look up my little 
brigade and bring it forward into position, when we would be ready in the morn- 
ing to renew the contest, and renew the great, glorious drama of the war. I 
left the field about 8 o'clock p. m. in possession of our gallant boys, and Vinih 
Lieutenants Estie and Niles started back in the darkness, and was greatly sur- 
prised, upon coming to where I expected to find my brigade, with thousands of 
other troops, to find none. 1 kept on half a mile further, in painful, bewilder- 
ing doubt and uncertainty, when I found you, general, and first learned from 
you, with agonizing surprise, that our whole army had been ordered to retreat 
back across Bull Run to Centreville. 

Comment is unnecessary. I felt that all the blood, treasure, and labor of our 
government and people for the last year had been thrown away by that un- 
fortunate order, and that most probably the death-knell of our glorious govern- 
ment had been sounded by it. The highest praise I can award to the officers 
and soldiers of my brigade, in all the hard service and fighting throiigh which 
we have passed, is, that they have bravely, cheerfully, patiently, and nobly 
performed their duty. Colonels Cantwell, of the 82d Ohio, and Zeigler, of the 
5th Virginia, deserve particular mention for their coolness and braveiy in the 
long and desperate fight of the 29tli with the rebels at the railroad. In the 
death of Colonel Cantwell the country, as well as his family, have sustained an 
irreparable loss. No braver man or truer patriot ever lived. He constantly 
studied the best interests of his soldiers and of the country, and his men loved. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 99 

obeyed, and respected him as a father. Truly the loss of such an officer in 
these trying times is a great calamity. * 

I avail myself of this opportunity to return my thanks to the members of my 
staff — Captains Baird, Flesher, and McDonald, and Lieutenants Cravens and 
Hopper — for their promptness, bravery, and efficiency in the transmission and 
execution of orders. Captain Baird, unfortunately, in. attempting to retui-n to 
me on the field on the evening of the 30th, after dark, in company with one of 
my orderlies — Corporal Wilson, company C, 1st Virginia cavalry — took a wrong 
path, which led into the enemy's lines, and they were both captured, and are 
still prisoners. My brigade surgeon, too — Major Daniel Meeker — is always at 
his post, whether in field of danger, camp, or hospital. His superior science, 
skill, and patient industry have proved the greatest blessing to onr sick and 
wounded soldiers. 

Lists of my killed, wounded, and missing have been sent you. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

fi. H. MILROY, 
brigadier General, Commanding Independent 

Brigade, 1st Corps Army erf Virginia. 
Major T. A. Mevsenburg, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. 12. 
REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL J. STAHEL. 

Headquarters of First Division op First Army Corps of Virginia, 

ISIear CentreviUe, Septemher 1, 1862. 

Sir: I herewith have the honor to submit to you the report concerning the 
active participation of the 1st brigade, 1st division, at the battle on the 29th and 
30th of August. 

On the 28th of August, at about dark, I arrived near Robinson's farm and 
planted Schirmer's battery on the right near the farm, directing its fire into a 
wood on the right beside the road, as, at the time, heavy infantry fight took 
place in front of me on the Warrenton turnpike. With the increasing darkness 
the fire of the battery ceased, and I marched my brigade, which had been in 
position behind the farm, towards a hill on the left of the farm, where the brigade 
remained over night, extending its pickets to Young's branch. With break of 
day, on the 29th, I followed the 2d brigade, 1st division, marching to Dogan's 
farm, and took position behind the farm. I remained here but a short time, 
when I received the order to advance on the Warrenton turnpike beyond Grove- 
ton. Having advanced about one mile, I received the order to take position on 
the left of the road, resting with my right wing of the brigade on the road, and 
with my left wing on the 2d brigade. Here I found a number of dead and 
wounded soldiers from McDowell's corps from the preceding evening, and I had 
all the possible medical assistance bestoAved upon them. Having remained here 
half an hour, a heavy skirmish took place to our right, and General Milroy sent 
to Brigadier General Schenck, commanding 1st division, for support. In order 
to sxapport General Milroy, I left said position and followed the course shown 
to me by General Milroy's orderly. Arriving at Young's branch with ray brigade, 
I reported myself to General Milroy and took my brigade to the left of Milroy's, 
along Young's branch, where I could prevent the enemy from breaking our 
lines, and be ready at any time to render assistance to General Milroy. Here 
I had but little cover for my troops and was very much exposed to the cross fire 
of the enemy's artillery, in consequence whereof I sustained a loss of several 



100 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

dead and wounded. During these proceedings one of General Stevens's batteries 
and two regiments were placed behind Groveton's farm to operate against the 
enemy's batteries. As soon as the battery commenced firing, thei-eby fully 
governing all the open ground on the right of the turnpike, and, with the assist- 
ance of the two regiments, making it impossible for the enemy to break through 
at this point, I received orders from General Schenck to take my brigade through 
a small defile to the left of the tiu'npike, on the left 'of Groveton's farm, taking 
position on the borders of the woods, resting my right wing on the turnpike, and 
the 2d brigade joining on the left. Placing the Sth and 27th regiments in front, 
the 45th and 41st regiments in reserve, and two pieces of the mountain howitzer 
battery on the left wing of my brigade, the skirmishers in front of the brigade on 
a small hill and in Groveton's farm. The enemy kept up a lively artillery fire 
upon General Stevens's battery planted on our right wing, about 200 paces to 
the rear, and also upon the woods occupied by us, while the enemy's skirmishers, 
trying to advance on the road, were warmly received by ours ; and as they threw 
themselves in stronger force against the skirmishers of the Sth regiment, they 
were received ou the top of the hill by a volley of the Sth regiment, whereupon 
they fell back and ceased firing. As the" right wing seemed to have retreated, 
the brigade received the order at about 4 o'clock to move back slowly on the 
left of the road, and to take position on the chain of hills to the left of Dogan's 
farm. Having been here but a short time, I received further orders to encamp 
behind Dogan's farm; in consequence thereof, I marched there, crossing Young's 
branch and the turnpike, took camp behind the 2d brigade, where we remained 
over night. 

On the 30th of August the 1st In-igade remained in position in its camp, about 
400 paces behind Dogan's farm, up to 1 o'clock p. m., till I received orders from 
Major General Sigel to take positioii on the crescent of the hill by the side of Do- 
gan's farm. On the crescent itself Iplaced, besides two batteries already planted 
there, Schirmer's battery, and behind the batteries the 45th, 27th, and Sth regi- 
ments of my brigade, in the following order : adjoining the farm, the 45th; on 
the right of it, the 27th ; and on the right of this, the Sth regiment, while the 
41st regiment was posted on the left of the road. The fight began in the vicinity 
of Groveton's farm and to the left of it very lively ; also, I saw the troops that 
occupied the heights to my left flill back. The 41st regiment was now ordered 
in support on the left wing, and later the whole of Colonel Colt's brigade. The 
41st regiment was here attacked by a strong force of the enemy, defending itself 
with the greatest bravery, and yielded at last only to greatly superior numbers, 
after having already been flanked on its left, and having sustained a considerable 
loss of wounded and killed. Still the enemy pressed forward on our left, taking 
hill after hill, until he had arrived on the road leading from New Market to the 
Stone House. 

While the enemy had taken possession of the heights opposite Dogan's fiirm, 
I received . orders, through Major Meysenburg, assistant adjutant general, to 
take position further. In consequence thereof, I marched the Sth and 27th 
regiments further to their rear, and left the 45th regiment as protection to the 
batteries of Major General Hooker. Schirmer's battery now took position on 
the east side of Dogan's farm, directing its fire upon the opposite deploying 
column of the enemy's advance from the front. 

The 45th regiment then took position between the turnpike and Dogan's farm, 
and has driven the enemy, who attacked from the left flank, back across Young's 
branch. Towards 6 o'clock the batteries left their position, while the enemy 
was fired izpon by a battery from on the heights behind the Stone House. Now 
I ordered the 45th regiment back, taking the road across the heights behind the 
Stone House, where the 45th regiment, as also the 41st regiment have joined 
the brigade, where the brigade made another stand, and was shortly afterwards 
joined by Colonel McLean's brigade. Here I learned that General Schenck 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. lOl 

was woixnded, in consequence whereof I took command of tlie division, trans- 
ferring the command of the 1st brigade to Colonel Buschbeck. Having taken 
with the division a position, I ordered that all troops which came back, belong- 
ing to different commands, to rally behind the division, and reported myself to 
Major General Sigel, remaining with him till we arrived next morning at Cen- 
treville. 

It affords me the greatest pleasure to be able to report that the regiments of 
the 1st brigade, as well as Schirmer's battery, under the command of First Lieu- 
tenant Bloom, on both days, fought with the greatest bravery and gallantry. 
To enumerate all those who distinguished themselves in the battle of the last 
two days is impossible, but I cannot omit to mention, with great approbation, 
the gallantry displayed by the following field-officers : Colonel Buschbeck, of 
the 27th Pennsylvania volunteers ; Lieutenant Colonel Cantador, of the 27th 
Pennsylvania volunteers ; Lieutenant Colonel Tkatislaw, commanding 45th New 
York State volunteers ; Lieutenant Colonel Holmstedt, commanding 41st New 
York State volunteers ; Major Von Einsiede, 41st New York State volunteers; 
Lieutenant Colonel Hedterich, commanding 8th New York State volunteers ; 
Major Pokorny, 8th New York State volunteers. 

I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

JUL. STAHEL, Brigadier General. 

Major T. A. Mevsenburg, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. 13. 

REPORT OF COLONEL N. C. McLEAN, COMMANDING BRIGADE. 

Heauquarters Second Brigade, First Divisioiv. 

Camp at Centreville, September 1, 1862. 

General: I have the honor to report, so far as concerning the active par- 
ticipation of the second brigade in the battle of Augiast 30, as follows : 

The brigade had been placed in position on the evening of August 29, with 
the left resting on the Wan-enton road, and remained there until the afternoon 
of August 30, when, by order, I detailed the ooth Ohio regiment to occupy a 
position on the left of the Warrenton road, which was pointed out to Colonel 
Lee by an aid, of General Sigel, the object of which was to keep iip a connexion 
with General Reynolds on my left. A short time after this General Sigel re- 
ceived an order, in my presence, from General Pope, delivered by Colonel Bug- 
gies, to place a battery with a brigade on a bald hill to my left, so as to sustain 
d-eneral Reynolds, and I was immediately ordered by General Sigel to that 
position with a battery of four pieces of artillery and the 2d brigade. The 
order was executed by placing the battery with the three remaining regiments 
of the brigade, the 73d Ohio, the 25th Ohio, and the 75th Ohio, in the position 
indicated, so as to sustain General Reynolds, who then with his right wing joined 
my left. Soon after I had taken this position, much to my surprise General 
Reynolds put his troops in motion and marched entirely past and across my front 
to the right, to what point I am not informed. Finding that this movement had 
entirely exposed my left flank, I immediately changed the position of my troops, 
and deployed in line of battle the 73d and 25th Ohio regiments, fronting the ^ 
west end to the left of the battery, and the 75th and 55th Ohio, then returned 



102 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAI- POPE. 

from its former position, ou the right of the battery ; thus making my line of 
battle fronting the west, with the battery in the centre and two regiments on 
each side. I could by this time see the enemy advancing on my front and a 
little to the right, driving before them a regiment of zouaves. They came on 
rapidly, when some troops advanced to meet them from behind a hill on my 
right ; these troops were also driven back in confusion, and as soon as they got 
out of the way I opened upon the enemy with the four pieces of artillery, throw- 
ing first shell, and, as they approached nearer, canister; I also commenced a 
heavy fire with infantry, and in a short time the enemy retreated in great con- 
fusion. During this time my attention had been called to a body of troops 
advancing towards my position in the rear of my left flank, and supposing them 
to be enemies I gave the order to turn two pieces of artillery upon them, but 
countermanded it upon the assurance of some one who professed to know the 
fact that they were our own troops, and I readily believed this as their clothing 
was dark, and then rested easy, thinking re-enforcements were coming to take 
position on my left and occupy the place vacated by General Reynolds. I then 
turned my exclusive attention to the enemy on my front. Soon after this a 
heavy force of the enemy, much superior to my own, marched out of the woods 
across the posititon formerly occupied by General Reynolds in front of my left 
flank, and swept around so as to come in heavy force both on the front and flank 
of my left wing. This force opened a heavy fire upon the 73d Ohio, and the 
next moment the troops in my rear, supposed to be friends, also opened fire with 
musketry and artillery. Overpowered by such superiority in numbers, after a 
short time the 73d and 25th fell back over the crest of the hill, but were still 
exposed to the fire from both columns of the enemy. I immediately, when this 
attack Avas made, gave the order to change front so as to repel it if possible, but 
the retreat of the battery at this moment interfered somewhat with the move- 
ment, as it passed through the 75th in its retreat. The 55th on my right flank, 
at the command, wheeled by battalion to the left and came up into line fronting 
the enemy in fine order, and the other regiments speedily formed on his left, 
and delivered such a heavy and continuous fire that in a short time the enemy 
ceased to advance and commenced to fall back ; my men followed with cheers, 
driving the enemy back rapidly, and would have cleared them from the field but 
for the fact that the forces i^crmitted to approach our rear had got into such a 
position as to rake us with grape, canister, and musketxy, whilst we were at- 
tacked severely in front. Under all this, however, my brigade retained the hill 
until I, myself, gave the order to fall back slowly ; this order was given with 
great reluctance, and only when my attention was called to a heavy force of the 
enemy approaching to attack us on our then right flank, but fonner front. I 
saw that it would but destroy my whole command to await that attack, and 
therefore gave the order under which we left the hill. During the course of the 
action General Schenck, with several regiments, came to my aid, but not until 
I had changed front. He greatly aided me by his gallant conduct in rallying 
and cheering on the men until he received the wound which drove him from the 
field. The loss is smaller than I supposed, under the circumstances, it could* 
possibly be, and I will make a full return upon this point Avhen the particulars 
are fully ascertained. Both officers and men, with few exceptions, behaved 
with great gallantry-, and had such support been given me as to protect my rear 
from the terrible attack made upon me from that quarter, I could have continuied 
to drive the enemy and successfully resisted his attack. 

It is impossible in this report to mention the names of all those who distin- 
guished themselves for gallantry, but I cannot refrain from noticing, with great 
approbation, the great coolness and gallantry displayed by the commanders of 
the four regiments of the brigade. Colonel Smith, 73d Ohio; Colonel Lee, 55th 



KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 103 

Ohio; Colonel Richardson, 25th Ohio ; and Major Reily, 75th Ohio, during the 
whole engagement. My own horse was killed under me during the hottest of 
the fire. 

N. c. McLean, 

Colonel ComvKinding 2d Brigade, \st Division, 

1st Army Corps, Army of Virginia. 
Brigadier General Stahel, 

Commanding \st Division, 1st Corps, Army of Virginia. 



Headquarters Second Brigade, First Division, 

Camp at Upton Hill, September 17, 1862. 

General : I have the honor to report that late on the afternoon of the 28th 
of August I came up with the rear of the enemy near Bull Run. After we 
had reached the hill, which commanded a view of the country around, the 
enemy placed a battery on another hill at some distance, and appeared to be 
firing at some troops not in our corps. I immediately placed De Beck's battery 
in position on a hill to the left, and further in advance, from which we shelled 
the battery of the enemy until it retired. This closed the firing on our part for 
the night. On the next day, 29th August, we were, at an early hour, marched 
forward in line of battle, on the extreme left, towards the enemy, with whom 
we were only engaged by our skii-mishers. During the whole day we were 
in line of battle, and often exposed to fire from the artillery of the enemy, but 
otherwise we were not actively engaged ; our position was frequ^tly changed ; 
sometimes advancing, and sometimes retiring, and expecting momentarily an 
attack. At one time the division of General Reynolds took position on my left, 
and advanced a little beyond my front line ; but in a short time General Meade 
informed me that he had placed a battery which he had been compelled to 
withdraw on account of the superior force in artillery Avhich had been brought 
against it, and that the enemy were marching around on our left in such heavy 
force that he had decided to fall back immediately, and he then marched the 
troops which had been a little in advance on my left to some point in my rear. 
I reported the facts to General Schenck, and he then ordered me to fall back a 
short distance to another position, which was accordingly done. We remained 
here imtil near night, when we were placed in the position we occupied until 
the afternoon of the 30th. The particulars of the battle on that day I have 
already reported to you. On the night of the 29th we had an alarm which 
caused me to turn out the brigade and advance them in line of battle a little 
in advance of our camping ground, and over the crest of the hill upon which 
our batteries in reserve had been placed in the afternoon. After remaining 
under arms some two hours, we again returned to camp. 
Respectfully, 

N. c. McLean, 

Colonel Commanding 2d Brigade, 1st Division. 
Major General Sigel, 

Commanding 1st Army Corps. 



No. 14. 

REPORT OF COLONEL J. C LEE, FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters Fifty-fifth Regiment Ohio Vol. Infantry, 

Camp L^ Anglaise, September 3, 1862. 

I have, sir, in obedience to orders, to report of the 55th regiment Ohio 
volunteer infantry since its arrival at Rappahannock Station, 21st ultimo, as 
follows : 



104 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

From the 21st to the 29th, inclusive, the regiment was constantly on duty 
with the brigade, but not actively engaged with the enemy at any time. On 
the 29th it was much of the day under lire of the enemy's artillery, with serious 
injury to no one, but with some bruises to several. 

On Saturday, the 30th, about 12 m., my regiment was separated from the 
brigade by order of Colonel McLean, and posted as a vidette between (as I sup- 
posed) the left of General Schenck's division and the right of General Reynolds, 
who formed the right of General McDowell's line. My position was assigned 
me by a member of General Sigel's staff, with instructions as above stated. 
This .position was to the left of Centreville pike, about one hundred rods, the 
brigade being close to and on the right-hand side. I found a battery on the 
first ridge on the left and in front of me, and a regiment of infantry to the left 
and rear of the battery, from me distant 50 rods, with the battalion massed 
in column, by division, on the eastern slope of the ridge, to protect it from the 
frequent solid shot of the enemy's artillery. I remained until nearly 3 o'clock 
p. m. The battalion of infantry then moved to the left and rear, behind the 
woods on the left, but without communicating with me. Almost simultaneously 
I saw several battalions of infantry pass by the flank eastwardly, and to the 
rear of my position, along the north side of this piece of woods. Musketry was 
also heard on the south and west side of the woods. I at once despatched 
Captain Gamber, Avith this information, to Colonel McLean, Avho had moved the 
balance of the brigade to the ridge in my rear. I also rode rapidly to the 
retreating forces above mentioned, but could learn nothing more than that the 
/ enemy was in the road and advancing. The balls from the enemy's musketry, 
yet unseen, b«gan to fall upon us. By order, column Avas rapidly deployed to 
the left, and the battalion advanced rapidly forAvard toward the crest of the hill ; 
but, at the same time, there came over the hill, and passing numerously in our 
front federal soldiers, driven by the adA^ancing enemy. With this mass pressing 
against us it AA^as impossible to fire, and, being Avholly unsupported, the 
battalion was faced by the rear rank, and moved rapidly over to the ridge 
behind us, Avhen Ave reformed on the right of the 75th, under Colonel McLean's 
orders. In this position we fired upon the enemy, Avho had fully gained the 
top of the ridge Ave had left, and from it he fell back. The enemy appearing 
upon our left flank, the battalion Avas wheeled to the left, at the same time de- 
livering a destriictive fire. An advance Avas made, and the enemy held at bay 
for some time, when he fell back, slowly at first, but soon rapidly, into the 
woods. Their flag fdl three times. At this the battalion advanced with enthu- 
siastic cheers. The colors were often pierced, but kept up and unfurled. Al- 
though the enemy had disappeared from our ncAv front, he appeared in oA'erAvhelm- 
ing numbers upon our new left and new right flanks, and Avith re-enforcements 
upon our fi-ont. Thus engaged, the fighting continued until Colonel McLean 
ordered a AvithdraAval from the field. With the colors we came off, leaving upon 
the field dead and Avounded, and losing, as prisoners, in numbers as shown in 
tabular statement hercAvith submitted. 

Of the first deployment into line, the falling back to the brigade, the reforming 
and the change of front, all under a murderous fire of au overwhelming force, I 
must say that it reflects much credit upon both men and company oflicers. In 
justice, I cannot distinguish between officers or soldiers for good behavior; all 
brave and true. 

Owing to meagre transportation for the sick, some Avere picked up by the 
enemy in the wake of our several marches, as appears by statement hereAvith 
submitted. 

I have the honor to be your most obedient servant, 

J. C. LEE, 
Colonel 55th Reg't Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Com^g. 

Captain E. H. Allen, 

Acting Asssitant Adjutant General. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 105 



Report of casualties in bbtli regiment Oliio volunteer inftintry in the battle 
at Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 

Killed. — Private Silas P. Riley, company A ; Private William F. Edwards, 
company F ; Corporal Jacob Fetterman, company D ; Corporal William Bel- 
lamy and Private Samuel McGuckin, company C ; Corporal John B. Conger, 
Privates William H. Tallman and J. E. Case, company H ; Orderly Sergeant 
Benjamin F. Welsh, Corporal David Gilliland, and Privates James Henry and 
John Sohn, company K ; Private Henry Troxwell, company G ; Corporal John 
Ostien, and Privates John Martin and David Shesely, company B. 

Wounded. — Sergeant Nelson Crocket and Private William E. Sheffield, 
company A ; Captain Daniel S. Brown, and Privates Levi Smook, John Merrar, 
and Wesley Lane, company F ; Corporal Edward E. Sliayes, and Privates 
William Cromwell, Carl Zenders, Jacob C. Utz, and Ed. F. Zolck, (mortally,) 
company D ; Corporal Elisha Cole, and Privates Oscar Ramson, (since died,) 
Bard Randolph, Lucius Babcock, Sebastian Dohra, Oliver B. Johnson, W. W. 
Potter, Jesse Woodrufi', and David P. Benson, company I ; Sergeant John R. 
Lowe, Corporal David Warren, and Privates John White, Lewis Ray, Thomas 
J. Harris, William Coultrip, Wilbert Greene, A. Adams, and W. Conell, com- 
pany C ; Sergeant A. M. Ross, Corporals Dennis Spurrier and William Negele, 
and Privates Barney Weigle, Enoch B. Watson, and James P. Boston, com- 
pany H ; Privates Samuel C. Briggs, John Coupe, John W. Saltman, Ambers 
Rice, and Thomas E. Buckley, company E ; Corporal Samuel Cooper and Pri- 
vates Curtis Hoff, Henry Yager, Henry Vaughn, Levi Katterman, Charles 
McClary, and Thomas Casick, company K ; First Lieutenant Robert Bromley, 
(taken prisoner,) Corporals Herman F. Neiman (left on field) and William H. 
Rogers, and Privates Thomas A. Longstreet, George Downs, and Valentine 
Denis, company G ; Sergeant Evan A. Kirkwood, and Privates John Sibsell, 
Horner A. Durfee, Andrew Nighswander, Albert J. Maurer, John Seuman, 
James Headley, F. N. Fell, John Wolfret, Joseph Harris, James T. Whidden, 
and Leonard Doke, company B. 

Missing. — Privates James Carper, David Warner, and Francis Decker, com- 
pany F ; Corporal Cyrenus De Jean, company H ; Private John Ferguson, 
company E ; Private Harman Boucher, company K ; Corporal William R. Gear 
and Private Benjamin Harris, company B. 
Very respectfully, 

J. C. LEE, 
Colonel Commandi7ig bbth Reg't Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 



Statement of officers and soldiers who have fallen into the hands of the enemy 
from the b5th regiment Ohio volunteer infantry. 

Captured and jjaroled. — Corporal Lyman T. Lord and Private Dexter R. 
Jones, company A, August 28, 1862 ; Corporal William R. Gear and Private 
Benjamin Harris, company B, August 30, 1862 ; Corporal Theodore Hunt, 
company B, September 1, 1862. 

Wounded and captured. — Privates William Cromwell and Edward F. Volk, 
company D, August 30, 1862; Privates Thomas Buckley, Samuel C. Briggs, 
and John Ferguson, company E, August 30, 1862 ; Privates David Warner and 
Francis Decker, company F, August 28, 1862; First Lieutenant Robert 
Bromley, and Privates Thomas Longstreet and Frederick Neiman, company G, 
August 30, 1862. 



106 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Wounded, captured, and paroled. — Privates Samuel Camron and James 
Kinne, company F, captured September 1, 1862, paroled September 2, 1862 ; 
Private W. W. Potter, company I, August 30, 1862. 

The above statement contains both those who were captured on the field of 
battle and on the march. 

Very respectfully, 

J. C. LEE, 
Colonel 55th Reg'f Ohio Volunteers, Coni'g. 



No. 15. 
REPORT OF COLONEL ORLAND SMITH. SEVENTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters 73d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 

La7igley, Virginia, 8eptemher 5, 1862. 

Colonel: I have the honor to report the part taken by the 73d Ohio volun- 
teer infantry in the engagements of Friday and Saturday, August 29 and 30, in 
the neighborhood of Bull Run. 

On the 29th, although not actively engaged with the enemy, the regiment 
was constantly on the field, and in several instances under severe artillery fire, 
resulting in the wounding of seven persons of my command. 

The actual fighting service of the regiment during that day was confined to 
some slight skirmishing between companies A and B and the enemy's sharp- 
shooters. Nevertheless, the frequent changes of position and preparations for 
action, continuing till a late hour at night, were fatiguing and harassing, taxing 
not only the patience and endurance of the men, but very frequently their 
courage. 

I am happy to report a commendable obedience and promptness on the part 
of my men of all grades during the entire day, under all circumstances, whether 
of exposure without opportunity of replying, or of labor under privations of food 
and drink, without apparent results. 

On the 30th our position was as a reserve, in close column of companies, on 
the left of the brigade. We remained in this position till the middle of the after- 
noon, when, in obedience to your orders, the brigade was moved to the left, the 
73d being in front. I advanced to a considerable distance in the expectation of 
forming a junction with the forces of General Reynolds, whom I was told we 
were to support. Not finding any co-operating forces at the point where I had 
been told they were in position, I formed forward into line as rapidly as pos- 
sible, and advanced one company (A) to the front, deployed as skirmishers, to 
observe the movements of the enemy and report. The regiment was scarcely in 
line before reports came from Major Hurst, on the left, that a large force of the 
enemy could be distinctly seen advancing on our left flank and rear. Being 
under the impression that we must be sustained by other forces in that direction, 
I could not believe it possible that a hostile force could be approaching us from 
that quarter with impunity, and M-as not convinced that they were foes till I 
made a personal observation, resulting in the conviction that they were not only 
foes, but that they were in numbers sufiicient to crush us at the first onset. 

I immediately despatched Adjutant B. F. Stone to advise you of the danger, 
and the necessity for prompt preparation to meet the emergency. On his return 
he reported that he had been unable to find you, but had communicated the facts 
to your aide. Lieutenant Morse. 

In the mean time Captain Buchwalter, of company A, had reported several 
regiments of the enemy to be filing up a ravine, and approaching us through the 
woods, directly in front. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 107 

I immediately ordered the i<kirmi>slier8 to be recalled, and prepared to receive 
the approaching masses with a well-directed fire, which wa.s done to my satis- 
faction. The first volley drove the enemy back, and Avas very destructive, as I 
have since learned from some of my men who visited the field on Sunday, 31st. 
A devastating fire now opened fi-om the lines of the enemy, who had already 
turned our flank. Our ranks Avere soon thinned by the overwhelming force to 
which we were opposed, and being too Aveak for further effectual resistance, no 
alternative was left but a retirement. This Avas accomplished Avith considerable 
loss, under a severe cross-fire from front, flank, and rear.- 

In thus falling back the regiment became somewhat scattered, but the men 
rallied behind a fence in the edge of the Avood to which Ave retired, and poured 
a well-directed fire upon the adA^ancing foe, retiring again, Avhen too much ex- 
posed, to another point in rear, Avhere they Avere covered by re-enforcements, 
which had come forward too late, hoAveA'er, to recover the field. Finding further 
effort, with my thinned ranks, useless, after having made seA'eral rallies, com- 
bining Avith my own forces many from other commands, whom I found isolated, 
I drew off to join you, Avhich I succeeded in doing just before dark, on the 
ground occupied by the 1st brigade of our division. 

All officers and men under my command on that day. deserved and won my 
highest commendation for cheerful obedience and determined resistance, under 
the most trying circumstances. "Where all did icell, it would be useless to 
attempt personal distinctions. 

I cannot forbear mentioning, hoAvever, the able manner in which I was sus- 
tained by Major Hurst and Adjutant Stone. The former had his horse shot 
under him in the early'part of the action, after Avhich he rendered efficient ser- 
vice on foot in rallying and steadying the men. 

Company A, under command of Captain BuchAvalter, and company B, under 
Lieutenant Kinson, are entitled to ffivorable mention for the skill and prompt- 
ness with Avhich they responded to the calls for skirmishers on both days. It 
may not be improper to mention the name of Captain Madeira, of company H, 
who, at great personal risk, brought off the national color, when both color 
bearers and the entire color-guard had fallen. 

I enclose IiereAvith a list of killed, Avounded, and missing. The number, com- 
pared with the Avhole strength of the regiment engaged, Avill shoAV a very large 
proportion : 

The whole number taken into action Avas 312 

Number ascertained to be killed 25 

Wounded and recoA-ered 5Q 

Wounded prisoners paroled, 31 87 

Prisoners not known to be Avounded 10 

Total killed, Avounded, prisoners, and missing 148 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ORLAND SMITH, 
Colonel Seventy -third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
Colonel N. C McLkan, 

Commanding 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Army Corjjs. 



List of killed, wounded, and missing, of the seventy-third regiment Ohio volun- 
teer infantry, at the battle near Bull Run, August 29, and 30, 1862. 

Killed. — Joseph Mass and Burton Crider, company A ; Sergeants Charles 
Shepherd and B. F. Morrison, and Corporal J. H. Smith, company B ; Isaac 
Ater, Jesse LcAvis, John Godden, George Selby, Asa Harper, and Wm. Clifton, 
company C ; Henry Lockard and John McKee, company D ; Lieutenant 
Charles W. Trimble, Privates Thomas Biggerstaff, Henry Henson, and Marcus 



108 REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Walston ; Charles E. Dustin, company F ; Mason Brown, company G ; Wm. 
Robinson, company H ; Sergeant A. R. Hull, Jolni Halterman, and George A. 
Wilson, company I ; Wm. McKinley and James Watts, company K. Total 
killed, so far as heard from, 25. 

Wounded and recovered. — Commanding Sergeant Erskine Carson, staff; 
Thos. Reedy, Robert McKittrick, Thomas Clark, William Clark, Edward 
Sweet, and A. D. Zehrung, company A ; James Lawson and Levi Russell, 
company B ; Second Lieutenant J. C. McKell, Sergeant J.N. Hawkins, Abram 
Anderson, Peter Brown, Louis Nail, A. S. Watkins, and S. M. Wiley, company 
C ; Washington Swift, Nathan McCarty, and James Chesser, company D ; 
John Dinley, Wesley Hays, John Shoeffers, and Benjamin Sharpe, company E ; 
Edward Welsh, Anthony Moran, James Crown, John Newman, Patrick 
De Lany, John Kennedy, and Patrick Hyland, company F ; Second Lieutenant 
D. L. Greiner, Sergeant E. M. Furry, E. Welsheimer, Lewis Painter, J. B. 
Greiner, W. A. Detty, John Barnett, and John Weekline, company G ; Second 
Lieutenant E. H. Miller, Wm. M. Page, B. F. Crothers, Henry Leister, J. K. 
Bennett, Morris Wilson, Danl. Buckley, Adam Slaughter, John Caveny, Hiram 
Clay, and William Kelly, company H ; Captain L. H. Burkett, (mortally,) J. 
C. McLean, Amos Ross, and Henry Mader, company I ; John Curtis and Henry 
Wilshire, company K. Total wounded and recovered, 56. 

Wounded and juiroled as prisoners. — Washington Pence, company A ; Levi 
Miller, Jesse Rickey, and Sergeant J. H. Martin, company B; Ransom Clem- 
ents, David F. Nixon, W. W. Crow, Wm. R. Farlow, and Ira W. Booten, com- 
pany C ; Henry Argobright and John Durham, company D ; James Whalen 
and David Thompson, company E ; Mortimer Kirkpatrick, Sergeant Wm. Barnes, 
Peter Donahoe, Michael Norton, and John O'Donnell, company F ; Cyrus Ellis, 
Eli Graves, Abner De France, John P. Whellman, Isaiah Smith, and Lieut. 
Sam. Fellers, company G ; First Lieutenant John F. Martin, and Frank Tho- 
man, company H ; Theo. Jackman and David W. Bonner, company I ; Thos. 
McKinley, David Armstrong, and AVashington Moore, company K. Total 
wounded prisoners paroled, 31. 

Prisoners not known to be 'wounded. — Franklin Redd, Wm. F. Adams, and 
Paul Sowers, (all paroled,) company C ; Frank Knighton, (paroled,) James 
Ray, and Wilson Smallwood, company G; Sergeant C. B. Thomsoji, (paroled,) 
company H ; Anthony Palmer, Sergeant A. H. Sanders, (paroled,) William 
Burley, (paroled, ) company K. Total known to be prisoners not wounded, 10. 
t Missing. — Thomas Dawson, Jos. De Haven, and Nelson Lowe, company A; 
Second Lieutenant Joshua Davis, John Warren, Samuel Turner, J. M. Wilson, 
Wm. Cline, A. S. Underwood, I. C. Fisher, and Samuel Allison, company B ; 
Patrick Henry, company C ; Amos Holdren, company D ; Patrick Rogan, John 
McFadden, Martin Boyle, and Michael Harkins, company E ; Henry Thacher, 
Sergeants William M. Burns and W. J. Shepherd, company G ; A. M. Sim- 
mons and Wm. Dixon, (wounded,) company H ; John Dye, Fordyce Wilfred, 
Benjamin Coolev, and Gaines Wilshire, company K. Total missing, 26. 

ORLAND SMITH, 
Colonel Commanding Seventy-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 

Colonel N. C. McLean, 

Commanding 2d Brigade, ist Division, 1st Army Corps. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 109 

No. 16. 
REPORT OF LIEUTENANT GEORGE B. HASKINS, FIRVJ' OHIO AliTILLERY. 

Headquarters Battery "K," 

Buffalo Fort, Virginia, Septemher 17, 1S62. 
Sir: The followiug is a correct statement of the doiiigs of this battery from 
the Rappahaimock to Bull Run : Was in action near Leary's Ford, August 22, 
from 9 a. m. till 1 p. m., when we were relieved by Captain Weiderick's bat- 
tery, and went to the rear. Staid at Leary's Ford all night, and marched from 
there, August 23, towards Sulphur Springs, and camped about one mile from 
the springs, where we remained all night. Was in action near the springs, 
August 24, in the morning. Marched in the evening towards Waterloo Bridge, 
where we remained all night. Was out of ammunition the 25th until 4 p. m., 
when we opened upon the enemy with two guns as they were leaving their 
position. Marched at 7 p. m. same day towards Warrenton, where we arrived, 
after marching all night, the morning of the 26th of August, and remained there 
all day and the night following. Marched, August 27, at 6 a. m. eight miles, 
towards Manassas, where we stopped all night. Jlarched, August 28, towards 
Bull Run, where we engaged the enemy from about 4 p. m. till dark, and 
remained in our position all night. Fighting resumed next morning, August 29, 
and engaged the enemy until about 11 a. m., when we ran out of ammunition, 
and, not being able to get more, were ordered to the rear, where we remaijied 
that and the following day, August 30, until about 5 p. m. ; then were ordered 
to Ceutreville by Captain Schirmer, and started for that place at once. Lieu- 
tenant H..S. Camp was mortally wounded near Leary's Ford, August 22, and 
died September 15, in Washington. 

GEORGE B. HASKINS, 
Lieutenant Commanding Battery "K," 1st OhioVoluntecr Artillery. 

Colonel McLean. 



No. 17. 

REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL C. SCHURZ. 

Headquarters 3d Division, 
Cavip near Minor^s Hill, ^e:ptcinber 15, 1862. 

General : I have the honor to submit the following report concerning the 
part taken by the division imder my command in the battles of the 29th and 
30th of August : 

On the evening of the 28th of August my division was encamped south of 
the turnpike leading from Ceutreville to Gainesville, near Mrs. Henry's farm. 
On the 29th, a little after 5 o'clock a. m., you ordered me to cross the turnpike, 
to deploy my divisio)i north of it, and to attack the forces of the enemy sup- 
posed to be concealed in the woods immediately in my front, my division form- 
ing the right wing of your army corps. In obedience to your order, I formed 
my division left in front, and after having forded Young's branch, deployed the 
ist brigade, under Colonel Schimmclfening, on the right, and the 2d brigade, 
under Colonel Krzyzanowski, on the left. There was a little farm-house in 
front of Colonel Schimmelfeuing's brigade, which he was ordered to take as a 
point of direction, and, after having passed it, to bring his right wing a little 
forward, so as to execute a converging movement toAvards the 2d brigade, and 
upon the enemy's left flank. The battery of the 2d brigade, Captain Rohmes, 
I ordered to follow the left wing of the brigade and to take position on a rise of 



110 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

ground immediately on the left of a little grove, through which Colonel Krzy- 
zanowski was to pass. The battery attached to Colonel Schimmelfening's bri- 
gade was held in reserve. As soon as the two (2) brigades, consisting of three 
(3) regiments each, had formed four (4) regiments iu column by company in the 
first line, and two (2) in column doubled on the centre, in reserve behind the 
intervals, the skirmishers advanced rapidly a considerable distance without find- 
ing the enemy. Arrived upon open ground, behind the little patches of timber 
the division had passed through, I received from you the order to connect my 
line of skirmishers with General Milroy's, on my left. I pushed my left wing 
rapidly forward into the long stretch of woods before me and found myself 
obliged to extend my line considerably in order to establish the connexion with 
General Milroy, which, however, was soon effected. Hardly had this been 
done when the fire commenced near the point where General Milroy's right 
touched my left. I placed the battery of the 2d brigade upon an elevation of 
ground about six hundred (600) or seven hundred (700) yards behind the point 
where that brigade had entered the woods a little to the left, so as to protect the 
retreat of the regiments composing the left wing, in case they should be forced 
to fall back. The battery of the 1st brigade remained for the same purpose on 
high ground behind the woods in which Colonel Schimmelfening was engaged, 
covering my right. When the fire of the skirmishers had been going on a little 
while two (2) prisoners were brought to me, sent by Colonel Schimmelfening, 
who stated that there was a very large force of the enemy, Ewell's and Jack- 
son's divisions, immediately in my front, and about the same time one of Colonel 
Schimmelfening's aides informed me that heavy columns of troops were seen 
moving on my right flank, and that it could not be distinguished whether they 
were Union troops or rebels. I then withdrew the reserve i-egiment of the 2d 
brigade, the 54th New York, from the woods, so as to have it at my disposal in 
an emergency, and ordered Colonel Schimmelfening to form one of his regiments 
front towards the right, and to send out skirmishers in that direction, so as to 
ascertain the true condition of things there. Meanv.'hile the fire in front had 
extended along the whole line and become very lively, my regiments pushing 
the enemy vigorously before them about one half mile. The discharges of 
musketry increased in rapidity and volume as we advanced, and it soon became 
evident that the enemy was throwing heavy masses against u>3. About that 
time General Steinwehr brought the 29tli New York, under Colonel Soest, to 
ray support, and formed it in line of battle on the edge of the roads behind a 
fence. I then received information that the columns which had appeared on my 
right, and which really seemed to have belonged to the enemy, had disappeared 
again in the woods without making any demonstration, and also that General 
Kearney's troops were coming up in my rear. Thus reassured about the safety 
of my right, and expecting more serious business in the centre, I sent the 54th 
New York forward again with the order to fill up the gap between my two bri- 
gades, occasioned by the extension of my line towards General Milroy's right. 
The 29th New York remained in reserve. Immediately afterwards the enemy 
began to press my centre so severely that it gave way, but we soon rallied it 
again, and after a sharp contest reoccupied the ground previously taken from 
the enemy. It was about 10 o'clock a. m. when an officer announced to me 
that General Kearney had arrived on the battle-field and desired to see me. 
General Kearney requested me to shorten my front and condense my line by 
• drawing my right nearer to the left, so as to make room for him on the right. I 
gave my orders to Colonel Schimmelfening accordingly. A short time after- 
wards I discovered that two small regiments, sent to my support, had slipped 
in between my two brigades and were occupying part of my line in the woods. 
General Kearney was just moving up his troops on my right when the enemy 
made another furious charge upon my centre. The two regiments above men- 
tioned, as well as the 54th New York, broke, and were thrown out of the woodg; 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 111 

in disorder, the enemy advancing rapidly and in great force to the edge of the 
forest. The 29th New York poured several volleys into them, checking the 
pursuit of the enemy only for a moment, and then fell back in good order. 
The moment was critical. While endeavoring to rally my men again I sent 
orders to the battery of the 2d brigade, which I had placed in position in the 
rear of my left wing, to open tire upon the enemy who threatened to come out 
of the woods. This was done with very good effect, and the enemy was brought 
to a stand almost instantaneously. Meanwhile I succeeded in forming the 54th 
New York again, whose commander, Lieutenant Colonel Ashby, displayed much 
courage and determination, and placed it en echelon behind the 29th New Y^ork, 
which advanced in splendid style upon the enemy in our centre. My extreme 
right, under Colonel Schimmelfening, had stood firm, with the exception of the 
8th Virginia, while the extreme left, under Colonel Krzyzanowski, had con- 
tended , every inch of ground against the heavy pressure of a greatly superior 
force. The conduct of the 75th Pennsylvania, which displayed the greatest 
firmness and preserved perfect order on that occasion, deploying and firing with 
the utmost regularity, deserves special praise. 

The 29tli New York and the 54th New York had just re-entered the woods 
when one of your aides presented to me, for perusal, a letter which you had 
addressed to General Kearney, requesting him to attack at once with his whole 
force, as the rebel general, Longstreet, who was expected to re-enforce the enemy 
during the day, had not yet arrived upon the battle-field, and we might hope to 
gain decisive advantages before his arrival. I then ordered a general advance of 
my whole Ihie, which was executed with great gallantry, the enemy yielding 
everywhere before us. In this charge the 29th New York distinguished itself by 
its firmness and intrepidity. Its commander. Colonel Soest, Avhile setting a noble 
example to his men, was wounded and compelled to leave the field. On my 
right, however, where General Kearney had taken position, all remained quiet; 
and it became clear to me that he had not followed your request to attack simul- 
taneously with me. I am persuaded, if General Kearney had done at that mo- 
ment what he did so gallantly late in the afternoon — that is to say, if he had 
thrown his column upon the enemy's left flank, enveloping the latter by a 
change of direction to the left — we might have succeeded in destroying the 
enemy's left wing, and thus gained decisive results before General Longstreet's 
arrival. As it was, I advanced and attacked alone. The fight came to a stand 
on my left, at an old railroad embankment running through the woods in m direc- 
tion almost parallel to our front. From behind this cover the enemy poured a 
rapid and destructive fire into our infantry, who returned volley for volley. Colonel 
Schimmelfening's brigade, on my right, gained possession of this embankment, 
and advanced even beyond it, but found itself obhged, by a very severe artillery 
and infantry fire, to fall back. But the embankment remained in its posses- 
sion. 

While this was going on the battery of the 1st brigade, under Captain Hamp- 
ton, was ordered to mai'ch along the outer edge of the woods in which Colonel 
Schimmelfening was engaged, and to take position there, in order to protect 
and faciltate the advance of my right ; but the cross-fire of two of the enemy's 
batteries was so severe that Captain Hampton's battery failed, in two successive 
attempts, to establish itself until I sent Captain Rohmer's battery to its support, 
the place of the latter being iilled by a battery brought from the reserve by 
General Steinwehr. 

At this juncture you put two pieces of the mountain howitzer battery at my 
disposal. I ordered Major Koenig, of the 68th New York, (temporarily attached 
to my staff,) to bring them forward, and he succeeded in placing them into the 
line of skirmishers, of Colonel Krzyzanowski's brigade, in so advantageous a 
position that a few discharges sufiiced to cause a backward movement of the 
enemy in front of my left. Now the whole line advanced with great alacrity. 



112 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

and we succeeded iu driving the enemy away from his strong position, behind 
the embankment, when they fell into our hands on my left also. 

While this was going on I heard, from time to time, very heavy firing on my 
left, where General Milroy stood. The sound of the musketry was swaying 
forward and backward, indicating that the fight was carried on with alternate 
success. The connexion of my left with Cxeneral Milroy's right was lost, and 
I found my left uncovered. However, we succeeded in holding the position of 
the railroad embankment along my whole front, against the repeated attacks of 
the enemy, until about two (2) o'clock p. m., when my troops, who had started 
at five (5) o'clock in the morning, mostly without breakfast, had been under fire 
for eight (8) hours, had been decimated by enormous losses, and had exhausted 
nearly all their ammunition, Avere relieved by a number of regiments kindly 

sent by General for that ptirpose. These re-enforcements arrived in 

my front between ©ne and two o'clock. According to your order, I withdrew 
my regiments, one after another, as their jjlaces were filled by those of General 
Hooker. Thus the possession of that portion of the woods, which my division 
had taken and held, was in good order delivered to the troops that relieved me. 
I rallied my two brigades behind the hill on which the battery of the 2d brigade 
had been in position. Here the men took a new supply of ammunition, and for 
the first time on that day they received something to eat. From there you 
ordered me to take position in the woods on the right of the open ground, where 
we encamped for the night. 

The two mountain howitzers, which had done such excellent service in the 
contest in the woods, I had left in position to co-operate with the troops wlio re- 
lieved me, and I am sorry to report that one of them was lost when these troops 
were temporarily driven back from the ground, the possession of which wc had 
delivered to them. 

Exhausted and worn down as my men were, my division was uuablt.' to take 
part in the action after two (2) o'clock p. m., nor Avas I called upon to do so. 
Heavy re-enforccments were constantly arriving and led to the front. If all 
these forces, instejid of being frittered away in isolated efforts, had co-operated 
with each other at any one moment, after a common plan, the result of the day 
wo\ild have been far greater than the mere retaking and occupation of the 
ground we had already taken and occiipied in the mornuig, and which iu the 
afternoon was for a short time, at least, lost again. 

My cien, with very few exceptions, behaved well. The line my weak regiments 
had to take and to hold was so extensive that double the number of troops 
would, under ordinary circumstances, be hardly considered sufficient to perfoiTU 
the task. That they did perform it for many hours, without flinching, until the 
arrival of ample re-enforcements made their relief possible, speaks well for their 
coiirage and intrepidity. 

Of those who especially distinguished themselves I have to mention the two 
colonels commanding brigades. Colonel Schimmelfening commanded my right 
wing with that cool and daring courage and that admirable judgment which 
he had displayed already on former occasions, and which eminently fit him for 
commands of great responsibility ; while the gallantry with which Colonel 
Krzyzanowski, on the left wing, withstood and repelled the frequent and fierce 
assaults of the enemy, commands the highest praise. Of Colonel Soest's con- 
spicuous bravery I have already spoken above. The members of my stafi". 
Major Hoffman and Captain Spraul, as well as Major Koenig, of the 68th New 
York, temporarily attached to me, performed their dangerous and delicate duties 
with the giieatest fearlessness and precision. Nor can I speak too highly of the 
valuable aid and assistance rendered to me during a part of the action by your 
able and excellent aide-de-camp. Captain Asmussen. There are many officers 
and soldiers whose conduct deserves special notice, but to whom I cannot under- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 113 

take to do justice in tliis report. In regard to those I would respectfully refer 
you to the reports of the brigade and regimental commanders. 

On the morning of the 30th of August you did me the honor to attach to my 
division Colonel Koltes's brigade, consisting of the 6Sth New York, the 29th 
New York, and the 73d Pennsylvania, together Avith Captain Dilger's battery. 
Captain Hampton's battery was placed in the reserve. 

At 8 o'clock a. m. you ordered me to take position behind the woods I had 
occupied for the night, and while I was deploying the division I received further 
orders to march six or seven hundred yards to the rear and left, and to place 
myself behind General Schenck's division, on the open ground, not far from 
Dogan's farm-house, front towards Groveton. There the division remained, 
quietly resting on tlieir arms, imtil 3 f)'clock p. m. For several hours we ob- 
served distinctly thick clouds of dust at a distance in our front, indicating a 
movement of heavy forces of the enemy towards our left. 

Our position was to be that of a general reserve. Before us we had General 
Fitz John Porter on our right centre and right in the woods, and General Rey- 
nolds on the heights in our front and left. If our corps was really intended to 
be a general reserve its position was too fal* advanced, for it found itself from 
the beginning -within range of the enemy's artillery, and it was evident that if 
the corps in front met with any repulse Ave would be entangled in the tight, one 
brigade after another, tluis losing our liberty of action and the possibility of 
throwing our whole power upon the decisive point. 

About 3 o'clock p. m. the fire commenced in the woods occupied by General 
Porter, and also on our left, where General Reynolds stood. General Schenck's 
division was drawn forward towards Dogan's larm, and I received your order to 
be ready at a moment's notice. The artillery and infantry fire in our centre and 
left had meanwhile become quite lively. It was about 4 o'clock when you or- 
dered me to advance towards Dogan's and to take position immediately behind 
General Stahel's brigade. I did so; the regiments formed in column by division 
right in front ; Colonel Schimmclfeuing's brigade on the right, Koltes's on the left, 
and Krzyzanowski's behind the interval a little to the left. Captain Dilger's 
battery followed the right and took position on the crest of the hill, not far from 
Dogan's. The artillery fire of the enemy had now become quite severe, and our 
troops, densely massed upon the open ground behind Dogan's farm-house, were 
greatly annoyed by the shot and shell dropping among them, but remained en- 
tirely firm. 

A little after 4 o'clock we saw General Porter's troops, who had been engaged 
in our front, leave their position and retire in the dii*ection of the place avc occu- 
pied. You ordered Colonel ]\IcLean to occupy the "bald-headed hill" in our 
left front, and General Stahel's forward to receive and support the retreating- 
troops, who then passed through the intervals of my division and partly formed 
again behind me. About the same time. General Reynolds's troops, Avho had 
occiipied the heights in our front and left, fell back, and the enemy, after having 
obliged them to retire, planted a battery upon the high ground abandoned by 
them, directly opposite us, and opened a most disagreeable fire upon my three 
brigades. I ordered Captain Dilger to move his battery a little to the left, and 
to open upon the enemy's battery above mentioned, which was done. 

When Stahel's brigade had become engaged, you ordered me to send Colonel 
Koltes forward to the support of its left, and a few minutes afterwards, seeing 
Koltes hotly received autl severely pressed, I ordered Colonel Krzyzanowski to 
ascend with his brigade the Avooded hill-slopes on my left, in order to prevent 
Koltes from being turned on that side. This order was executed with great 
promptness and spirit. 

But the heights on my left were soon abandoned by General Reynolds's 
troops, and my tAvo brigades, Koltes and Krzyzanowski, found themselves se- 
verely pressed in front by overwhelming forces, exposed to a most destructive 
H. Ex. Doc. 81—8 



114 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

artillery fire and turned by tlie enemy in their left and rear. The contest was 
sharp in the extreme. The gallant Koltes died a noble death at the head of his 
brave regiments ; Colonel Krzyzanowski, while showing his men how to face the 
enemy, had his horse shot iinder him, and the ground was soon covered with our 
dead and wounded. When it had become evident that Ave on that spot were 
fighting, alone and xnisupported, against immensely superior numbers, you or- 
dered me to withdraw my division and to take a position facing towards the left 
and front, on the next range of hills behind the stone house, which Avas the nat- 
ural second position on this battle-field. 

I gave the necessary orders at once. The regiments of Koltes's and Krzyza- 
nowski's brigades came out of the fire in a A'ery shattered condition. Their 
losees had been enormous. I had left Colonel Schimmelfening's brigade, which 
kept Captain Dilger's battery on my right, in reserve. They were exposed to 
a very lieaA'y artillery fire, especially when the enemy had succeeded in estab- 
lishing a battery of tAvo pieces directly on our left, enfilading our whole front; 
but the men stood like trees until the order to retire reached them. They then 
fell back sloAvly and in good order. Captain Dilger's battery remained in posi- 
tion to check the pursuit of the enemy, whose infantry rushed upon him Avith 
great rapidity. He received them in two diflFerent positions, at short range, Avith 
a shoAver of grape shot, obliged them twice to fiill back and then followed our 
column unmolested. His conduct cannot be praised too highly. When ascend- 
ing the hill you had indicated to me as a rallying point, yvc found that the 
troops Avho, after the first repulse, had rallied immediately behind us, had dis- 
appeared ; that the Avhole left Aving of our army had giA'en Avay, and that the 
enemy Avas rolling heaA'y masses of infantry after the retreating columns, to- 
wards our second position. The enemy's artillery Avas commanding almost the 
whole battle-field. Behind the ridge Avhere I was to form again, and AA'hich was 
the natural position of the general reserve, I expected to find an intact reserve 
of several brigades ready to pounce upon the enemy as he Avas attempting to 
ascend the slopes of the range of hills we were then occupying, but nothing of 
the kind seemed to be there. I found Major General McDoAvell with his staff, 
and around him troops of several dift'erent corps and of all arms, in full retreat ! 
I succeeded in inducing the captain of a battery, the name of Avhich I do not 
know, to place his pieces upon the crest of a hill, and to resume the contest Avith 
the enemy's batteries immediately opposite us. My attempts to form compact 
bodies out of straggling soldiers met with very small success. 

It Avas nearly 6 o'clock Avheu you ordered me to send a brigade to the supjport 
of General Milroy, Avho was on our left below the farm-house used as a hospital, 
which two days before had been your headquarters. I brought forAvard Colonel 
Schimmelfennig's brigade, which advanced in excellent order, but did not find 
General Milroy, Avhose command had gone further to the left and rear. Colonel 
Schhnmelfennig, however, Avent foiAvard, and finding Generals Sykes and Reno 
near the place Avhich had been indicated to him, formed on the right of General 
Sykes, ready to take part in the action AvheneA'er it should become advisable. 
The brigades of Colonels KrzyzanoAvski and Koltes had suifered so severely 
that I deemed it best to send them to the rear, in reserve. Only the 54th New 
York kept Avith me in order to cover Dilger's battery, Avhich Avas placed on the 
ridge immediately commanding the Warrentou road and protecting the bridge 
across Young's Branch. We had been under a continual shoAver of shot and 
shell until it grcAV dark, when the infantry fire on our left, as Avell as the artillery 
fire of the enemy, suddenly ceased, only now and then a projectile dropping 
among us. The fight on our left had evidently come to a stand. It is probable 
that the forces of the enemy, when arriving at the foot of the heights we were 
occupying, were so exhausted that a vigorous ofieusive on our part Avould have 
had an excellent chance of success. You remendjer, general, that this matter 
was earnestly discussed among us on the battle-field. But General Pope's order 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 115 

to retreat, and tlie fact that the main body of our army was ah-eady on its way 
to Centreviile, put an end to this question. 

About 8 o'clock you ordered me to withdraw Colonel Schimmelfennig's brigade, 
and to march with my whole command across Young's Branch, two pieces of 
Captain Dilger's battery and one of my regiments forming the rear guard of the 
corps. For this office the 61st Ohio was selected, a reghnent which, throughout 
the whole campaign, had exhibited the most commendable spirit. According to 
your order I passed the bridge across Young's Branch about 9 o'clock, and took 
position with your whole corps on the liilly ground between Young's Branch 
and Bull Run. Colonel Schimmelfennig furnished from his command the ne- 
cessary guards and outposts along Young's Branch, and in the direction of the 
Bull Run ford. 

There we remained over two hours, and after all other troops had passed Bull 
Run, and the road Avas clear of wagons for several miles, you ordered your corps 
to resume its march towards Centreviile. We crossed the " stone bridge " 
between 11 and 12 o'clock. You ordered me to take position on the left 
of the road, front towards the creek, while General Stahel did the same on 
the right, throwing out our outposts on the other side of the creek, and placing 
Captain Dilger's two pieces so as to command the bridge. Some time afterwards 
one of General McDowell's oiScers infoi'med you that we were threatened by 
the enemy on our left. About 1 o'clock a. m. you ordered your corps to resume 
its march. My first brigade, under Colonel Schimmelfennig, was to form the 
rear guard, and was instructed to destroy the bridge. Colonel Kane, of the 
Pennsylvania Bucktail Rifles, reported himself to you with a battalion of his 
men and several pieces of artillery which he had picked up on the road. The 
bridge was destroyed some time after 1 o'clock, and we marched towards Cen- 
treviile, taking with us Colonel Kane's promiscous pieces of artillery behind the 
first regiment of Colonel Schimmelfennig's brigade. I rejoined you about 3 
o'clock a. m., two miles from Centreviile, where we bivouacked until 5. About 
7 we arrived at Centreviile, and, in the course of the day, a position was assigned 
to my command in the intrenchments. 

My loss in the battles of the 29th and 30th, as will appear from the regimental 
reports, was extremely heavy, exceeding twenty per cent, of my whole eft'ective 
force. Aside from the brave and noble Colonel Koltes, I have to deplore the 
death of a great many able and gallant officers. The number of "missing " was 
very small in proportion to the killed and wounded. Comparatively few of 
them have since rejoined their regiments, and the information I have received 
leads me to believe that a majority either remained dead on the battle-field or 
fell wounded into the hands of the enemy. 

The commanders of my brigades and the officers of my staff behaved on all 
occasions, under the most trying circumstances, with their accustomed gallantry. 
As to the regimental officers and privates who distinguished themselves, as well 
as for an exact list of the killed and wounded, I beg leave to refer you to the 
documents accompanying this report. 

I am, general, most truly, yours, 

C. SCHURZ, 
Brigadier General Commanding od Division. 

Major General SiGEL, 

Commanding Ist Army Corps. 



116 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

No. 18. 

REPORT OF COLONEL JOSEPH B. CARP, COMMANDING BRIGADE. 

Headquarters Third Brigade, Hooker's Division, 

Camp near Fort Lyon, Virginia, September 6, 1862. 

Captain : I have tbc lionor to submit the following report of the part takeu 
by my brigade in the late battles and marches : 

Early on the morning of the 15th day of August I received orders to be pre- 
pared to march at daybreak, -with rations provided, &c. At 8 o'clock a. m. I 
left camp near Harrison's Landing, and marched to within three (3) miles of the 
Chickahominy, Avhere I bivouacked for the night, and on the following morning, 
at eleven (11) o'clock, proceeded two miles in the direction of the (Chickahominy, 
where I remained until morning. On the 17th I crossed the Chickahominy 
and marched thirteen (13) miles, when I halted and bivouacked; and on the fol- 
lowing morning, (LSth,) at seven (7) o'clock, started for Williamsburg — seven- 
teen (17) miles — which j)oint I reached at half past one (li) p. m., and went 
into camp outside the town. On the 19th, at 10.45, I broke camp and marched 
to within two (2) miles of Yorktown; and on the 20th, at ten (10) o'clock a. m., 
marched to Yorktown and went into camp outside the intrenchments. At eight 
(8) p. m. received orders to be prepared to embark on the steamship Baltic and 
steamer Vanderbilt, and at half past two (2i) all were aboard. We sailed that 
afternoon at six (6) o'clock. On the afternoon of the 22d the Baltic run 
aground, and a lighter coming up I sent off the 5th and 7th New Jersey vol- 
unteers, under command of Colonel S. H. Starr, with instructions to report at 
Acquia creek. On the 23d, the Baltic unable to get off, the remainder of my 
command with me was transferred to the steamship Cahawba. At Acquia creek 
I was ordered by General Hooker to proceed to Alexandria, where we arrived 
at six (6) o'clock. All camp equipage and baggage was discharged by 8.^- p. 
m., and the men remained aboard during the night. On the 24th we disem- 
barked at seven (7) a. m., and marched to the suburbs of the city and encamped. 
At 2 J p. m. the 115th Pennsylvania volunteers and Sth New Jersey volunteers 
reported, having, an hour previous, disembarked from the steamer Vanderbilt. 
At 3 p. m. the location of the camp was changed two miles further from the city, 
near the railroad. On the 26tli my brigade was transported, by rail, tt> War- 
renton Junction, (40 miles,) where we arrived at six (6) o'clock, and bivouacked. 
At three (3) a. m. on the morning of the 27th I received orders to be prepared 
to march at six (6) o'clock, and, one hour later, received orders to march at seven 
(7) a. m., which order was promptly carried into effect. My field and staff 
officers were all dismounted, in consequence of having left their horses at Alex- 
andria, to be transported on the following day. I took up the line of march 
towards Manassas Junction, on line with the railroad, and after proceeding about 
four miles we came in sight of the enemy. My brigade being on the advance, 
I threw out skirmishers from the 2d New York volunteers, and formed two 
lines of battle. They advanced about one mile, the enemy retreating. At 2^ 
o'clock p. m., when within one half mile of Bristow Station, my skirmishers en- 
gaged those of the enemy. I formed line of battle with 2d New York volun- 
teers and 5th and 8th New Jersey volunteers, and advanced through a dense 
wood, when the enemy made a stand. The 2d New York volunteers and 8th 
New Jersey volunteers were on the left of the railroad, the 5th New Jersey vol- 
unteers on the right. General Hooker taking the 6th and 7tli New Jersey volun- 
teers on the left. The 2d New York volunteers and 8tli New Jersey volunteers 
advanced through theVoodsand charged the enemy, driving him about two hun- 
dred (200) yards, into a thick woods, where they again made a stand and gave 
battle. I sent in the 115th Pennsylvania volunteers, after an hour's fighting, to 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 117 

relieve tlie 2(1 New York volunteers, aud they lield their ground until the retreat 
of the enemy. After making the charge with the 2d New York and 8th New 
•Jersey volunteers, Colonel Taylor, >vitli the second brigade, came in and took 
position on my left, placing two regiments on my right, parallel to my line, to 
engage the enemy on the railroad. After the retreat of the enemy we formed 
line of battle on the right of the railroad, to support General Grover, who was 
then in pursuit of him. Here we remained until ordered by General Hooker to 
cross the creek, where we bivoiiacked for the night. On Thursday afternoon, 
August 28th, at two (2) o'clock, we were ordered to march in the direction of 
^lauassas, but did not halt for the night until we arrived at Bull Run creek. At 
two (2) o'clock Friday morning, August 29, I received orders to march at three 
a. m. and support General Kearney, who was in pursuit of the enemy. A march 
of ten miles brought us to the Bull Hun battle-field. About eleven (11) a. m. 
was ordered in position to support a battery in front of the woods, where the 
enemy, with General Sigel's troops, was engaged. Remaining about one hour 
in that positi(ni, was ordered to send in to the woods and relieve two regiments 
of General Sigel's corps. I sent in the 6th aud 7th New Jersey volunteers. 
Afterwards received orders to take the balance of the brigade in the woods, 
which I did at about two (2) p. m. Here I at once engaged the enemy and 
fought him for a space of two hours, holding my position until our ammunition 
Avas all expended. About four (4) o'clock we were relieved by General Reno 
and Colonel Taylor, but did not reach the skirt of the woods before a retreat 
was made and the woods occupied by the enemy. When I arrived out of the 
woods I was ordered to march about half a mile to the rear and bivouac for the 
in'glit. During Saturday, August 30, we remained in that position until 2 p. m., 
wlien I was ordered by General Hooker to march my brigade out on the road 
in pursuit of the enemy. After marching out on the road was ordered to halt 
and await further orders. I retained this position until four (4) p. m., and was 
then ordered to the front to support a battery, my brigade to constitute the 
second line. Here I remained, under a heavy cross-fire of the enemy, until 
ordered by General Hooker to march to and support a battery on the left of the 
field. When I reached this place I found no battery to support, but was or- 
dered to support one in the rear and on the left, which I did. We remained 
there until ordered to march to the rear, in the direction of Centreville. This 
was about 7 p. m. We marched in perfect order, fording a stream waist deep, 
and arrived at Centreville at 1 o'clock a. m., where we remained until the next 
day, Smulay, August 31st, when Ave changed camp to the rear. On Monday, 
September 1, at 3 o'clock, received orders to march in the direction of Fairfax. 
At 4 p. m. took up the line of march on the centre road. When about two 
miles from Centreville heard firing on our right, and Avas ordered by General 
GroA'cr to halt and form line of battle on the left of the road. I Avas soon after 
ordered to move up my line to the support of General Kearney's left. After 
remaining in this position about tAvo hours, was ordered to the front, where I re- 
mained until 2 o'clock a. ra. Was then ordered to take up the line of march, 
for Fairfax, where I arrived about sunrise. Here I pitched camp and remained 
until 11 o'clock a. m., and then starting for Alexandria, halting for the night at 
about twelA'e (12) miles from Fairfax. Resuming the march at 6 o'clock on the 
following morning, 1 reached Fort Lyon and went into camp at 2 o'clock on the 
afternoon of Wednesday, September 3. 

The folloAving are the casualties in the actions of August 27th, 29th, and 30tli : 

Second New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Corporals Oliver H. Porter, Charles Reith, Thomas B. Casey, and 
Frederick P. Wrigley ; Privates Edward Farrell, John T. Andrews, James 
Taylor, John Jones, Michael Manning, Frank O'Neil, and Charles Stickney. 



118 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Wounded. — Captaius John II. Qnackenbusli, John Maguire, and S. Lee Per- 
kins, (since died;) First Lientcnant Francis Temple, Second Lieutenant Joseph 
Egolf, Second Lieutenant Cornelius Kirker ; Sergeant Major Theodore Horn ; 
First Sergeants Robert B. Dicke, George D. Smith, and Nathan F. Hodgman; 
Sergeants Michael Russell, Wilhani McColIough, and August Willard ; Corpo- 
rals Peter Robson, Joseph lioman, Lorenz Kingsby, John Rowland, Warren 
Harrington, Peter P. Ray, jr., George II. Pierci', Peter Bromhower, William 
Greenwood, William A. Gaftuey, and Thomas Thrane ; Privates Thomas Hines, 
Jacob A. Bcrcroft, John P. McNamara, William E. Hydom, John Lucey, John 
O'Brien, David Earle, Paul ]\Ianner, John Narcotte, Jacob Baker, James 
Duffy, James H. Flynn, Patrick Grace, Thomas Hennessey, Frank Mayatte, 
James Sullivan, Joseph C. Taylor, Simeon Moranville, James Beale, Henry C. 
Dunnell, William R. Frear, Daniel E. Gardner, James C.McGowan, James M. 
Sturtevant, John Finley, John Medlicott, I'atrick O'Doimell, Joseph Savior, 
Patrick Conway, Michael Daly, William Heady, David Murray, Frederick 
Epting, Edward Walton, Ferdinand Wise, Frederick Wuest, and Adolphus 
Stande. 

Missing. — Privates George Looby, Patrick Kearney, John Gormley, Michael 
Ryan, John A. Smith, Edward S. Wilson, John Mills, John Briun, Henry 
Todt. 

Fifth New Jersey vohinteers. 

KiUed. — Captain Edward A. Acton ; Second Lieutenant Frederick A. Brill ; 
Corporal John B. Clayton ; Privates John F. Lookerson and Michael Doyle, 
and Sergeant C. J. Boone. 

Wounded. — Captains H, H. Woolsey and John Gamble; Corporals George 
W. Dally, John H. Van Pilt, James S. Flanigan, John Polan, and George 
Custis ; Privates John Savage, W^illiam Petersley, John Bower, John Dennis, 
James Bell, William H.Flinn, Thomas Gibson, William Harris, John O'Connell, 
Christian Arnheiter, Edward Peel, William Heatty, Richard Gill, William 
Chamberlain, Augustus King, John C, Haas, William Frazer, John Buckley, 
John McConnell, James Greaves, William Fairhurst, William Korberry, John 
Gartermasker, Matthew Carney, Daniel Flanigan, James Donaldson, Thomas 
McBride, and Henry Rosswick. 

Missing. — Lieutenant Edward P. King, Sergeant Robert Evans, and Privates 
Patrick McLaughlin, P^mile Naugaut, Benjamin Smith, John Stryker, Richard 
Sibbitt, Jonathan Sibbitt, John Schornhut, John Hopple, and Charles Depsey. 

Sixth New Jersey volunteers. 

Killed.. — First Sergeant Edward Corcoran, Sergeant Isacher Ettingor, and 
Privates John T. Vannote, George Higgins, William Yields, Thomas Van Brunt, 
Thomas Jones, William Hamlin, Benjamin F. Budd, Michael Wright, Elijah 
Q. Burroughs, A. C. Cornell, John Jobes, Edward Ewen, John Gaggers, Martin 
Marshall, James Coleman, and William Bishbring. 

Wounded. — Colonel G. Mott and Major S. R. Gilkyson; First Sergeant 
Jonathan Maguire, Sergeants David Smith, Robert Ames, and James White ; 
Privates John Jeffrey, Daniel Bresnahan, Samuel Applegate, Henry C. Christie, 
Stien E. Jamieson, William R. Morris, Johnston Lutz, James Reed, James 
Williams, James Quirk, George Mason, Woodward Cox, Joseph Graisberry, 
Job Davison, I*atchie Barry, William Rianhard, Solon R. Hankinson, Robert 
Hancock, Isaiah Lippincott, George Jobes, Edwin Packer, William Maling, 
Henry Firth, Reed Price, August Secor, William Brown, John C. Whippey, 
William Loeb, Charles Braceland, James R. Hasted, William Hampton, Isaac 
T. Garton, Elias Jones, John Leo, Robert McAdoo, Michael McLaughlin, Jerc- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 119 

miali Price, B. F. Reeves, William V. Robinson, Isaac Warr, and Nathaniel 
Wilkinson. 

Missivg. — First Sergeant Frederick Young, and Sergeants David S. Olipliant, 
John E. Loeb, and William F. Goodman ; Corporals Smith Applegate, Fred- 
erick Boorman, James Smith, and George Harrow ; Privates Josiah Garwood, 
William Jemison, John Nugent, Albert B. Pryor, Michael Comer, John Evans, 
Henry Herrman, Nehemiah Wright, John Wagoner, Thomas Bottomly, William 
Groves, Levi Jess, Aaron Stone, William Bibby, Jonathan Barnes, Peter Miller, 
William Russell, James Sherman, Albert Woolman, Thomas Gladding, Thomas 
Taylor, Edward B. Hood, William Dorsey, William D. Jacob, Jacob Gilmore, 
James H. Webster, James W. Lewis, Watson Wertsell, John Wiley, and AVm. 
H. H. Lawrence. 

Seven' k New Jersey volunteers. 

Killed. — Captain Joseph Abbott, and Privates James Shewell and Richard 
Vanorden. 

Wounded. — Sergeant James H. Onslow, Corporal Curtis, and Privates James 
McPeter, William Stevens, Andrew Kelly, Samuel Petit, Thomas Wilbravin, 
Henry Engle, John Corbitt, James Bennett, Thomas Mack, Patrick McEvoy, 
George Pritz, James Spugenbergh, Charles Johnson, Isaac Ai'chcr, and John 
R. Lyon. 

Missing. — Assistant Surgeon Charles B. Jacques, and Privates Thomas Fin- 
ning, Charles Wilson, Patrick O'Riley, Daniel Courtin, John Ryan, Patrick 
Corbitt, John Brady, William Willis, William "Sweeney, Henry Myers, and 
Henry Anglemau. 

Eighth New Jersey volunteers. 

Killed. — Captain John Yuite, Sergeant Robert Johnson, Corporal John M. 
Renck, and Privates William Gaysell and George Garrison. 

Wounded. — Lieutenant Colonel William Ward; First Sergeant John C. 
Steinbar ; Corporals Henry Hattman, Jacob A. Young, N. B. Clark, G. Cline, 
Enock Scudder, Charles Huntly, and Diltz Slack ; Privates George Hopwood, 
William Rohinson, Lawrence Healy, Christopher Farrell, Frank Cramptou, Her- 
mann Calhoun, John Kehoe, Horace B. Mackridge, William .1. Lake, John T. 
Thompson, Francis Hackett, William Kenworth, Samuel N. Wood, Josejih 
Wyckoff, Arthur Nesbit, Newton Johnson, Edward Carter, D. Cooper, E, E. 
W^onderly, F. E. Denniss, William Donald, H. B. Graves, F. M. Harrison, J. 
Schultz, Thomas McSoulby, F. C. Dunker, William Donnelly, Elias Hoffman, 
Jabez Lee, James J. Lake, James M. Clay, John B. Stewart, Hamilton 
Bowlsby, Williani Bowlsby, John Bird, Barney Hammill, Thomas Far, Michael 
Harste, Charles Airy, Henry Frei\ch, Napoleon Debue, John F. Cloriser, and 
Dennis McGowan. 

One Imndred and jifteentli regiment Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Killed. — Corporal Boswell C. Bowie, and Privates Luther C. Neff, Frank 
Donclly, and Daniel Reagan. 

Wejunded. — 3Iajor F. A. Lancaster, Captain P. O'Murphy, Lieutenants Rich- 
ard Dillon and R. L. Thompson ; Corporals John Brown, Daniel jManina, A. 
T. McCutcheon, and Frank Spencer ; Privates Michael Allen, James Burns, 
Samuel Rogers, William Whelan, William Fan, Michael Mulgrtu, Hugh 
McKendrick, Isaac Weidner, John Broderick, and James Lyons. 

Missing. — Corporal Charles Sweeny, and Privates James Walton, ]\Iichael 
Malone, John Sullivan, Michael Reardon, James Oricell, Jacob P. Wiseman, 
WOliam Wood, James McCarroll, John Walls, John Linderman, and John 
Charlton. 



120 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



KEOAPITULATION. 





Killed, wounded, and missing. 


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2d infantry, New York volunteers 

6tli regiment New Jersey voluutieis. 
6th regiment New Je^^ey volunteers. 
7th regiment New Jersey volunteers- 
8th regiment New Jersey volunteers. 
115th reg't Pennsylvania volunteers. 


2 

I 
1 

4 


11 

4 

.18 
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106 
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81 

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108 

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59 


— 


12 


34 




43 


16 


223 


2 


79 


22 


345 


367 



In conclusion, wliile bearing testimony to the brilliancy of the battle of Bris- 
tow Station, I am proud to record the gallant 'conduct rendered of the 2d New 
York volunteers, 5th and Sth New Jersey volunteers, and 115th Pennsylva- 
nia volunteers, (the 6th and 7th New Jersey volunteers having been detached 
for the time did not become engaged,) when all did well, it is no less a delicate 
than a difficult matter to make individual distinctions ; still I cannot pass by so 
favorable and appropriate an opjiortunity, to mention the following officers, who par- 
ticularly distinguished themselves on this occasion : Captains Park, Tibbits, 
Perkins, (killed,) Maquire, (wounded,) Quackenbush, (wounded,) and Hagan ; 
and Lieutenants Savage, Temple, (Avounded,) Fisher, Dickie, (wounded,) Egolf, 
(wounded,) and JMcNulty, of the 2d New York volunteers ; Lieutenant Colonel 
Ward, Sth New Jersey volunteers ; and Major Lancaster, (wounded) ; and 
Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, 115th Pennsylvania volunteers; Lieutenant Le 
Grand Benedict, acting assistant adjutant general, and Lieutenant George Gould, 
aide-de-camp. 

During tlie desperate battle of Bull Run and, whilst under an incessant and 
galling fire, the following named officers won for themselves honor and distinction 
by gallant and meritorious conduct : 

Lieutenant Colonel Small, Major Ramsey, and Captain Woolsey, (wounded,) 
Sth New Jersey volunteers ; Colonel Mott, (wounded,) Major Gilkyson, 
(wounded,) Lieutenant Colonel Burling, and Captains Baker and Crawford, 6th 
New Jersey volunteers ; Colonel Reven, 7tli New Jersey volunteers ; Lieute- 
nant Colonel Ward, (wounded,) and Acting IMajor Juite, (killed,) Sth New Jer- 
sey volunteers ; Lieutenant Le Grand Benedict, acting assistant adjutant gen- 
eral, and Lieutenant George Gould, aide-de-camp. 

Great credit and praise are due to Chaplain j\Ioore, 6th New Jersey volun- 
teers, for his unceasing attentions to our wounded on the field, and also to each 
and every surgeon of the brigade for their faithfulness on this as well as on 
many other occasions. 

I am proud of my brigade, and esteem it an honor of no mean order to com- 
mand such a body of men and soldiers, Avho, not only by their gallantry on the 
field of battle, but also by their good conduct and strict devotion to duty iu 



RErORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 121 

camp have roflected so much ^credit upon themselves, their uohle division, and 
the States which they so faithfully represent. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JOS. B. CARR, 

Colonel, Commanding Brigade. 
Captain Jos. Dickersox, 

Assistant Adjutant Crcneral. 



No. 19. 
EErORT OF COT.ONEL J. A. MUHLECK, 73d PENNSYLVANIA. 

Colonel John A. Koltes, commanding brigade. 

In the night from Friday to Saturday the above brigade bivouacked in the 
corner of a Avoods, in the rear and south of those woods where General Carl 
Schurz's division on the day before (Friday) had had a terrible encounter with 
the enemy, who were attacked and thrown by him, and driven at the point of 
the bayoyet clear through the woods, over the railroad embankment. 

We formed on that morning the extreme left wing of the 2d division, to which 
this brigade had been attached in the course of the preceding day, while the 
v/hole division was drawn up as a reserve to those troops of ours which held 
the battle-field over night. 

At 6 o'clock a. m. on Saturday the brigade formed in '■'■ cejlumns of division 
on tlie centre en masse,''' and soon afterwards received orders to march down to 
the left into the open plain field and to re-form in " columns of companies, lift 
in front." Here the brigade stood in the following order : The 68rli NewYork, 
under Lieutenant Colonel Kleefisch, on the right ; the 73d Pennsylvania, Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Miihleck on the left ; the 29th New York in the centre. Major 
Hartman commanding. 

The firing up to 2 o'clock p. m. had been of little accoimt, but soon after- 
wards became heavier by degrees. The enemy had ci'owned the plateau (a 
little over a mile in front of our division) with numerous batteries, and now 
opened a fire which now became truly terrific. General Morell's division, which 
was massed in front and nearest the rebel batteries, were soon forced to withdraw 
from the open plain and to seek shelter in the rear of the woods to their right. 
The enemy's tiring was splendid, their range perfect. As soon as our first line 
had withdrawn, the rebels opened on the heavy bodies of infantry massed about 
400 yards more to the rear, and of which General Schurz's division constituted 
a part. It was then about three o'clock p. m. Our batteries were unable to 
silence the enemy's raking, concentrating fire. Our loss here Avas heavy, 
(through shot and shell.) 

lu tile meanwhile, the firing on our left (woody hills) had become extremely 
heavy. McDowell's troops, which had been ordered up to the extreme left of 
our line of battle, after a very short contest, lasting not over half an hour, were 
retiring from their position, abandoning the woods to the enemy, who at once 
poured heavy masses of infantry into them, seconded by artillery. A part of 
Major General Sigel's army corps (General Stahel's) had already been ordered 
up to the left, to re-enforce McDowell, but found themselves, on reaching the 
top of the hill, in front of an overpowering enemy, whom they bravely engaged. 
At this moment Major General Sigel, Brigadier General Schurz, commanding 
division, with staff', came up at full speed in front of the first brigade, and 
ordered its three regiments up at once to the assistance of General Stahel. I 
marched my regiment by the left flank, followed by the 29th New York in the 
centre, and 68th New York on the right. We reached the top of the hill under 
a terrific shower of shell, solid shot, chains, &c. I deployed at once. The 



122 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

enemy was right in front,, advancing slowly, but steadily, in dense masses. A 
galling fire commenced from both sides. To our left., where we found the 
" De Kalb" regiment isolated from their brigade, a battery of some other corps 
d'army had been abandoned ; the last named regiment, which General Stahel 
had Avished Colonel Koltes to take under his temporary command (it being too 
far off from his main body) endeavored to save the cannons, but in vain. The 
enemy by this time had brought up, and posted near the border of the wood? , 
(south southwest of our brigade,) two sections of artillery, which, from a distance 
of scarcely 200 yards, covered my own regiment, as well as the others, with a 
perfect shower of projectiles. It was at that supreme moment that the brave 
Colonel Koltes rode up to the front of his brigade, and swinging his sword high 
in the air, while ordering his command to take that rebel battery, that a frag- 
ment of a shell killed both horse and rider A rush was made toward the rebel 
cannons ; some of my men, with Second Lieutenant Kennedy, company F, 
reached the pieces, but were unsupported, surrounded, and the lieutenant made 
a prisoner, (he escaped a few moments afterwards, a man of company D, 73d 
Pennsylvania volunteers, killing the rebel who had made him a prisoner.) The 
terrain was most imfavorable for deploying, being surrounded right and left by 
woods, with a deep ravine in the rear, and forming a kind of clearing not more 
than two acres in length. 

The combat here raged fierce and terrible for about half an hour, when our 
small regiments, exhausted and decimated and unsupported, had in their turn 
to fall back, though not before Colonel Koltes, Avho saw the enemy outflank us 
on the right, had given the order to fall back a little on our right and make a 
stand again. By this time immense forces of the enemy poured through the 
woods in spendid order and fighting desperately. The colors of my regiment 
had become rags ; I had lost five of the color bearers and nearly one-half of 
the eight companies I brought int-o action, (two companies had been detailed 

by General to stop the stragglers of the corps which did retreat from the 

plain beneath.) My acting major. Captain A. Bruckner, had flillen too ; my ad- 
jutant Avas a prisoner ; my OAvn horse had been shot under me by four balls. 
We then sloAvly left the field, still fighting and taking along the dead body of 
Colonel Koltes, whom my men carried that night on muskets to Centreville, 
Avhich latter place the regiment reached, rather in broken fragments, and AA^here 
they rallied again on the next morning. 

The loss of the 73d Avas \'ery heavy ; officers killed and Avounded, 8 ; non- 
commissioned officers and privates killed, Avounded, and missing, 138. The 
losses in the seA'eral regiments Avill be found detailed in the accompanying sepa- 
rate reports. Many acts of daring and heroism haA^e been done. ' I will take 
pleasure in bringing the names of those to your knoAvledg" in a separate report 
iQ be made out at once. 

I liaA'e the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient serA^ant, 
G. A. MUHLECK, Lieutenant Colonel 
73d Pcnnsiilvania volunteers. Commanding \st Brigade, 

2d Division, ist Army Corj)s. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 125 



No. 20. 

REPORT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL S. J. McGROARTZ, SIXTY-FIRST OHIO VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

HEAOailARTERS SiXTY-FIRST OhIO VoLUNTEEItS, 
Camp Carl Schurz, Minor's Hill, Septemher 13, 1S63. 

General : The following report would have been guhmitted to jou some- 
time since in obedience to orders, but for the want of writing materials which, 
at the time, it was impossible to procure. 

On the 24th or 25th of August I assumed command of the 61st regiment on 
the enemy's side of the Rappahannock, during the skirmish at Freeman's Ford. 
Colonel kSchlcich, Avho accompanied us across the river, was, shortly after the 
opening of the light, not to be found, and the regiment being without a head 
vfas led on by Captain Koney, of General Schurz's staff, and myself The 
61st covered the retreat across the river, and being assigned a new position in 
anticipation of a battle, remained under arms during the night. The report of 
the killed and wounded has already been handed in. 

On the following morning we left for Wliite" Sulphur Springs, at which place 
we were ordered to support" a battery, (name forgotten,) and we remained about 
three hours under a heavy fire of the enemy's guns. We there lost two wounded 
and one killed, besides some missing. 

At this place and during the fire I noticed the unaccountable absence of Lieu- 
tenant Rankin and Lieutenant Junkins, and Colonel Schleich was also absent 
from his post ; also Lieutenants Hay and Givens. Major Bown, during that day, 
displayed remarkable coolness and energy in bringing up the rear of the regi- 
ment. We then proceeded on towards Waterloo Bridge. We were ordered out 
to assist Milroy's brigade in burning the bridge ; at about 4 p. m. of that day 
attacked the enemy on the opposite side of the river to prevent the restoration 
of the bridge. The enemy's fire, Avhicli Avas very severe, both of artillery and 
musketry, was sustained by our men with great coolness, who delivered, in turn, 
their own fire with marked effect. At about 11 p. m. we were directed to cover 
the rear of tlie column. We then proceeded to Warrenton, thence to Gaines- 
ville, whence we marched to Manassas Plains, a little beyond which we 
bivouacked in line of battle. The men had no provision, but 1 had hauled some 
fresh beef in the ambulances, which was cooked and eaten on Thursday evening 
at about 11 p. m. On arriving at the ambulances. Lieutenant Biff, who was in 
command of a squad sent for that purpose, was told by Colonel Schleich that 
he should not take a God d — n bite of it, unless the regiment marched back to 
get it. 

On the next morning, when we advanced, the 61st was posted in a wood on 
the right, in reserve. A few moments afterwards our skirmishers became en- 
gaged ; then one and two companies, then five, then the whole regiment ad- 
vanced, the 74th being on our right. We advanced about one mile and a half, 
pushing the enemy before us and driving them over the railroad, over which we 
followed them through a ravine and up to a corn-field, where we, in turn, were 
driven back, but rallied at the railroad, which we held until relieved at 2h p. m. 
The severe firing here was very effective. At that time we understood that 
we were surrounded, and being ordered to make a bayonet charge, relieved our- 
selves from our position. AVe were then relieved. About one hour and a half 
afterwards our men were repulsed and fell back through the woods. We were 
again called up to form in line of battle and advance. We thereupon moved 
into the woods and remained all night. 

On Saturday, at daybreak, Ave moved more towards our left and remained 
stationary until the firing of the afternoon began, about 4 o'clock, when Ave were 



jl24 eeport of major general pope. 

again moved towards the centre in reserve, wbicli position we held till near the 
close of the battle. We were then ordered to support Milroy's brigade. We 
were then placed behind lleuo's division, when General Schnrz ordered lis 
quickly to retire towards Centreville. On the way down we were retained an 
hour or more by two of Captain Dilger's pieces which had been dismounted. 
Kemaining near the battle-field till 1 1 p. m., we moved on, halting again for two 
hours, and thus proceeded to Centreville. There we were again formed in line 
of battle. Then we moved on the following evening to Fairfax, and thence to 
a jjosition near the fortifications of Washington. 

Through all these trials the regiment behaved with the greatest gallantry, 
being stimulated thereto by the bearing of Colonel Schiramelpfenning and Gene- 
ral Schnrz, in whom the men learned to repose perfect confidence. 

I cannot forbear mentioning Major Bown as having been highly effective, and 
of all the company officers who were present. Edward H. Newcomb, quarter- 
master sergeant, distinguished himself by his gallant conduct, insomuch as to 
attract the attention of the general commanding the division on the battle-field. 

The following officers were, to me, unaccountably absent since the skirmish 
at Freeman's Ford: Colonel N. Schleich ; Lieutenants George Leininger, James 
II. 13ird, Rankin, Junkins, Edwin Hay, McDougal, Givens ; also Sergeant Major 
(.Trodinsky. I hope, general, that you will find it convenient to inquire into 
tlie reason of the absence and general conduct of the last-named officers. 

Permit me to say, also, in conclusion, that of the colonel commanding the 
In-igade and of our gallant division general, we are, one and all, justly and 
higlily proud ; and for their attention and personal example through all the 
scenes of those eventful days, from first to last, profoundly grateful. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. J. McGROARTZ, 
Likutenant Colonel Commanding (i\st Ohio. 

Acting General Schimmelpfenning, 

Commanding \st Brigade, 3d Division. 



No. 21. 

REPORT OF MAJOR F. BLESSING, SEVEN IT-FOUETH PENNSYLYANLi VOLUN- 
TEERS. 

Headquarters seventv-folrth regiment pe.\n. vol. infantry. 

Report of the battles at Manassas, Virginia, on the 2dth and oOth'August, 1862. 

The regiment reached the heights of Manassas Plains on the 28th of August 
towards evening. It was ordered to reconnoitre the grounds in a direction east, 
but found no enemy. The skirmishers advanced through thin woods on to 
Young's Branch, Avhere they halted as pickets for the nig-lit, the regiment 500 
paces in their rear. At 5 o'clock a. m. August the 29th we left this place, 
meeting our brigade, commanded by Colonel A. Schimmelfennig, at 6 o'clock. 
After a rest of about fifteen minutes the regiment was oi-dered to take its posi- 
tion on the extreme right of the army corps then advancing. Under cover of 
skirmishers in the front and right flank we advanced in quick timcov(!r an open 
field until we arrived at the centre of the woods, where in an opening we halted. 
The skirmishers met the skirmishing line of the enemy, opened five, and drove 
them from the Avoods. Forced by the heavy artillery fire of the enemy, we 
changed several times our positions. From the right flank came the report that 
a strong coluum was advancing, but that it was impossible to recognize whether 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POFE. 125 

friend or foe. It was afterwards ascertained to be General Kearney's corps, for 
our relief. The regiment was then ordered to the left, where it took its position 
in the general battle-line, after advancing abont 400 yards under the heavy fire 
of the eneiny, driving the latter back and out of his positions ; but by the with- 
drawing of a regiment stationed on the left of the 74th, the enemy took advan- 
tage, and, outflanking us, we were forced back about 100 yards. Forming 
again in column for attack, the regiment advanced in quick time tnwards the 
enemy, who gave way until he arri\'ed at the other side of tlie railroad dam. 
Here again flanked by the enemy, and under a galling fire of grapeshot and canis- 
ter, the regiment had to leave its position, which it did by making a flank 
movement to the left, forcing the enemy to withdraw from the woods. We ad- 
vanced over our former position, capturing an ambulance with two wounded 
officers, to the seam of the woods. At this point a heavy shower of .grapeshot 
and canister pouring into us, we withdrew to the railroad dam. After resting 
here for abotit thirty minutes, we were ordered by General Schurz to support a 
battery on the extreme right, keeping in that position till the battery left. AVe 
then again joined our brigade. Wearied and exhausted, we camped for the 
night on the same ground the enemy held the night previous. 

C)n the morning of the 30th the regiment formed in column, taking its posi- 
tion on the right of the centre. It was exposed all day to a tremendous shower 
of bomb-shell, canister, &:c., but did not fall back until the order for general 
retreat was given. The regiment then withdrew to the left, where it took a 
good position, and remained until the Avhole army had passed. It was dark 
before we received the direct order from General Sigel to follov,' the army. We 
then marched to the Bull Run, and M'ere ordered to remain there until all the 
wagons and ambulances had passed over the bridge. After this was done. Cap- 
tain A. Mitzel, with two comjianies of the regiment, was ordered to destroy the 
bridge, which order was fulfilled with many difficulties. 

The regiment again joined the army at Centreville. During these several 
engagements all the ofiicers and men behaved themselves bravely and splendid, 
executing all orders promptly. 

F. BLESSING, 
Major, CoviWg litJt Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. 



Xo. 22. 

REPORT OF MAJOR STEPHEN KOVACS, 54TH NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS. 

FiFTY-FOlRTH ReGI.\IE\T NeW YoRK StATE VOLUNTEERS, 

Camp near Arlington Heights, September 12, 1862. 
Sir : I have the honor to report that, on the 29th August, 1862, the 54th regiment 
New York State volunteers was drawn up in line of battle, at 6 o'clock a. m., at 
Manassas, and ordered for reserve by General Schurz ; at 8 o'clock, by his 
orders, was sent to the woods to drive out the -enemy, and found them in large 
force. The regiment instantly became engaged, and it held the woods in spite 
of the superior ntnnbcrs until 1 o'clock, when it was relieved by another regi- 
ment. In this engagement the ofiicers and men behaved themselves bravely, 
especially the 2d color-bearer, William Rauschmiillcr, who, seeing his comrade 
(the 1st color-bearer) tall, instantly seized the flag, and at the same time he cared 
for his wounded comrade, took him to the rear, and immediately returned again 
to his pro[)er place. After this the regiment Avas ordered to tall back to another 
wood about half a mile distant, Avith the order to be in column by division, t-o be 
ready for any emergency, and the regiment remained under arms all night. 



126 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

The oOtli, tlie 54tli regiment New York State volunteers was ordered, at 10 
o'clock, to draw up in line of battle on the plains of Manassas ; about 3 o'clock the 
enemy commenced to pour into us a terrible fire of shot and shell, and under 
this fire the regiment suffered very much, and stood like a wall ; about 4 o'clock 
the regiment was ordered to advance up the hill to check the enemy, who was 
trying to Hank our left, which was done. After this the regiment was ordered 
by General Krzyzanowski to be relieved. In the meantime the regiment re- 
ceived orders, by Major General Sigel, to hold the ditch, which was done ; the 
commanding officer of the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Ashby, seeing the regi- 
ment left without support, withdrew the troops slowly to the battery of Captain 
Dilger, reaching there at 7 o'clock p. m., and the regiment was ordered by Major 
General Sigel as the rear guard. 

In this engagement I have the honor to mention the gallant conduct of First 
Lieutenant Werthheimer, who, with a small flag in his hand, advanced about 6 
paces before the regiment and the regiment advanced with cheers on a double 
quick and tired on the enemy. I also have to mention the brave conduct of the 
following non-commissioned officers : Sergeant Major E. Both, Orderly Sergeant 
Priedle, Orderly Sergeant Ostershal, Orderly Sergeant Nelson, Sergeants Ra- 
vens, King, Steaven, Werner, Botler, Ilartmann. 

I am sorry to report the loss of many brave officers and men, as the original 
report will testify. Killed, wounded and missing — total 161 men. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

STEVEN KOVACS, 
Major, Co?)imanditig 5Uh R'-giment N. Y. S. V. 

General W. Krzyzanowski, 

Covwianding 2d Brigade. 



No. 23. 

EEPORT OF CAFfAI^T F. BEAUM, 58711 NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters 58th Regiment New York State Volunteers, 

Camp near Arlington Heights, Sej)te?nbcr 12, 1862. 

I have the honor to submit the following report : 

The regiment arrived, after three days' marching from camp near Robertson 
river, in camp near Sulphur Springs, Virginia, on the 20th of August. The 
next day marched to Rappahannock Station, camped there one night, and left 
on the 22d for Fox Ford, on the Rappahannock river, on which place an artil- 
lery skirmish took place during the day, and that night the regiment was ordered 
on picket duty. 

August the 23d and 24th the regiment marched down the river and passed 
under heavy artillery firing to Sulphur Springs, marching up the road to War- 
renton. Near Waterloo, Virginia, the regiment was encamped till the 25th in 
the evening; to that time the regiment formed column as reserve, while a bridge 
was burnt down by General Milroy's forces. The same night the regiment 
started for Warrenton, at which place they encamped till the 27th, and left the 
same day, marching up the road to Gainesville 7 miles ; ordered on picket duty 
on the right fiank of the main body and went, marched the night in camji, 
marching 3 miles above Buckland, Virginia. The 28th instant .marched through 
Gainesville to Manassas Plain, arrived there late in the afternoon, and took po- 
sition ibrmed in column. The 29th instant the regiment was ordered into action, 
and marching over a plain ground, soon was engaged with the enemy, which bad 
taken position in the A\'oods. The regiment held the enemy in cjieck from 8 
o'clock in the morning till 2 o'clock p. m., when the regiment was relieved. The 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 127 

loss of tlie regiment was 29 in killed, wounded and missing. The 30th August 
the regiment was jjlaced iu reserve during all day, heavy artillery firing was 
going on, and at noon the regiment was drawn into action again. Marching up 
a hill the regiment received a severe cross fire of artillery and sharpshooters, 
and had to retire; took possession of a hill ou the left, and holding the enemy 
iu check ou this place till dark. The regiment's loss in this engagement was 
28 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment fell hack down to the Bull Run, 
and, after a few hours' rest, crossed over the burning bridge at midnight. March- 
ing all night, arrived early in the morning at Centreville, Virginia, on which 
place the regiment was encamped under cover of the intreucliments At Centre- 
ville all property belonging to the regiment, which was taken from the train, 
was burnt up by higher authority. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

CAPT. F. BRAUM, 
Commanding oSth Regiment N. Y. S. 

Major KovACS, 

Co?nmanding 2d Brigade, 3d Division. 



Xo. 24. 

REPORT OF CAPTAIN M. WEIDRICK, COMMANDING BATTERY I, FIRST REGI- 
MENT NEW YORK ARTILLERY. 

Fort De Kalb, S('2Jtc7nher 13, 1S62. 

Major : In accordance to general orders of this date, I transmit you the fol- 
lowing report. 

On arriving, ou the 22d of August, near Freeman's fort, I was ordered by 
General Schurz to advance with my battery. After advancing about a quarter 
of a mile, Captain Schirmer, chief of artillery, ordered me to relieve Captain De 
Buk's battery, vv^hich had been in action for some time. On nearing the place, 
I was met by Major General Sigel, who ordered me to place two ten-pound Par- 
rott guns in a new position on a hill in some woods near the river. After 
posting those pieces 5lajor General Sigel ordered me to take my other two Par- 
rott guns to the right of Captain Buk's battery, Avhich I did, and left my two 
howitzers in reserve. 

The lire of the enemy was very hot where tlie two sections of my battery 
were posted. 

Here we had killed and wounded as follows: Killed, Private Florian Knock; 
Avounded, tSergeaut Jacob Bock, in the breast and foot; Sergeant Christian 
Stock, in the arm; Corporal John Blau, in the breast; and Private George 
Himmel, in the face. We also had two horses killed, and ten others rendered 
unfit for further ser-vice, which had to be shot. There was also, at the same 
time, one of our limber boxes shot in fire and exploded, but did no other 
damage. 

August 24th Ave were engaged at near White Sulphur Springs, also at Water- 
loo Bridge. At the latter place Pri\'ate George Lother was wounded. We 
were also engaged at the latter place August 25th, but sustained no loss. We 
Avere also engaged in the battles at Bull Run, August 29th and 30th. Went in 
action on the 29th at about 10 o'clock a. m., when Ave Avere ordered forward by 
Captain Schirmer, chief of artillery. After adA^ancing a short distance Ave Avere 
met by Major General Sigel, Avho ordered me to take a position on the right of 
the road to support the infantry iu case they should be driven back. After re- 
maining in this position about half an hour, i\Iajor General Sigel came to me and 



128 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

ordered me ahead with the four Parrott guns to support Captain Dilger's battery ; 
which order was executed as promjtt as possible by taking a position o)i 
which the enemy had the range with one of his batteries, but in about fifteen 
minutes after we opened tire on it, it was silenced. We kept our position until 
about three o'clock in the afternoon, when our ammunition gave out, and we 
were obliged to retire to get a new supply. After getting the ammunition we 
started again to take our former position, but finding that Captain Diekman was 
there Avith his battery, I returned to Avliere I had left my two howitzers in the 
forenoon. Soon after coming in action there. Lieutenant Schenkelbergcr had 
his leg shattered b}^ a shell ; also, Private William MoUer, the arm ; both of 
which had to be amputated. 

After using up the remainder of our ammunition, I retired with my battery to 
near Major General Sigel's headquarters, where I remained during the night. On 
this day we had one piece dismounted, and on another the axle shot through; 
but I am happy to say that we brought all of the pieces out of the reach of the 
enemy. 

August 30th, after receiving a new supply of ammunition, I Avas ordered, 
with mine and Captain Buell's battery, to report to General Schenck, who 
ordered me to report, with four Parrott guns, to Colonel McCIean, and keep my 
howitzers and Captain Buell's six-pounder brass guns in reserve. We remained 
in a position in front of his brigade on a low hill, Avith the ten-pound Parrotts, 
until about foiir o'clock p. m,, Avhen at this time Colonel McClean sent me an 
order to follow his brigade, to take a position on a hill to the left of the road. 
After coming into action in a position selected by General Schenck, Major Gen- 
eral McDowell called me to him and wanted to know what I Avas going to do, 
and forbade me to open fire for fear of injuring our own men; of Avhich there 
was one battery about 500 yards in front, to oiir right, and some infantry a short 
distance in advance of that battery, to our left; one of the enemy's batteries 
was directly in our front, behind some woods. When, a few minutes afterwards, 
the aforesaid infantry was repulsed by the enemy, Major General McDoAvell 
took his infantry and artillery from our left and moved in front of my battery, 
towards the right flank, leaving our left, as it looked to me, uncovered. When, 
soon after he was gone, the enemy's infantry advanced out of some Avoods di- 
rectly in front, Avhere ]\Iajor General IMcDoAvell stood, and attacked my battery, 
Colonel McClean came to our support Avith his brigade. The fire on both sides 
Avas very sharp, and the overAvhelming numbers of the enemy forced us, after a 
hard contest, to fall back on another hill in our rear, Avhere we came in position 
again and remained till nearly dark ; and after exhausting our ammunition Ave 
fell back toAvards Centreville, Avhere Ave arrived next morning. 
Very respectfully, your obedient ser\'ant, 

M. WIEDRICK, 
CajJtafn commandiyig Battery I, 1st regiment Neiv York artillery. 

Major Meissenberg, 

Assistant Aidjutant General. 



No. 25. 

REPORT OF CAPTAIN H. DILLGER, COMMANDING BATTERY I, FIRST OHIO 
VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. 

Camp near Miner's Hill, 

September 16, 1862. 

General : Respecting the part my battery took in the late conflicts of the 
29th and 30th of August, 1862, I have the honor to report the folloAving: 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE, 129 

On Friday, the 29th of August, the battery was ordered, under the protection 
of Colonel Koltes's brigade, to the support of General Schenck's division, upon 
the left flank of the 1st corps. I advanced to the left of the road and took posi- 
tion upon the outermost elevation in our front, just opposite a large battery of 
the enemy, which, mounting about ten guns, was posted upon the hill enclosing 
the valley. « 

After two hours' incessant tiring the enemy's guns were silenced for a while, 
in consequence, no doubt, of the successive explosion of two of their caissons. 
During this pause, which was improved to prepare the battery for the continu- 
ance of the contest for the important position, opportunity M'^as also afforded me 
to support the infantry on our right, that had been compelled to fall back across 
the railroad track, with two pieces of artillery posted on the right of my battery. 
The enemy's battery, however, was not long in making its appearance again ; 
I engaged it until Wiedrich's battery and two pieces of Dickman's battery were 
sent, by my request, through order of General Sigel, to my assistance, and after 
I had exhausted all my amnmnition, of which there was not an over supply, to 
my relief; by this time the fire of the enemy slackened its concentration upon 
this position. 

The loss I sustained during this engagement, which lasted four hours, was 
twenty-two horses, and four men slightly wounded. The damage to the guns 
was slight, so that they could be repaired in the evening. 

On the morning of Saturday, the 30th of August, the battery was assigned to 
Colonel Krzyzanowski's brigade. 

While the division was advancing I took position on the left of the battery 
that was posted upon the summit of the hill, fronting the enemy's battery which I 
engaged yesterday. 

Being apprised by you, general, of the danger that was threatening our centre, 
I took the only two guns that had not been brought into position, on account of 
the want of room, with me, and engaged with them the battery that vv^as in the 
act of flanking us from the corner of the woods. 

Having remained stationary for about half an hour, I perceived one of our 
infantry regiments, being in full range of the enemy's guns, falling back upon 
the battery ; I tried to bring this regiment to a stand, and to make it advance 
again, but the bursting of the enemy's shells in the midst of them having a de- 
moralizing effect rendered my efforts unavailing. 

Ten minutes afterwards two columns of the enemy's infantry appeared in our 
front, which, notwithstanding the steady firing upon them by our artillery, ad- 
vanced, with sharpshooters in their front, towards the battery, compelling me to 
leave this position. Falling back about 1 00 yards, I again brought my pieces 
to bear upon them until they withdrew. 

During my withdrawal, which was executed in a gallop, the enemy poured 
two volleys into me, but totally without efPect. 

As soon as the enemy's infantry had retired beyond the reach of my shells I 
again engaged the battery until one of my guns became dismounted by the de- 
molition of an axle. As by this time all the batteries that were near me had 
withdrawn, I thought it m}'- duty to do the same. 

At sunset, having secured the dismounted piece below the caisson in the man- 
ner prescribed, I arrived upon the hill, in the rear from whence General Sigel 
directed the retreat, which I was ordered to assist in covering with two pieces 
of my battery. From this moment nothing more transpired that is worth alluding 
to. 

All this day the principal movements and manoeuvres of the battery (I) had 
been directed independent of other commands. In spite of the severe cross-fire 
of cannon and musketry it was subjected to on this day, we sustained no loss at 
all, either in men or horses, with the exception of the dismounting of one of my 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 9 



130 REPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

guns. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and cannoneers, fought with the 
utmost bravery and to my entire satisfaction. 

I have the honor to be, general, your most obedient servant, 

H. DILGER, 
Captain Commanding Battery I, First Ohio Volunteer Artillery. 

Brigadier General G. Schurz, 

Commanding Third Divisicm, First Corps d' Armee. 



No. 26. 

REPORT OF CAPTAIN J. N. PATTERSON, COMMANDING sECOND NEW HAMPSHIRE 

VOLUNTEERS. 

Headciuartbrs Second New Hampshire Volunteers, 

First Brigade, Graver's Division, September 14, 1862. 
Sir : In accordance with instructions, I have to report the following as the 
proceedings of this regiment from the date of its araval at Alexandria, Virginia, 
from the vicinity of Harrison's Landing, Virginia : 

This regiment left Alexandria, Virginia, by railroad, on Monday, August 2b, 
1862, and arrived at Warrenton Junction during the night ; from thence went 
into camp about one mile from the point of debarkation. Subsequently we were 
engaged in marches and battling with the enemy until our arrival in the vicinity 
of Fort Lyon, Virginia, September 3, 1862. 

I have here to say that 1 possess no data from which to compile an adequate 
summary of the proceedings of the regiment from the date of its march from 
Alexandria, but know that Colonel Marston, now absent with leave at Washing- 
ton, is possessed of the required information, and desires to make the report 
thereon. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. N. PATTERSON, 
Captain Commanding Second New Hampshire Volunteers. 

Lieutenant 0. H. Lawrence, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. 27. 

REPORT OF MAJOR ROBERT L. BODINE, TWENTY-SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

HEADCiUARTERS 26TH ReGIjMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, 

First Brigade, Graver's Division, September 11, 1862. 

In compliance with orders from division headquarters, I have the honor to 
report, for the information of the colonel commanding brigade — 

That the regiment now in my command landed at Alexandria on the 23d day 
of August, 1862, and encamped near Fort Lyon. 

August 25th, left Alexandria, by rail, for Warrenton Junction. 

August 27th, skirmishing at Bristol Station. 

August 29th and 30th, engaged in the battles of Bull Run. 

August 31st, encamped at Centreville. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 131 

September 1st, inarched from Centreville. 
September 2d, arrived at camp near Fort Lyou. 
September 3d, arrived at our present encampment near Alexandria. 
I have tlie honor to be, very respectiullv, 

ROBERT L. BODINE. 
Major Commanding Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
Captain Lawrence, 

Acting Assistant A(ljuta7it General. 



No. 28. 
REPORT OF COLONEL J. BEARDSLEY, COMMANDING CAVALRY BRIGADE. 

Headquarters Cavalry Brigade, 1st Corps, Army of Virginia, 

Hall's Farm, Virginia, September 13, 1862. 

General: In making out a report of the active operations of the brigade of 
cavalry under my command, it appears proper that I should date it back to the 
battle of Cedar Mountain, on the 9th day of August, although we did not come 
up in time to participate in the battle, yet, on the following morning, my cavalry 
was sent out to patrol the different thoroughfares, examine the different fords, 
and reconnoitre the enemy's position, and continued a series of active operations, 
almost without rest, up to the time we arrived in the vicinity of the Potomac, 
on or about the 5th day of September instant. 

The horses of the command had been taxed to the utmost of their strength 
when we reached Warrenton Springs, on the 18th day of August. They had 
been almost constantly under tlie saddle since the battle of Cedar Mountain, 
haAnng been irregularly and scantily fed upon what the barrenness of the 
country afforded. When the series of engagements commenced along the Rap- 
pahannock, my brigade was in constant demand, and was moved here and there, 
either to guard different fords or examine the country. Much of my foi'ce was, 
at times, deta'h ,1 and placed under the different division and brigade com- 
manders. During the engagement at Freeman's Ford I was ordered over the 
river with six companies of cavalry to ascertain the position of the enemy, 
which I was not long in doing, for upon reaching the top of the river bank they 
were to be seen in strong force in front and down the river on our left, which 
fact I reported, and soon after received orders to return. There was no time 
that my brigade was not in Ci'Uj-taut requisition, moving with rapidity wherever 
ordered. When the corps moved, my brigade invariably took the post of "rear 
guard" and "Hankers." 

On the morning after our return to near Warrenton Springs I joined General 
Bayard's brigade, with three regiments and two mountain howitzers, and we 
proceeded together to the rear of Warrenton Springs, in the direction of Water- 
loo Bridge, the enemy's cavalry, about one thousand strong, retiring before us. 

On the afternoon of Augxist 25, while in the vicinity of Waterloo Bridge, I 
received orders to occupy Warrenton Springs with such of my command as I 
had at my disposal. I accordingly sent a company forward to carefully recon- 
noitre the place, and no sooner had its advance approached the springs than it 
was fired upon from the houses and adjoining fields, and it was reported to me 
that the enemy was there in force. I reported the fact, and received orders to 
shell the place, which I did, after examining the woods to my right and left. 
The enemy being seen to cross on the biu-uing timbers of the bridge which had 
been fired by our troops in the morning, and others wading, I ceased firing, and 



132 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

sent a small party first and then a squadron of cavalry to examine the place, 
and found it vacated. About this time the enemy opened with a battery from 
the opposite side of the river, and obtained our range. Their battery being of 
heavier calibre than our own, I drew back a short distance, and left pickets 
near the Warrenton House. The enemy then commenced shelling the place, 
and a shell" struck the Warrenton House. The building was soon in flames, 
whether from our own shells or those of the enemy, I am unable to say. That 
night at 12 o'clock we withdrew to Warrenton village. 

The next day (26th) I received orders to report with the 4th New York, 9th 
New York, 6th Ohio, and three companies of the Connecticut cavalry, with two 
pieces of artillery, to General Buford, which I did at midnight ; and on the 
morning of the 27tli I followed him in the direction of Salem, which place we 
reached about mid-day. Several prisoners were taken ; and here it was ascer- 
tained that Longstreet, Avith his command, was about two miles from us, on the 
way up to Salem, and Jackson had passed on towards White Plains, and was 
en route for Thoroughfare Gap. We soon left for White Plains, picking up 
several stragglers from the enemy, and Salem was occupied by Longstreet's 
forces in a few minutes after we left, as it was ascertained by our pickets left in 
the rear. We turned to the right from White Plains, and struck the road lead- 
ing back to Warrenton, which place we reached at 9 o'clock in the evening. 
The enemy was seen by our rear guard following ns up to Warrenton. We 
guarded Warrenton that night, all other troops having left, and also guarded the 
road in the direction of Gainesville ; and, on the 28th, brought up the rear of 
the army, joining the corps on the morning of the 29th. My horses were com- 
pletely worn out and almost in a starving condition. All along our route, from 
White Plains and from Warrenton to Bull Run, they were dropping down with 
their riders and dying, so that when I reported to you on the morning of the 
29th, most of my horses were iinable to carry the rider, and had to be led. 
Nevertheless I selected all that could possibly be used, and placed them on 
duty. About mid-day on the 30th, by your directions, I placed the 4th New 
York cavalry on the road to the left of our position on that day, with directions 
to send out patrols for a mile or more to the front and left ; but they had been 
there but a short time when they became engaged with the enemy's right. For 
a full report I would respectfully refer you to Lieutenant Colonel Nazer's report. 
On the evening of the 30th my command remained near the battle-field, and 
brought up the rear of the army to Centreville the next morning. 

Again a portion of my brigade brought up the rear of General Sumner's 
division from Fairfax on the 4th instant, a large portion having been detailed 
away to act with General Buford. 

When a short distance from Fairfax the enemy opened upon us with two 
pieces of artillery stationed to our left, and as we moved our position they 
changed theirs, and so continued to annoy us until their cavalry were drawn 
into a wood, near night, for the purpose of capturing our artillery, when a brigade 
of infantry rose and gave them a volley, and we were no longer disturbed, until 
at midnight we got into a thick wood at the cross-roads this side of Vienna, 
when they gave us a volley and retired, killing several and Avounding about 
twenty. 

It Avould be difficult to enumerate all the duties which my brigade performed. 
It could not have done more. Without transportation, A\dthout supplies, almost 
constantly in the saddle day and night, frequently engaged with the enemy, 
they bore all Avithout a murmur. 

I remain, general, most respectfully', your obedient servant, 

J. BEARDSLEY, 
Colonel 9tk Cavalry, Commanding Cavalry Brigade. 

Major General F. Sioel. 

Commanding 1st Corps, Army of Virginia. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 133 

No. 29. 

REPORTS OF COMMANDING OFFICERS OF FOURTH NEW YORK CAVALRY. 

Headquarters Sixth Ohio Cavalry, 

Hall's Farm, September 18, 1862. 
Adjutant : Enclosed find report and copy, wliich I forward in the colonel's 
ab.sence. 

Hoping it will be satisfactory to the general, 
I am, respectfully, 

R. J. WRIGHT, 
Adjutant Sixth Cavalry. 
Assistant Adjutant General Meysenburg. 



Headquarters Fourth New York Cavalry, 

Camp Hall's Farm, Virgima- 

CoLOMEL: I have the honor to report that on Saturday, the 30th August, 
1862, the regiment under my command was stationed by General Sigel upon the 
extreme left of the army to watch a road by which re-enforcements for the enemy 
were expected. I remained at this point until the left wing of our army gave 
way and a number of shells had been thrown amongst us, when, observing a 
large body of the enemy's cavalry emerging from a wood with the evident inten- 
tion of cutting off my command, I marched it to rejoin the army. I had pro- 
ceeded but a short distance when we came upon and passed two regiments of 
rebel cavalry, supported by infantry, and a battery drawn up in line, under cover 
of the crest of a hill, preparing to charge upon General Buford's brigade, sta- 
tioned on the opposite side of the hill. I informed General Buford of the ene- 
my's whereabouts and intention, and, at his request, quickly formed my com- 
mand into line behind the 1st Michigan cavalry, and Avith that regiment charged 
upon the enemy, scattering them in every direction. Reforming pur lines, we 
engaged a fresh regiment hand to hand, but finding that we received no support 
from the rear, and that we were greatly outnumbered by the enemy's cavalry, 
also being subject to a heavy fire from their infantry, which was now advancing 
at double quick, we were compelled to retire. The number of men of my regi- 
ment under my command on this occasion was but 130, of these 63 are killed, 
wounded, and missing, besides one officer killed. Lieutenant J. Mire. Our men 
charged upon the enemy with sabres only, receiving, as they did so, a hot fire 
from their revolvers, carbines, &c. 

Throughout the entire affair my command behaved with the greatest coolness 
and gallantry. 

F. NAZER, 
Lieutenant Colonel Commanding Fourth New York Cavalry. 



No. 30. 

REPORT OF COMMANDING OFFICER OF NINTH NEW YORK CAVALRY. 

Report of the movements of the Ninth New York cavalry during the month's 
campaign, ending September 12, 1862. 
1862. 

August IS. Commencing August 18, we formed the rear guard of General 
Sigel's corps in its retreat from the Rapidan river. 
20. Arrived at Sulphur Springs, Virginia. 



134 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

1862. 
August 21. Left Sulphur Springs and an-ived at Freeman's Ford, where, on the 
22d, we made several reconnoissances in front of the enemy. 

23. Left Freeman's Ford, and formed the advanced guard to General 

Schenck's division. On arriving at Fayetteville, were ordered 
by General Schenck to make a reconnoissance to Deep creek, 
about two miles from Sulphur Springs. On approaching the 
banks of the creek, our advanced skiiTuishers were fired upon by 
a party of the enemy. An active skirmish followed, in which 
we silenced the enemy without suffering loss ourselves. We held 
our position vintii General Milroy's brigade came to our assist- 
ance, when a brisk fight followed. 

24. We were ordered to return to Fayetteville to cover the rear of the 

army. 

25. We were again ordered to proceed to Sulphur Springs. As we 

were crossing Deep creek, we were opened upon by artillery and 
infantry, and were obliged to retire a short distance, and proceed 
by another road to Warrenton. 

26. We returned to Fayetteville, and escorted a portion of General 

Sigel's train to Warrenton. 

27. We were sent with oiu' brigade on a reconnoissance to Salem and 

White Plains. Our advanced skirmishers captured quite a num- 
ber of prisoners. 

28. W^e reported to General Sigel near the Bull Run battle-field. 

29. We lay all day in rear of our forces, as a reserve, during the battle. 

30. When the panic began we formed line in single rank, in front of 

our retreating forces, to check the retreat of our disorganized 
troops from the field. 

31. We proceeded to Centreviile, where we remained untiF the after- 

noon of September 1, when we were ordered to report to General 
Buford, at Germantown. 
Sept'ber 2. Wc we^ 3 ordered by General Buford to proceed to the incomplete 
rail'T/ad west of Fairfax Court-House, to cover the rear of Gen- 
eral Sigel's Corp.-. Our advanced skinnishers were there attacked 
by a party of the Ciiemy, and in a skirmish that followed we lost 
two men killed sad one wounded. 

During the entire campaign daily detachments were made from our regiment 
for reconnoitring, picket, and patrol duty. 

CHARLES McLEAN KNOX, 
Major Commanding 9th Neiv York Cavalry. 



No. 31. 
EEPORT OF COMMANDING OFFICER OK SIXTH OHIO CAVALRY. 
HEADaUARTRRS 6TH ReOIMENT 0H!0 VOLUNTEER CaVALRV, 

Hair.s Fa7?n, D. C, September 13, 1862. 

General: Li obedience to general orders, this morning received, I respect- 
fully submit the following report of the operations of the regiment under my 
commaiid during the march of the army from Rapidan river : 

My regiment had just returned from a reconnoissance to Stannardville, which 
occupied two days and nights, when we were ordered to prepare for our retro- 
grade march with the army. We went into the saddle at 4 o'clock in the after- 
noon, but did not leave the camp until the afternoon of the next day, the regi- 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 135 

ment serving with tlic cavalry brigade, which constituted the rear guard of your 
corps. 

We passed through Culpeper about nine o'clock at night, and about two 
o'clock in the morning rested a few miles from the south branch of the Rappa- 
hannock, on the road to Sulphur Springs. Our march was resumed in the 
morning, and we crossed the bridge on the road to the springs with the brigade 
before noon, and a detail from my regiment assisted in burning the bridge. We 
went into camp with the army at the springs about 9 p. m. 

The next morning Ave were ordered to mount at 4 a. m., but did not move 
from the camp until 3 in the afternoon, when we proceeded in the rear of the 
corps in the direction of Rappahannock Station. 

That night we halted in the middle of the camp, on the road, saddled and 
unfed, until 7 o'clock the next morning, when we continued our march toward 
Rappahannock Station. 

About 9 in the morning I was directed by you to report with my regiment to 
General Schenck, then engaging the enemy at the north branch of the river, 
near its confluence with the south branch. 

I found General Schenck at the extreme right of his command, near " Fant's 
Ford." He directed me to put my regiment in position to guard the ford and 
support a battery, which he shortly afterwards sent to that point. 

About one o'clock in the afternoon I was directed to report to you for par- 
ticular instructions, and was ordered by you to proceed with my regiment, one 
regiment of infantry to be furnished for the purpose by General Stahel, and one 
section of the mountain howitzer battery, and cross the river at Fant's Ford. 
The " Stone House " opposite the ford I was instructed to burn in case 1 should 
find it a protection for the enemy, whose pickets had been firing on us from the 
house during the morning. I was notified that a brigade would be sent across 
the river at the ford two miles below us. Our passage across the ford was or- 
dered to be covered by artill<^ry and infantry by General Stahel. 

We crossed the ford, the enemy's pickets retiring before us. At the distance 
of a mile from the river we found, at different points, a considerable force of 
cavalry and some infantry, wdio fell back as our advance or flanking parties 
approached them. 

Whilst across the river we found a very sharp engagement suddenly com- 
menced below us, which we subsequently found was brought on by the brigade 
which crossed at the lower ford. By direction of General Stahel we recrossed 
the river, and encamped within gunshot of the ford for the night. 

The next morning the entire corps retraced its march towards Sulphur Springs. 
During the march our brigade was left under my command. We. reached the 
camping ground in the neighborhood of the springs in the evening, whilst an 
artillery engagement at that place was going on with great spirit. Before 
reaching the camp some five thousand troops, cavalry, infantry, and artillery, 
wer ■ crowded into a narrow space, delayed by the trains which blocked up the 
ro;va, whilst the stray shot and shell falling in our midst showed we were, 
without the apparent knowledge of the enemy, within destructive range of hie 
guns. 

The next day we served with the brigade in reconnoitring in the neighbor- 
hood of the springs. In the afternoon four companies of my regiment, under 
command of Captain Bingham, were sent back to report to General Reno, and 
assist in escorting his train. The remainder of the regiment proceeded with 
you late in the evening, as a part of your escort, towards Waterloo Bridge, and 
encamped some two miles from the springs. 

The next morning we reached the hill a mile from the bridge, and then watched 
the movements of the enemy in his march from Fayetteville, some five miles 
distant, from daylight until noon. We then returned with the brigade to the 
springs, taking with us the mountain howitzers. In driving out a party of the 



136 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

enemy from the springs our howitzers attracted the fire from the enemy's battery 
across the river, whilst a shell from a howitzer set fire to the buildings at the 
springs, a considerable portion of which was thereby destroyed. At 10 o'clock 
at night, with the brigade acting as rear guard, we proceeded to Warrenton, 
reaching that place about 2 o'clock in the morning, resting until daylight in the 
street, when we went into camp. 

At 4 o'clock in the afternoon I was directed, by Colonel Beardsley, to report 
with the bi-igade to General Buford, on the road to Waterloo Bridge. We en- 
camped with him that night, and the next morning, joined by Colonel Beardsley, 
we accompanied General Buford and his command to Sidem and White Plains, 
At the former place some fifty prisoners were taken, who were sent back to 
Warrenton, under charge of Lieutenant Wyatt, of my regiment. Here was dis- 
covered the important fact that a large force of the enemy under Jackson had 
passed through these villages and through Thoroughfare Gap towards Manassas 
Junction the day before our an-ival, and that a larger force was then following 
him, and but a short distance from Saiem. 

We retunu^d to Warr'^nton with the brigade, and again rested in the high 
road without forage for horses until daylight, the other troops of the corps having 
left Warrenton during the preceding day. The next morning we proceeded 
toward Manassas Junction. 

As we approached Manassas, in the evening, we found, from heavy firing 
ovi our left, that some part of our army had engaged the enemy. We learned 
that you had proceeded in the direction of the battle-ground, near which we 
came up with the corps and remained there ixntil morning. 

Early the next morning we furnished a detail of fifty men, being nearly all that 
could be provided with serviceable horses. The regiment then went into camp 
near the battle-field of the 29th. 

Excepting the detail already mentioned, certain aides and orderlies serving 
with yourself and General Steinwehr, my command was not on duty during the 
day, and was not again ordered out until 5 o'clock in the evening of the 30th.. 
The whole brigade was then formed to arrest the retreat of the straggling in- 
fantry, at that time an object of great concern, occasioned, as I knew, by the 
sudden shifting of the line of battle from the right to the centre and left wing. 
Whilst my regiment was in line for this purpose, a shot fell in the ranks of com- 
pany H, cutting off the fore legs of a horse. Another fell into a group of 
mounted men, immediately to the rear of my line, cutting off both arms of a 
mounted man. These shots, to my surprise, seemed to come from the extreme 
right of the line of battle. We were shortly afterwards ordered to withdraw, 
and, with the brigade conducted by Colonel Beardsley, we moved on towards 
Centreville with the then retreating army. We reached Centreville about mid- 
night. The next day, Sunday, we rested, sending one company, Captain Ri- 
chart, to report to your headquarters. 

Monday iiiternoon I was ordered, with my regiment and the 9th New York 
and two companies of the 1st Connecticut, to report to General Bufm-d, then on 
the road leading to Fairfax. A short distance from camp we found we had 
turned off the main road northward, and we followed in the same direction. 
We soon came up with the column of General lleno, whose skirmishers were 
there engiiging the enemy then approaching the left of our line on the Centre- 
ville road, evidently for the purpose of cutting off our trains. 

We passed close to Reno's column, following the course taken by General 
Buford. We turned the right of Reno's line when the battle was apparently 
hottest, a thurder- storm, in terrific fury, breaking forth at the same time. We 
found General Buford just at night posted on the road leading from Fairfiix to- 
wards Leesburg, only a hundred yards from the Centreville pike, and apparently 
not more than half a mile from the battle-ground where Generals Kearney and 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 137 

Stevens fell. General Buford assigned us a position neai' the pike, which we 
occupied until morning. # 

At daylight we found in position, on the same groimd, the divisions of Majors 
General Hooker and Couch, and subsequently, on the Centreville road, to the 
left of their lines, the division of General Franklin. General Buford ordered 
the 9th New York on some detached duty, and left me with the 6th Ohio and 
two companies of the 1st Conjiecticut to take orders from Major General 
Hooker. 

About four o'clock in the afternoon I was ordered by this officer to move 
my cavalry forward half a mile on the Jjeesburg road to watch the enemy, whose 
moving column was there visible. In the meantime his command and Frank- 
lin's were both withdrawn towards Fairfex. He then sent an order directing 
me to call in my pickets and return slowly to the forks of the road, and report 
there to General Bayard. I found General Bayard at that point with a large 
body of cavalry, and, by his orders, joined his column and marched to Alex- 
andria, arriving there about daylight in the morning. 

The evening of the same day I reported to you near the Chain Bridge, and 
by your direction went iuto camp at the headquarters of Colonel Beardsley, a 
mile above the Chain Bridge. 

During this eventful march of the army our horses suffered constantly from 
excessive work and Avant of forage. No day passed in which we did not lose 
from one to ten from sheer exhaustion. The result is, that for our two battalions, 
still numbering 596 men, we need 448 horses to render my command effective. 

The hard service and hard fare of my men were endured without murmuring. 
No enlisted man was arrested for sti'aggling, and but two appear on the rolls of 
the 30th as missing. No officer of my regiment, during this fatiguing and dis- 
heartening march, absented himself from duty. 

Our regimental surgeon. Dr. Finch, employed and assigned to duty in my 
regiment by the State of Ohio, has been serving, since the 29th ultimo, in the- 
general hospital, and is now on duty at Alexandria. His faithful services there 
are entitled to especial mention. 

Verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. II. LLOYD, 
Colonel Commanding Qth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. 

Major General Sigel, 

Commanding \st Corps, Army of Virginia. 



No. 32. 
REPORT OF COMMANDIInG OFFICEE OF FIRST rilARYLAND CAVALRY. 

Headquarters First Regiment Maryland Cavalry, 

Hall's Farm, Virginia, September 17, 1862. 

Pursuant to order this day received, the following report of the part taken 
by this command, in the recent battles on the Rappahannock and Bull Run, is 
respectfully forwarded : 

The regiment, in common with General Sigel's corps, left Sulphiar Springs 
on the 21st instant, under orders to proceed to Fayettevilie, arriving near Gen- 
eral Pope's headquarters at about 1 o'clock p. m. At about 3 p. m. the com- 
mand moved to the right, and after remaining for some time on the right flank 
was bivouacked for the night, about two miles from General Pope's headquar- 
ters. During the night a portion of the command, under Major Deems, made a 
reconnoissance near the river bank, and were fired upon by the enemy's infantry. 
Early on the morning of the 22d the regiment was ordered to proceed to Free- 



138 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

man's Ford, nenr which place it remained during the day, doing duty at scouting, 
pAtrolHng, &c., and bivouacking during the night. On the 23d the command 
returned to Sulphur Springs, arriving at that place about 3 p. m. In common 
with the brigade, this regiment bivouacked near Sulphur Springs ; and on the 
morning of the 24th moved to the right, near Waterloo Bridge, discovering the 
enemy's pickets on the bank of the river, a short distance from the bridge. 
Returning to Sulphur Springs, and remaining there until about 2 p. m., when 
the command of General Sigel moved towards Waterloo Bridge, encamping 
about thre(^ miles from the bridge for the night. On the morning of the 25th 
moved to a piece of woods near Waterloo Bridge, and during the day did heavy 
duty at scouting and patrolling. About dark moved with the corps towards 
Warrenton. arriving at Warrenton about 8 a. m. of the morning of the 26th. 
The reghnent remained at Warrenton until morning of the 27th, during the 
intervening time doing duty at scouting and reconnoitring; and on the morning of 
the 27th moved towards Gainesville, a portion of the regiment being in advance, 
and two companies acting as a rear guard. When near Gainesville the advance 
of General Sigel's corps fell in with the enemy, and the portion of this command 
that was in the advance did good service in picking up the scatterei'S from the 
enemy's force, encamping for the night near Gainesville, and proceeding on 
towards Manassas Junction early on the morning of the 28th instant. During 
the 2Sth the regiment was very actively engaged in scouting, flanking, and re- 
connoitring, and succeeded in capturing between seventy and eighty prisoners. 
On the afternoon of the 28th a detachment of thirty men, under the regimental 
adjutant, discovered, near Bull Run, a large force of confederate cavalry in line, 
and heavy bodies of infontry and artillery passing towards Gainesville. On 
reporting to a brigade general, probably General Schenck, he was ordered to 
advance and discover who they were. After succeeding in capturing thirty- 
three prisoners, fifteen of whom were abandoned afterwards, because of being 
closely pressed, and having no knowledge of re-enforcements coming, the squad 
was met by Captain Arnussen, of Geufiral Sigel's staff, with a detachment of 
cavalry, and ere long the corps of General Sigel moved in that direction. Dur- 
ing Friday, the 29th, Lieutenant Colonel Wetschky, with a portion of his com- 
mand, were engaged in scouting and flanking, the remainder of the command 
being stationed near the headquarters of General Sigel. On Friday night the 
regiment, which for four days had been acting in detached bodies, was again 
consolidated, and early on the morning of the 30th was ordered to report to 
Colonel Beardsley, commanding cavalry brigade. During the battle of the 30th 
the cavalry was held in reserve until the left wing gave way, when an effort 
was made by the cavalry to stop the stragglers. After remaining at this duty 
until orders were received from the brigade commander to form a line of battle 
to the right of the retreating column, scarcely had the line been formed, when 
a battery of the enemy commenced shelling the line. After falling behind a 
hill, out of range of the shell, and being ordered to remain there until receiv- 
ing further orders, the regiment was left without orders until the bridge over 
Bull Run had been nearly destroyed, when the officer, in charge of the party 
who were ordered to destroy, sent a message for the cavalry to come up in great 
haste, that he had just discovered that they were still in the rear. After fording 
the stream, remained with the rear guard until arriving at near Centreville. On 
rejoining the cavalry biigade, which was on the 31st August, the command re- 
mained on duty at Centreville, Fairfax Court-House, and intervening points, 
arriving at Langley, Virginia, on the morning of the 3d September. Although 
from the fact of the regiment being so much scattered, it was prevented from 
accomplishing as much as might have been otherwise ; still I feel justified in 
stating that the command behaved in a creditnble maimer. 
Very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 

CH. WETSCHKY, 
Lirvtcnant Colonel Com man d in q. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 139 



No. 33. 

REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL R. C. SCHENCK, (BY COLONEL OITESlE- 

BROUGH.) 

Washington, D. C, September 17, 1862. 

General : I have tlie honor to make the following report of the part taken 
by the 1st division, 1st corps, army of Virginia, in the battle of Friday, the 
30th ultimo, at Bull Run : 

On Thursday, the 29th ultimo, we left Buckland's Mills, passing through 
Gainesville, and proceeded on the Manassas Junction pike to within some four 
miles of that place, and then turned eastwardly, marching towards "Bull Run." 
The scouts in advance reported a force of the enemy, consisting of infantry and 
cavalry in front. We were hurried forward and formed line of battle, with our 
right towards Centreville. Some few shell were thrown into a clump of woods 
in front where the enemy were last seen, but without eliciting any response. 
Some two hours elapsed when heavy firing was heard on our left, which we 
concluded was from McDowell's corps and the enemy who had worked around 
from our front in that direction. We were immediately put in motion and 
marched on the Warrenton road, and took position for the night on y hill east 
of "Stone House," our right resting on the pike. On Friday morning early 
the engagement was commenced by General Slilroy on our right, in which we 
soon after took part, and a rapid artillery fire ensued from both sides. For 
some time heavy columns of the enemy coidd be seen filing out of a wood in 
front and gradually falling back. They were within range of our guns, which 
were turned on them, and must have done some execution. An hour after we 
received the order to move one brigade by the flank to the left and advance, 
which was done. We here obtained a good position for artillery, and stationed 
De Beck's 1st Ohio battery, which did excellent service, dismounting one of 
the enemy's guns, blowing up a caisson, and silencing the battery. Unfortu- 
nately, however, they were poorly supplied with amunition, and soon compelled to 
withdraw. Our two brigades were now put in motion. General Stahel, com- 
manding 1st brigade, marching around the right of the hill to a hollow in front, 
was ordered to drav,- up in line of battle and halt. Colonel McLean advanced 
around the left of the hill under cover of the woods, pressing gradually forAvard 
until he struck the turnpike at a white house, about one-half mile in advance of 
the stone house. General Milroy's brigade arrived about the same time. We 
here halted and sent back for General Stahel. who took the pike and soon 
joined us. We then formed our line of battle in the woods to the left of the 
pike, our right resting on the road, and then pushed on slowly. Milroy, in the 
meanwhile, had deployed to the right of the road, and soon became engaged 
with the enemy. Our division was advanced until we reached the edge of the 
woods and halted. In front of us was an open space (which also extended to 
the right of the road and to our right,) beyond which was another wood. We 
remained here nearly an hour, the tiring in the meanwhile becoming heavy on 
the right. The enemy had a battery very advantageously placed on a high 
ridge, behind the woods in front of Milroy, on the right of the road It was 
admirably served, and entirely concealed. Our position becoming known, their 
fire was directed towards us. The general determined therefore to advance, 
and so pushed on across the open space in front, and took position in the woods 
beyond ; we here discovered that we were on the battle-ground of the night before, 
and found the hospital of Gibbon's brigade who had engaged the enemy. 
The battery of the enemy still continued ; we had no artillery ; De Beck's and 
Schirmer's ammunition having given out, and Buell's battery which had re- 
ported, after a hot contest with the enemy ,(who had every advantage in position 
and range,) was compelled to retire. It was now determined to flank the bat- 
tery and capture it, and for this purpose General Schenck ordered one of his 



140 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

aides to reconnoitre the position. Before he returned, however, we were requested 
by General Mih-oy to assist him, as he was very lieavily pressed. General 
Stahel was immediately ordered to proceed with his brigade to Milroy's support. 
It was about this time, one or two o'clock, that a line of skirmishers were ob- 
served approaching us from the rear; they proved to be of General Reynolds's 
division. We communicated with General Reynolds at once, who took his po- 
sition on our left, and at General Schenck suggestion he sent a battery to our 
right in the woods for the purpose of flanking the enemy. They secured a 
position and were engaged with him about an hour, but with what result we 
were not informed. General Reynolds now sent us word that he had dieovered 
the enemy bearing down upon his left in heavy columns, and that he intended 
to fall back to the first woods behind the cleared space, and had already put his 
troops in motion. We therefore accommodated ourselves to his movement. 
It was about this time that your order came to press towards the right. We 
returned answer that the enemy were in force in front of us, and that we could 
not do so without leaving the left much exposed. General Schenck again 
asked for some artillery. General Slahel's brigade that had been sent to Gen- 
eral Milroy's assistance, having accomplished its object under a severe fire, had 
returned, and soon after General Stevens reported with two regiments of infan- 
try and a battery of four twenty -pound Parrott guns. With these re-enforce- 
ments we determined to advance again and reoccupy the woods in front of the 
cleared space, and communicated this intention to General Reynolds. He, 
however, had fallen back on our left some distance to the rear; he was therefore 
requested to make his connexion with our left. The Parrotts, in the meanwhile, 
were placed in position, and under the admirable management of Lieutenant 
Benjanin did splendidly. Two mountain howitzers also reported, and were 
placed on our right in the edge of the woods, near the road, and commenced 
shelling the woods in front of the open space, which were now occupied by the 
enemy, our skirmishers having previously fallen back. The artillery fire now 
became very severe, and General Schenck was convinced that it was very essen- 
tial that he should have another battery, and so sent me to you to get one. 
I arrived to find one. Captain Romer's, just starting. You also directed me to 
order General Schenck to fall gradually back, as he was too far forward. This 
he had perceived, and anticipating, fell slowly back, placing his division behind 
the slope of the hill, in front of the one we had occupied in the morning. 
Captain Romer's battery in the meanwhile had taken position in front of the 
white house on the right of the pike, a little in advance of the hill on which we 
were; Lieutenant Benjamin's battery had suffered severely, so much so, that he 
reported only one section fit for duty, the other having lost all its cannoneers. 
They were placed in position and fired one or two rounds at the woods in front 
of the position we had just left, more to get tiie range than anything else. We 
were now ordered to descend the hill, cross the road, and take up our position 
behind the house, in front of which was Captain Romer's battery. This we did 
deploying the brigades in line of battle, the 2d brigade in front, and the 1st 
brigade in the rear. We remained so during the night. 

The above report is respectfully submitted, with the remark that it is made 
without any communication with General Schenck, he being severely wounded 
and prevented by his surgeon's orders from attending to any business whatever. 
And although fully assured that the main points are correct, there may have 
been some orders or movements of minor importance, which, in my position as 
aide, carrying orders, might not have come within my notice. 
I am, general, your most obedient servant, 

WM. H. CHESEBROUH, 
A. D. C. and A. A. A. (r., 1st Division, 1st Corps, Army of Virgima. 

Major General F. SuiEL, 

Commanding ly.t Corps, Army of Virginia. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 141 

Washington, D. C, September 21, 1862. 
General : I have the honor to submit a continuation of the report of the 
active participation of the 1st division in the battles of the 29th and 30th 
ultimo. 

I have already stated the position taken by the division after the battle of 
Friday, the 29th. We remained in this position until about one o'clock p. m. 
of Saturday, the 30th ultimo, when we were ordered to form column by division — 
by battalion. This was accomplished after some difficulty, occasioned by large 
bodies of troops, pouring in from our rear, getting in between the brigades, and 
causing great confusion and much countermarching. After the movement was 
completed we stood as follow.s : to the right of the pike and to the rear of 
Dogan's farm ; the 2d brigade in front of the 1st brigade. We remained there 
for some time, when you ordered us to detail one regiment to march to a point 
on the left of the road, for the purpose of making a connexion with General 
Eeynolds, on our left. The 55th regiment Ohio volunteers was selected by 
Colonel McLcau, commanding 2d brigade, and proceeded, under the direction of 
one of your aides, to the designated place. Soon after you ordered us to send a 
battery, with a brigade to support it, across and to the left of the road, to oc- 
cupy a bald hill. This order was executed by sending the 2d brigade. Colonel 
McLean, who placed his three remaining regiments on tlie slope of the hill, under 
cover and Avithin easy supporting distance of the battery, \\'hich was placed on 
the crest. 

General Stahel, commanding the 1st brigade, at the same time marched for- 
ward and took position in advance of that but recently occupied by the 2d, 
and on either side of Dogan's house, in the following order: Schirmer's battery 
on the crest of the hill, joining two other batteries that were already there, 
with the 45th, 27th, and 8th behind it, to the right of the houses, and the 41st 
regiment to the left of the houses, and on the other side of the road. The 2d 
brigade had hardly taken their position on the bald hill when General Reynolds 
put his troops in motion, marching past their entire front to some point on the 
right or rear, thus leaving Colonel McLean on the extreme left without other 
support. This movement on the part of General Reynolds necessitated a change 
in the position of the troops, which was done by placing the battery in the cen- 
tre and two regiments on either side, (the 55th regiment having rejoined the 
brigade,) and deploying them in line of battle, fronting west. It was at this 
time, while all attention M^as directed to the front, where General Porter was 
hotly engaged, that a heavy column of the enemy were seen advancing on 
McLean's front, driving before them a regiment of zouaves, and also rejDulsiug 
some other troops who advanced to meet them from his right. Colonel McLean 
now opened on them with his four pieces of artillery, throwing shell, and, as 
they approached nearer, canister. The infantry also commenced a heavy fire, 
and in a short time they were compelled to retreat, which they did in great con- 
fusion. At this time a large force was seen advancing from a piece of woods to 
the left and rear, but they were supposed to be friends, from the fact of their 
clothes being dark. Soon after this another body o'f the enemy marched out of 
the woods, acro.ss the position lately occupied by General Reynolds, and com- 
menced a heavy fire on the left flank, which was replied to with interest, and 
the contest became very severe. Almost at the same time those whom we had 
taken for our own men opened a heavy fire on our rear. General Schenck then 
gave the order to change front, so as to repel this attack. This manoeuvre was 
well executed, the regiments wheeling by battalion, and coming up into line, 
froaiting the enemy, in fine order. It was about this time that you ordered 
General Milroy up to the assistance of Colonel McLean, but OAving to some con- 
tradictory orders only one, regiment, the 5th Virginia, Colonel Zeigler, went up 
the hill, the others going in a different direction. 



142 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

The fight now raged fiercely ; but so heavy and continuous a fire was deliv- 
ered by the 2d brigade that the enemy were again compelled to retire. Our 
men followed them closely, and would undoubtedly have driven them from the 
field had it not been for another force of the enemy which was seen advancing 
on the right flank from the point where they had first been driven back — the 
late front. It was about this time that General Schenck was wounded and 
carried off the field. He had been in the thickest of the fight, cheering and 
rallying the men, and at the moment he received the wound he Avas gallantly 
leading on a regiment of Peimsylvania troops to the support of McLean. 

The tide of battle now turned. After fighting most successfully against supe- 
rior and steadily increasing numbers without any support, and their right flank 
threatened, they were compelled to retire. The order was given, and they fell 
back across the bald hill, and, following the road towards Centreville, halted at 
a white house on the left of the road, a half mile from the stone house, where 
they commenced to reorganize. 

It was about the time that the 2d brigade was retiring from the bald hill 
that General Stahel was ordered to send a regiment to its support. The 41st 
New York, and, about the same time. Colonel Koltes's brigade of General Schurz's 
division, followed, a short time after, by Colonel Krzyzanowski's brigade, 
marched up the hill ; but they amved too late to render any assistance to 
McLean, and, after fighting most gallantly against heavy odds, were compelled 
to yield. The enemy followed up their advantage vigorously, took possession 
of the hill, and pressed steadily on to the road. General Stahel now moved the 
8th New York and 27th Pennsylvania across the heights to the right and rear of 
Dogan's farm, leaving the 45th New York to protect Schirmer's battery, which he 
placed on the hill to the rear of Dogan's house, and dkected its fire on the ad- 
vancing enemy. The enemy still continued to approach. The 45th now changed 
their position to between the pike and Dogan's house, and succeeded in checking 
the enemy's advance and drawing them back across the road. General Stahel 
then fell back, taking the road across the heights behind the stone house to a 
position on the left (west) of the road, and here assembled his brigade. Colonel 
McLean soon alter reported, and then General Stahel assumed command, on hear- 
ing that General Schenck had been wounded. 

I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

WM. H. CHESEBROUGH, 
Acting Assistant Adjuta?it General. 

Upon mentioning to General Schenck that I had been requested to make a 
report of Saturday's proceedings, and while unable, in his present condition, 
even to revise what I have written, he yet desires me to say that he wishes to 
express his approbation of the coolness and bravery displayed by General Stahel, 
Colonel McLean, and the officers and men of their respective brigades; and 
also to commend Lieutenant Blume, and Lieutenant Hinchman, commander of 
the batteries, for the active and efficient service they performed. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WM. H. CHESEBROUGH, , 
Aide-de-Camp and Acting Assistant Adjutant General. 



Washington, D. C, October 20, 1862. 

General : la reply to General Reynolds's letter of the 9th instant, I have 
the honor to make the following remarks : 

I can discover but little difference between the statements of General Rey- 
nolds and my report. 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 143 

He states, firstly, "that his division manoeuvred on our left from early in the 
morning until we had gained the position alluded to on the pike, near Gibbon's 
battle-ground of the evening previous." This I do not attempt to deny. I 
merely give in my report, the time when we first became acquainted with his 
(General Reynolds's) position. 

He then says that -'it was here that General Scheiick asked me tor a bat- 
tery," which agrees entirely with my report, with the exception that I did not 
enter so much into the details. 

He then remarks that "in returning from this position to bring up the other 
battery and Seymour's brigade, I passed through Schenck's troops drawn up on 
the right of the woods before alluded to, in which Gibbon had been engaged." 
But in bringing up the battery and Seymour's brigade, he noticed that 
" Schenck's troops had disajipeared from this position, ajid were nowhere in 
sight." In the first place. General Reynolds is incorrect in his impression of 
our position. 

Our troops were always on the left of the pike throughout the day, except 
Avhen the brigade under General Stahel was sent to Milroy's assistance. 

Our position before Stahel moved was in the woods which had been occupied 
as a hospital by Gibbon's brigade to the left of the pike. General Stahl's right 
resting on the road, and Colonel McLean's brigade on his left, the woods in 
which Gibbon had had his pi'incipal fighting being across the pike, and to our 
right. 

At the time that General Reynolds returned from placing the battery and 
Meade's brigade, it is probable that he passed through General Stahel's brigade, 
which was in motion and had gained the right of the pike on its way to join 
Milroy, and that afterwards, when General Reynolds was bringing up Ransom's 
battery and Seymour's brigade, they were gone, which accouiits for his im- 
pression that "he was left alone;" he soon discovered his error, hoM'ever, as 
he states in his letter, "in domg which McLean's brigade was discovered." 

Colonel McLean still held his position, and was immediately moved so that 
his right would rest on the pike, and General Reynolds made his movement to 
con'espond. 

It was about this time that our position was changed, but not because we 
had ascertained that we were disconnected from the rest of Sigel's troops. 

We had been and were well aware of our position. 

It is true we had advanced further than was intended, being constantly urged 
by General Sigel to advance, and pressed towards the right, he evidently not 
iinderst<anding our true position. We fell back, however, on account of the in- 
formation received from General Reynolds, that the enemy were bearing down 
on his left. General Reynolds did not communicate directly with General 
Schenck, as it would appear from my report, but the information was received 
through Colonel McLean, who told General Schenck ■ hat General Reynolds had 
informed him "that the enemy were bearing down, &c., and that he (Reynolds) 
intended to fall back, and has actually commenced the movement." Colonel 
McLean wished to know if he should act accordingly ; General Schenck di- 
rected him to accommodate himself to General Reynolds's movement. 

We retired slowly across the open space to and within the Avoods and halted; 
General Stahel rejoined us here, and General Stevens also reported with two 
regiments of infantry and a battery. General Stevens's force was thrown to the 
right of the pike, General Stahel on the left of the pike, and Colonel McLean 
to the left of Stahel. I here state in my report that General Schenck, on re- 
ceiving these re-enforcements, determined to advance again and communicated 
his intention to General Reynolds. I carried this message myself, and after 
some difficulty found General Reynolds, and requested him to halt and form on 
the left of McLean, fie had fallen back, however, some distance to the rear of 
McLean's line of battle, so much so that the enemy's skirmishers had actually 



144 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

fljinkerl u>^, and in retiuiiiiig to the division I had a narrow escape from being- 
captured. I also asked General Reynolds to ride forward to meet General 
Schenck, who had directed me to say that he would be at the extreme left of 
our line for that purpose. General Reynolds neither gave me any positive 
answer as to whether he would meet General Schenck, or any information as 
to what he intended to do. I do not know if he complied with the request to 
make his connexion on our left, as, on my return to General Schenck, 1 was 
immediately sent to General Sigel to represent our position, and when returning 
ao-ain with the order to General Schenck to retire slowly, I met the command 

o 

executing the movement. 

My report was intended merely as a sketch of our movements for General 
Sigel's infomiation, and I endeavored throughout to be as concise as possible, 
and confine myself solely to the operations and movements of our division. I 
now submit tiie above statement, trusting that the explanations will be satis- 
factory to General Reynolds. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WM. H. CHESEBROUGH, 
Lieut, llth Infantry, and A. D. C. to Majof General Schenck. 
Major General McDowell, U. S. A., !^v., ^r. 



Ko. 34. 

EEPOET OF OOLONEL KEZYZANOWSKI. COMMA N" DING SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD 

DIVISION. 

Headquarters 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 

Near Arlington Heights, September 3, 1862. 

At about half-past five o'clock a. m., on the 29th of August I received orders 
from General Schurz to advance with my brigade. It was done in the following 
order : Two regiments, in company column, left in front, and one regiment, the 
54th New York volunteers, as reserve. On the right of rue was Colonel Schim- 
elpfennig with his brigade, and on the left General Milroy's brigade. A line of 
skirmishers having been established, we advanced towards the woods, through 
which the Manassas Gap railroad runs. As soon as we entered the woods I 
despatched my adjutant to ascertain whether the line of skirmishers was kept 
up on both wings, and finding such was not the case, and that I had advanced 
a little faster than General Milroy's and Colonel Schimelpfennig's column, I 
halted my skirmishers to wait until the line was re-established. However, being 
informed that General Milroy was advancing, I sent the 54th regiment to take 
position on my right wing and to try and find the lines of Colonel Schimelpfennig's 
skirmishers, and then I advanced, together with the former. 

Scarcely had the skirmishers passed over two hundred yards when they 
became engaged with the enemy. For some time the firing was kept up, but 
our skirmishers had to yield at last to the enemy's advancing column. At this 
time I ordered my regiments up, and a genexal engagement ensued. Howe\'er, 
I soon noticed that the 54th and 58th regiments had to fall back, owing to the 
furious fire of the enemy, who had evidently thrown his forces exclusively upon 
those two regiments. The 75th regiment Pennsylvania volunteers, which, up to 
this time, had not taken part in this engagement, Avas (at the time the 58th and 
54th retired) now nobly led on, by Lieutenant Colonel Mahler, upon the right 
flank of the enemy, and kept him busy until I had brought the 58th at a double 
quick up to its previous position, when those two regiments successfully drove 
the enemy before them, thereby gaining the position of the Manassas Gap railroad 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 145 

The 54tli had meanwhile been ordered by General Schurz to take position 
■\vitli the 29th regiment NeAv York State volunteer;?, in the interval of my brigade 
and that of Colonel Schimelpfennig. 

At this time I observed on my right the brigade of General Uoberts, to whom 
I explained ni}^ position, after which we advanced together a short distance; but 
he soon withdrew his forces, ascertaining that he got his brigade in between 
the column of our division. AVe had occupied the above-named position only a 
short time when the enemy again tried to force us back ; but the noble conduct 
of my troops did not allow him to carry out his design, and he did not gain 
.one inch of ground. We Avere thus enabled to secure our wounded and some of 
our dead, and also some of the enemy's wounded, belonging to the 10th South 
Carolina regiment. We held this position until two p. m., Avhen we Avere re- 
lieved by a brigade of General Kearney's division, and retired about one-fourth 
of a mile towards our rear, wliere Ave also encamped for the night. 

Most nobly did the troops behaA^e. Amongst the officers I must mention the 
names of Lieutenant Colonel Mahler, 75th i*egiment Pennsylvania volunteers; 
Lieutenant Gehrke, of the same regiment, avIio Avas in command of the skir- 
mishers ; and Lieutenant W. Bowen, Avho was, on that day, acting adjutant of 
that regiment. Of the officers of the 58th regiment New York State volunteers, I 
haA^e to make particular mention of the gallant conduct of Major William 
Henkel, Avho was Avounded, but Avho remained for three hours longer on the 
battle-field, until his pains became too violent ; also of the adjutant. Lieutenant 
Stoldt, of that regiment, avIio did valuable service Avith the skirmishers. Of the 
54th regiment New York State volunteers. Lieutenant Colonel Ashby and Ad- 
jutant Brandt deserA^e great credit. The different members of my staff executed 
my orders promptly ; Captain Theune being severely Avounded Avhile performing 
his duty, and Lieutenant Schmidt most gallantly cheered the men and conducted 
the line of skirmishers to my greatest satisfaction. Captain Maluski and Captain 
Weide did valuable service on that day. 

On the succeeding day, August 30, at about eight a. m., I received orders 
to form my regiments, company column left in front. This being done, a neAV 
order directed me mo];e towards the left, Avhere I took position in line with the 
brigade of General Stahel. IL?re we remained until afternoon, when we were 
ordered up tOAvards the stone house, Avhere my battery took position. 

I received orders to move my inf^mtry to the right of Colonel Koltes's brigade 
and then to adA-ance, which had scarcely been done Avhen Ave became engaged 
with the enemy and kept up a brisk fire until, «fter the lapse of about half 
an hour, one of the enemy's batteries compelled us to retire towards a deep 
raA'ine just in the rear of our lines. Seeing, hoAveA'er, that the enemy moved 
toAvards our left, I again ordered my men up, changing my front a little towards 
the left, our left Aving resting upon the right wing of a brigade, the name of 
which I was unable to ascertain. After some fifteen minutes of constant firing 
of our tAvo brigades, T gave orders to my regiments to cease firing, still holding 
the same position, while the enemy AvithdrcAv. I then consulted Avith the 
brigade commander on my left, asking him to advance further in company with 
me, Avhich he, hoAvcA^er, refused to do. 

My forces being too Aveak to adA^ance alone, I remained inactive for a fcAV 
minutes, until General Schurz sent orders to retire across the run and remain in 
reserve. I did so until 8 p. m., Avhen a new order arriA^ed for me to retire about 
one-fourth of a mile further, Avhere nearly the Avhole corps was collecting. 
HaA'ing no special orders, I rested my men, who, after their day's work, were 
only glad enough to do so, until 2 a. m., 31st, at Avhich time I was informed by 
a cavalry scouting party that all the troops had fallen back. I at once mounted 
my horse and Avent toAvards the hospital, at which place I had seen General 
Sigel and General Schurz at about 9 p. m. on the evening of the battle. Find- 
ing nobody besides the physicians and the wounded men there, I returned to my 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 10 



146 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

men, and ordered tliem to fall in for the purpose of marcliing to Centreville- 
whither our forces were said to have gone. I must insert here that I only had 
the 58th New York State volunteers and 7oth Peiuisylvania volunteers with me 
at that time, the 54th having been detailed by General Sigel late on the even- 
ing before. Arriving with my troops at the stone bridge across Bull Run, the 
same Avas in a blaze of fire, and not fit to be crossed, which circumstance com- 
pelled me to ford the river with great difiiculty, as the banks are very steep. 
I arrived at Centreville at 6 o'clock a. m., after finding the 54th regiment en- 
camped alongside of the road, and joined my division. 

In the engagement of the 30th August the troops under my command be- 
haved very well in general. The 75th deserves again to be especially mentioned 
for its bravery. Lieutenant Colonel Mahler, of the same, was Avounded; also 
Lieutenant Ledig. Lieutenant W. Bowen, the acting adjutant, Avas killed, and 
Lieutenant Troetun. The 54th regiment suffered severely, a number of officers 
and men being wounded. 

The gallant conduct of First Lieutenant Werthheimer, of this regiment, de- 
serves to be noticed, who, while the enemy's batteries were pouring a perfect 
hail of lead into our lines, nobly grasped a guide flag, and cheered the men to 
folloA\r him. Lieutenant Colonel Ashby, of this regiment. Captain Wahle, 
Captain ErneAvein, and Adjutant Brandt, on this day, again behaved bravely. 
The oSth regiment Avas more fortunate in regard to the loss of officei"s, but suf- 
fered intensely in the ranks .All the officers deserve credit for their behavior on 
that day. As to my staff, I Avas as unfortunate as I Avas on the previous day — 
lo.-?ing one of my aides-de-camp. Lieutenant Schmidt, Avho was severely wounded 
in the thigh. He shoAved great coolness and courage. The balance of my staff 
most promptly executed my orders. I haA'e also to mention the gallant 
conduct of First Lieutenant Cheeseborough, of General Schenck's staff, whom 
I met on the battle-field, and Avho assisted me for some time. I was unfortunate 
enough on that day to lose my horse, Avhich was shot under me. 
Respectfully, 

W. KRZYZANOWSKI, 
Colonel Commanding 2d Brigade, od Division. 

Major A, Hoffman, 

Aide-de-camp a7id Acting Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. 35. 

REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE SYKES. 

Headquarters Sykes's Division, Porter's Army Corps, 

Camj) at Vanderwenher'' s, Virginia, September 6, 1862. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit the folloAving report: On the 27th ultimo, 
General F. J. Porter's army corps, of which my division forms a part, effected 
a junction with the army of Virginia, under General Pope. 

The day folloAving Ave marched to BristOAv Station, on the Orange and Alex- 
andria railroad; thence, on the 29th, to Manassas, and westwardly towards 
Gainesville, making a demonstration against the enemy, and exchanging a fcAV 
cannon shot Avith him in the evening. We bivouacked for the night near Beth- 
lehem church, on the Gainesville road, and at daylight on the 30th marched to 
the old battle-ground of Bull Run, arriving about 9 a. m. General Pope's 
army was on that ground and in its A'icinity. 

Two brigades of my division (1st and 2d) Avere throAvn in advance of the 
Dog.an house, f^icing to the west, their left resting on the Warrenton turnpike. 
The 3d brigade and my three batteries were held in reserve, 

Au extensive forest masked my front, and on my left, to the south of the 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 147 

"Warrenton turnpike, a second forest covered the country, and screened tlie 
enemy from all observation. These two forests, half a mile apart, near my 
advanced position, were separated by an open plain, that rose in the form of an 
irregular V towards a commanding crest held by the enemy. 

liis cannon, immediately behind this crest, overlooked my whole division, and 
as my troops took their place, he made good use of it. 

From that time till 3 p. m. a sharp cannonade ensued, and some practice 
among the skirmishers. Thoi^e of the enemy were forced back into the forest, 
on the left of the Wan-enton turnpike, and some houses and fences, previously 
occupied by him, were seized :ind held by my light troops, (3d infantry.) 

Thus far we had seen none of the enemy's infantry, none of the cavalry, and 
only the muzzles of his cannon over the crest heretofore mentioned. We were 
in profound ignorance of his position, strength, or designs. About 4 p. m. I 
was ordered to support an attack to be made by General Butterfield. This 
attack was based upon the supposition that the enemy was in full retreat — so 
announced in the orders of General Pope. Porter's army corps was to be the 
pivot of operations. The troops on our right were to swing towards us, clear 
the enemy in front, (if there.) and then, by a joint movement with Porter, we 
were all to hurry him Up in his retrograde movement. 

The Pennsylvania reserves, under General J. F. Reynolds, had been posted 
on my left, south of the Warrenton pike. 

Just pi-evious to the attack these troops were withdrawn, leaving my left 
flank entirely uncovered, and the Warrenton road open. 

Colonel Warren, 5th New York volunteers, commanding my 3d brigade, 
seeing the paramount necessity of holding this point, threw himself there with 
his brigndci, the remnants of two regiments, and endeavored to fill the gap 
created by the removal of Reynolds. 

Buttertield's attack was gallantly made, and gallantly maintained until his 
troops wei-e torn to pieces. My 1st brigade, under Colonel R. C. Buchanan, 
United States army, moved to his aid, relieved him, and became furiously en- 
gaged. The troops on our right did not properly support this attack, in conse- 
quence of Avhich the whole movement failed. The enemy, posted in a railroad 
excavation, was as secure as earthen embankments could make him, and as our 
troops emerged from the woods they Avere met by Avithering volleys that deci- 
mated tiieir ranks. Their OAvn fire was almost harmless against a sheltered foe. 
This advance of parts of Porter's and McDoAvell's army corps Avas on the left 
centre of our line. 

The enemy, seeing its failure, and that our weak point lay on my left in front 
of Warren, poured upon his little command, under co\^er of the fin-est, a mass of 
infantry that enveloped — almost destroyed — him, and completely pierced our line. 
Out of 490 men in the 5th Ncav York volunteers, 79 killed and 170 Avounded 
attest the nature of this attack. 

It became necessary to retire from the ground we occupied. Buchanan's and 
Chapman's brigades did so in columns of regiments in line of battle, under a 
severe artillery fire, and never wavered. Weed's, Smead's, and Randoll's bat- 
teries moved Avith and near them. Warren gathered the remnant of his brigade 
in rear of Young's Run. 

I suggested to General Porter that my troops should occupy the plateau of 
the Henry and Robinson houses beyond Young's Run, and endea\'or to hold it 
against the oncoming foe. Naturally, it was the strongest position on the field. 
lie acquiesced in my suggestion, and during the movement to that point I re- 
mained with Weed's battery, that again had been brought into action near the 
Dogan house. After a short interval, riding rapidly toAvards the plateau, I 
learned from my adjutant general. Lieutenant Cutting, that some general officers 
had sent Chapman's brigade into action on the extreme left, and that the pla- 
teau was held by other troops. 



148 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Buchanau's and tlie remnant of Warren's brigades were then formed immedi- 
ately in rear of tlie platean. The enemy continuing to outflank our left, Bu- 
chanan was ordered to the support of the forces engaged in that direction, and 
maintained a gallant and bloody conflict -with the foe until, outnumbered, out- 
flanked, and badly crippled, I directed him to retire. Chapman, thrown in pre- 
vious to Buchanan, fighting desperately for thrce-qviarters of an hour, seriously 
cut up and fired into by volunteers behind him, was also ordered to retire. This 
was directed only after a regiment of volunteers on his right, and one on his 
left, had foUen back, exposing both his flanks, while a New York battery to the 
right of him cleared out, just when its services were most necessary. The re- 
mains of my command were then united on the plateau. My artillery joined 
me near this position. 

Captain J. 11. Smead, 5th artillery, was unfortunately killed in bringing off 
his guns. From the nature of the tight, he and IvandoU had little opportunity 
to display the skill they had pi'eviously acquired in handling their batteries. 
Weed was in action throughout the day, and strengthened the reputation he had 
already acquired. He had the misfortune to lose two of his guns liy the break- 
ing of their axles. They were abandoned on the road from the battle-field to 
Centreville, (not taken from him by the enemy.) 

After my command reunited, I received orders to move on Centreville, and 
reached there at midnight intact, and in excellent order. 

The following morning a position was assigned me among the old rifle-pits of 
the rebels, which I held for 36 hours. At 1 a. m. on the 2d of September we 
moved to Ftiirfax, thence to Flint Hill, thence to our present camp. 

I desire to call the attention of the major general commanding to the services 
of Colonels Warren, Buchanan, and Chapman, United States army, command- 
ing brigades of my division. Their coolness, courage, and example were con- 
spicuous. Their claim to promotion has been earned on fields of battle long- 
prior to that of the 30th of August, 1862. 

Had the efforts of these oflicers. those of Generals Reynolds, lleno, and But- 
terfield, been properly sustained, it is doulitful if the day had gone against us. 
Warren's command was sacrificed* by the withdrawal of Reynolds's troops from 
my left and their non-replacement by others The enemy masked and concealed 
his brigades in the forests south of the Warrenton pike. His presence was 
imseen and unknown until he appeared in sufficient strength to overpower the 
infantry op])Osed to him. » 

In fighting an offensive battle, we left behind us a position (the old battle- 
ground j that offered reasonable hopes of success; and in the pursuit of a sup- 
posed retreating foe, we encountered a well-posted army, flushed by victory, 
confident, calmly awaiting the attack he most desired. 

The reports of brigade, battalion, and artillei-y commanders are enclosed. I 
respectfully refer to them for the minuter operations of .the day, and cordially 
unite in the recommendations given in them to officers and men. 

It will be seen that my troops behaved with the utmost coolness and bravery, 
(known to the general himself; ) were exposed for many hom-s to a severe artil- 
lery fire, without the power of evading it ; and when eventually led into battle, 
acted as well as troops ever do. Their conduct left me nothing to desire. It 
was their misfortune not to be supported, and no fault of theirs that they were 
compelled to join in the general retreat. 

To revert to cases of individual merit: Major C. S. Lovell, 10th infantry, 
commanding 2d United States infantry, is particularly mentioned for his con- 
duct on this occasion. I desire to add my personal testimony to the major's 
known gallantry, and to bespeak for him the advancement he so richly deserves. 
All my battalion commanders were zealous, energetic, and active. They 
were: Major Floyd Jones, 11th infantry; Major Andrews, 17th infantry; Cap- 
tains Bootes, 6th infantry, Wilkins, 3d infantry, commanding the skirmishers, 



EEPORT OF MAJ0R GENERAL POPE. 149 

S. II. Dryer, 4th infantry, Blunt, 12tli infantry, O'Counell and McKibben, 14tli 
infantry, 1st and 2d battalions. 

Colonel Bendix, lOtli New York volunteers, and Captain C. Winslow, com- 
manding 5tli New York volunteers. 

Lieutenant Sheridau, 3d infantry, maintained liis line of skirmisliers witli 
great obstinacy, i;ntil our wliole force fell back to its last position. 

My personal staffs — First Lieutenant Hey ward Cutting-, lOtli United States 
infantry, acting assistant adjutant general, First Lieutenant George F. Ingham, 
11th United States infantry, and First Lieutenant War. W. Cha'udjerlain, 14th 
United States infantry, acting aides-de-camp — were under fire throughout the 
day, and were constantly occupied in transmitting orders to the various portions 
of the field. Their zeal, activity, and anxiety to do everything in their power, 
were always ajiparent. 

Lieutenant Chamberlain, sent with an order to Colonel Warren, near the 
close of the day, is among the missing. His f;ite is not yet determined, but he 
is believed to be a prisoner, wounded, and in the hands of the enemy. 

Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Fletcher, 14th infantry, were sent with 
one hundred men from my command, on the 1st, to gather the wounded, and 
render such assistance as was possible to our people left on the field. In this 
distressing duty they were occupied four or five days — part of the time without 
food. They deserve mention for their good conduct in this connexion. 

The medical officers, under Dr. Forward, Li^uited States army, were con- 
stantly engaged in their duties, and rendered all the assistance possible under 
the circumstances. 

I append a list of casualties — the aggregate : 

Killed. Wounded. Missing. 

Officers 7 2). 3 

Enlisted men 145 564 177 



152 585 ISO 



I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient sei-vaut, 

GEORGE SYKES, 
Brigadier General Commanding Division. 
Captain F. T. Locke, 

Assistant Adjuta?it General 5th Army Corps. 



No. 36. 
EEPORT OF CO^OXEL G. K. WARREN, COMMANDING THIRD BRIGADE. 

Headquarters Third Brigade, 

Si/kes's Division, Scpternher 6, 1S62. 

Sir : I take leave to present herewith a sketch of the field of action of the 
30th of August, as it appeared to me, with an account of what I witnessed and 
the part sustained by my brigade, consisting of the 5th New York volunteers, 
about 490 strong, and the 10th New York volunteers, aboiit 510 strong. 

Different parts of the sketch are referred to by means of the letters of the 
alphabet. It must be kept in mind that I make this sketch frojn my own points 
of view. The distance between the ruled lines represents 100 yards. 

As a starting point, I will state the position of affairs just before the attack 
was made in front, by General Buttcrfield. His skirmishers had driven the 



150 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

enemy out of the woods a,t A, and lie occupied tlie vicinity witli liis whole force. 
The 1st and 2d brigades of Sykes's division were between liini and 0. My 
brigade Avas at M, and Smead's and Eandoll's batteries in the road near me. 
General Reynolds's division held the woods, G, with a rifled-gnn battery at G. 
All our other forces in sight were to the right and rear of these. I knew the 
enemy was in the woods, and on the higli ridge, from the point F all around 
towards our right, as far as C 0, but high authority reported him retreating, and 
that this was only his rear guard. While General Butterfield was making his 
disposition to assault the enemy at 0, General Reynolds's troops and rifled bat- 
tery were all withdrawn from G and sent further to our left, at some point, as I, 
the enemy's rifled battery, at C, firing at the last of his troops making this move- 
ment. Hazlett's rifled battery was at the same time executing an order from 
General Porter to take up a position at G, with the other, and open on the enemy 
at 0, so as to assist Butterfield's contemplated assault. This battery v/as then 
without support, and our whole left flank was xxncovered, I immediately as- 
sumed the responsibility of occujiying the place Reynolds's division had vacated, 
and make all the show of force I could. 

For this purpose I deployed three-fifths of the lOtli New York volunteers to 
hold the edge of the woods towards the enemy on our left, and keeping the 5th 
New York volunteers in reserve near II, out of view of the enemy's battery at 
C. Notice of this movement of mine I immediately sent, by an officer, to Gen- 
eral Sykes or General Porter. He found the latter, Avho directed me to hold 
on, and sent me mounted orderlies to keep him informed. He was, I believe, 
near the point N, where Weed's battery was placed. From the point G I proba- 
bly had the best view of what followed that the battle-field presented. 

As soon as General Butterfield's brigade advanced up the hill there was great 
commotion among the rebel forces, and the whole side of the hill and edges of the 
woods SAvarmed Avitli men before unseen. The effect was not unlike flushing a 
covey of quails. The enemy fell back to the line of the railroad, and took shel- 
ter on the railroad cut and behind the embankment, and lined the edges of the 
woods beyond. Butterfield's advance beyond the brow of the hill B Avas impos- 
sible,, and taking his position, his troops opened fire on the enemy in front, who, 
from his sheltered position, returned it vigorously, while, at the same time, a bat- 
tery, someAvhere in the prolongation of the line E B, opened a most destructive, 
enfilading fire Avith spherical-case shot. 

It became evident to me that Avithout heavy re-enforcements General Butter- 
field's troojis must f;ill back or be slaughtered, the only assistance he received 
being from Hazlitt's battery, Avhich I Avas supporting, and Weed's, near N. 

After making a most desperate and hopeless fight. General Butterfield's troops 
fell back, and the enemy immediately formed and advanced. Hazlitt's battery 
noAV did good execution on them, and f )rced one column, that advanced beyond 
the point of the Avood at A, to fall back into it. UnAvilling to retire from the 
position I held, Avdiich inA'oh'ed the AvithdraAval of this efficient battery and the 
exposure of the flanks of our retreating forces, I held on, ho])ing that fresh troops 
would be throAvn forward to meet the enemy noAv advancing in the open fields, 
Avell knoAving, hoAvever, that my position was one from which I could not retreat 
in the f ice of a superior force. 

Reynolds's division, on my left, probably aAvare of the superior force of the 
enemy gathering in his front, fell back from I toAvards P. The enemy advanced 
with rapidity upon my position, Avith the evident intention of capturing Hazlitt's 
battery. The 10th New York was compelled to fall back, scarcely arriving at 
the position held by the ^th New York, before the enemy, and in such a manner 
as to almost completely prevent the .5th from firing upon them. While I Avas 
endeavoring to clear them from the front, the enemy, in force, opened fire from 
the Avoods on the rear and left flank of the 5th with most feai'ful effect. I then 
g-ave the order to face about and march doAvn the hill, so as to bring the enemy 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 151 

all on our front, but in tlie roar of musketry I could only be heard a short dis- 
tance. Captain Boyd, near me, repeated the command, but his men only par- 
tially obeyed it. They wei-e unAvilling to make a backward movement. He 
Avas wounded while trying to execute it. Adjutant Sovereign carried the order 
along the line to Captain Wiuslow, commanding the regiment, and to the other 
captains, but was killed in the act. Captain Winslow's horse was shot; Cap- 
tain Lewis, acting field officer, was killed; Captain Huger was killed; Captains 
McConnell and Montgomery were down with wounds, and Lieutenant.-? Ray- 
mond, Hoffman, Keyser, and Wright were wounded. Both color-bearers were 
shot down, and all but four of the sergeants were killed or wounded. 

Before the colors and the remnant of the regiment could be extricated, 29S 
men of the 5th and 133 of the 10th New York were killed or wounded. 

In the 10th New York, Lieutenant Heddeu was killed, and Captain Dimmick, 
Lieutenant Deweyick, Lieutenant Mosscross, and Lieutenant Cuthane, wounded. 
The colors of both regiments Avere brought off, and the batteries we Avere pro- 
tecting were withdraAvn. 

We assisted from the field 77 wounded of the 5th and 8 of the 10th. The 
remainder fell into the hands of the enemy. Among these were Captains Boyd, 
McConnell, and Montgomery, and Lieutenants Wright and Raymond, of the 
5tli, and Captain Dimmick, Lieutenants Mosscross and Deweyick-, of the lOth. 
Braver men than those avIio fought and fell that day could not be found. It 
was impovssible for us to do more, and, as is well known, all the eftbrts of our 
army barely checked this adA^ance. 

I submit liereAvith a detailed list of casualties, as accurate as circumstances 
will permit us to make. 

Very respectfully, your obedient serA'ant, 

G. K. 'WARREN, 
Cvlonci Fifth Xeiv York Volunteers, Commandittg Third Brigade. 

Lieutenant Heyward Cutting, 

Acting Aide-de-Camp and Acting Assistant 

Adjutant General, General Sykes's Division. 



No. 37. 

REPORT 0? LIEUTENANT COLONEL R C. BUCHANAN, FOURTH INFANTRY, 

CO.M.UANDING BRIGADE. 

Headquarters First Brigade Regular Infantry. 

Camj) near HalVs Hill, Virginia, Septemher 6, 1863. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit the folloAA'ing report of the operations of my 
bri"-ade, composed of the 3d, 4th, 1st battalion of the 12th, and l,st and 2d 
battalions of the 14th infantry, on the 30th ultimo, at Bull Run and in its vicinity. 

At daylight on the morning of the 30th Ave took up our line of march from 
our bivouac'on the Manassas and Gainesville road in the direction of Bull Run, 
and reached that stream about 10 a.m.; soon after Avhich I was ordered to 
place my brigade in position in the field fronting the Dogiui house. The 1st 
and 2d battalions of the 14th Avere deployed in a corn-field, Avith the 12th and 
4th infantry covering them in their rear in columns of battalions, the h.^ft of our 
line resting on the Warrentou turnpike. The 3d was advanced to thefront and 
right, under cover of a wood about a thousand yards distant, Avhere it was de- 
ployed as skirmishers. About 11a. m. the enemy commenced throAving shells 
into us from a battery beyond the Avood in front of the 3d, killing one man and 
wounding several. Butterfield's brigade, Avhich had previously been placed ia 



152 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

position on my riglit, was soon advanced into the wood, and I was directed to 
advance tlie four battalions to the front and obliquely to the right, to take up a 
position in rear and imder cover of the woods, which I did in column of bat- 
talions, left in front. As soon as notified that I was unmasked by Butterfield, 
I advanced the two battalions of the 14th into and through the Avoods to his 
siipport, and held them there until after his brigade was entirely withdrawn, 
when my whole column was ordered to the rear. Whilst in the woods we were 
under a most incessant fire of all arms, but my officers and men behaved admir- 
ably. Here it was that Captain O'Connell, of the 14th infantry, was woimded 
in the knee whilst commanding the 1st battalion; notwithstanding which, he 
continued with his command throughout the day; and Captain D. B. McKibben, 
14th infantry, in the ear, Avhilst commanding the 2d battalion. The 3d infantry, 
meanwhile, had been advanced, and lield possession for several hours of two 
bouses, about a Innulred and two hundred and fifty yards in fi-ont and to the 
left of the wood, whicli it held until all the troops were withdrawn from the 
centre. In withdrawing the 3d, the right wing united Avith the brigade, and 
the left, being across the turnpike, united witli Warren's brigade, and served 
with it until the whole division was united on the plateau between the Henry 
and Eobinson houses. About five p. m. the brigade was withdrawn from the 
wood in admirable order, moving by the fronts of battalions in column, and 
baited for a short time in rear of Weed's battery, on a line with the Dogan 
bouse. From this point I was ordei'ed across the turnpike to a position on the 
plateau between the Henry and llobinson houses, where the brigade was de- 
ployed in line of battle, with its right resting on the Henry house. About six 
p. m. I Avas ordered to take the battalion of the 12th and 14th to a wood to 
our left and front, to support Meade's brigade, then scA'erely pressed by the 
enemy, and almost immediately after placing these troops in position, I observed 
that the 3d and 4th had also been ordered up. I found the enemy in very 
strong force in the Avood, and, during the heat of a very severe engagement, 
discovered that he Avas flanking me A\dth large masses of troops. I immedi- 
ately commenced to gain ground to my left so as to meet his movements, and 
held him in check for nearly an hour. But at length I found the contest too 
unequrd ; my command Avas being cut to pieces ; the ammunition of the men 
nearly expended; and the enemy's masses vastly outnumbering my force, I Avas 
forced to giA-e the order to retire. This Avas done in most excellent order, the 
men marching steadily and sloAvly, and I resumed my position on the plateau. 
Shortly after, I Avas ordered to retire Avith my In-igade to Centreville, Avhich I 
did, and reached that point at one o'clock at night, haA-ing the entire brigade 
with me in good order, and haA^ing left a few stragglers behind. 

I cannot omit calling the attention of the brigadier general commanding to 
the firm and gallant maimer in which my brigaLle held the enemy in check on 
the extreme left for such a length of time, and finally prcA^ented his turning our 
flank. At one time the 3d and 4th were Avithin thirty yards of one of his 
brigades, Avhich made a flank moA'ement to turn their left, when Captain Dryer, 
commanding the 4th, gave orders to fire by battalions, and poured three most 
destructive volleys into it before his fire could bt; returned. The greatest por- 
tion of my loss was at this point, and too much credit cannot be gi\'en to officers 
and men for their coolness and gallantry during this engagement. The 2d bat- 
talion of the 14th Avas under fire for the first time, and behaved admirably. 

I must beg leave to call attention to Captain Wilkins, commandhig 3d infiintry; 
Captain J. B. Collins, commanding the 4th, AvoundedT Avho Avas succeeded in 
the command by Captain H. Dryer — this latter officer being especially conspicu- 
ous for his coolness and gallantry; Captain J. D. O'Connell, 14tli infantry, 
commanding 1st battalion, severely A^-ouuded in several places, and behaving 
most gallantly; and Captain D. B. McKibben, 14th infantry, commanding 2d 
battalion 14th, Avho displayed conspicuous gallantry throughout. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 153 

Cajitaiu Wilkins, 3d infantry, mentions Captain Walker, acting fiekl officer, 
for coolness and the prompt carrying out of his orders; Lieutenants Sheridan, 
Whiting, Eckert, and Penrose; Jjieutenant Deare, adjutant, who rendered im- 
portant services, and behaved Avith tlie same indifference to danger which has 
distinguished him on former occasions. Sergeant Major A. Kaisser, Sergeants 
Torpy, Mourton, Hopkins, Sitzinger, Smith, Hessian, Crady, Schaefter, Morris, 
Hawley, Flynn, Ackland, and Scully, of the 3d infantry, and Sergeant George 
Lamonion, of the 12tli infantry, are especially mentioned. 

I would particularly mention my staff' — 2d Lieutenant W. II. Powell, 4th 
infantry, acting assistant adjutant general, and aide-de-camp 1st Lieutenant T. Van 
Eensselaer, 12th infantry. These officers behaved with the utmost coolness and 
gallantry, and carried my orders to every part of the field to which they were 
sent, with cheerfulness and alacrity. 

My whole brigade behaved as well as I could have expected or desired, and 
lias, I trust, earned the favorable notice of the brigadier general commanding 
the division. 

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ROBERT C. BUCHANAN, 
Liieutenant Colonel \th infantry, Commanding Brigade. 

First Lieutenant H. Cutting, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, Sykes''s Divisio7i. 



No. 38. 
EEPORT OF CAPTAIN S. H. WEED, FIFTH ARTILLERY. 

Camp near Rockville, Md., Scptemher 8, 1862. 

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report : From the 14th to the 
29th idtimo, the artillery of this command were occupied in moving from Plarri- 
son's Landing to the old battle-field of Manassas, a flitiguing duty for both men 
and horses, but which involved no fighting. 

On the 30th instant my own battery Avas engaged. During the day it occu- 
pied three seA-eral positions. One section — the right — AA^as detached and posted in 
a corn-field to the front, about tAvelve hundred yards from some batteries of the 
enemy. It remained there doing effective service until forced to retire by a 
general advance of the enemy, and a falling back of our troops. About 5^ p. m. 
the battery took up a second position behind the house it had been in front of, 
and remained there engaged until nearly all the ammunition Avith the pieces was 
exhausted. The caissons Avere sent to the rear after the first position was aban- 
doned. ■ The battery left its second position about 6i p. m. While moving off 
and under heavy fire, tAvo pieces broke doAvn, by the breaking right in tAvo of their 
;ixles. Both these pieces Avere taken entirely off' the field and beyond fire. It 
Avas afterward necessary to abandon them on the road. The statements of the 
officers Avho had them in charge are appended. I also transmit reports of the 
officers in command of the other batteries of the diA'ision. My officers and men, 
with scarcely an exception, behaA'ed remarkably Avell. I would especially men- 
tion Lieutenants Watson and Macintire,' Avho exhibited much coolness and gal- 
lantry during the action, and in taking off the field, under heavy fire the two 
broken-down guns of the battery. 

My casualties Avere as follows : 

Private Godfred Gerbiz, right hand shattered and left arm shot off. 
Private GnstaA' Adolph, shot in the foot. 



154 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 

Four liorses killed, !■«• o wounded and aloandoued. 
Tavo 3-incli rifled guns lost on the road to Centreville. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

STEPHEN H. WEED, 
Captain 5tk United States Artillery, Commanding Division. 

Lieutenant Heyward Cutting, 

Assistant Adjutant General, Sj/kes's Division. 



No. 39. 
RErORT OF FIRST LIEUTENANT A. M. RANDOLL, FIRST ARTILLERY. 

Camp near Rockville, Md., Scptemher 8, 1862. 

Sir : I have the honor to report that when General Sykes's division advanced 
against the enemy, I was ordered by one of his aids (Lieutenant Ingham) to 
follow the mo^'cments of the second brigade of the division; but on aniving near 
their position, I was ordered by an aid (Lieutenant Cutting) to return to the 
Warrenton road, opposite the second brigade, and await further orders. I re- 
mained in that position somewhat sheltered from the view of the enemy, but 
, exposed to a continuous and heavy fire directed at other, batteries till all the 
infantry on my right had retired, and Colonel Warren's brigade on my left 
were driven from the field. As the battery Avas in columns of pieces on the road 
commanded by the fire of the enemy, and no infxntry near, it was impossible 
for me to open fire, so I retired, in company with Captain Smead's battery, to 
near the hill occupied by Captain Weed's battery, when I was ordered by an 
aid of General Sykes (Lieutenant Ingham) to take position on the right of the 
house on the hill; but when about to move to the position designated, I was 
ordered by General Porter to move to a hill on the left of the field, if practi- 
cable. Owing to the confusion among the ambulances, infantry, batteries, «fcc., 
which blocked the road, I was obliged to move very slowly, and on examining 
the hill designated, foimd that while moving to take position on it I would be 
exposed to a direct and cross fire from several of the enemy's batteries, and that 
the infantry and batteries which already covered the hill were retiring in con- 
fusion; so I moved to a hill directly in the rear and took position on the right of 
Hazlett's battery, where I remained until the final falling back of the whole 
army to Centreville. Although during the whole day the battery was directly 
under the fire of the enemy's batteries, yet at no time could I from my positions 
open fire on his forces without extreme danger of firing into our own troops. 
My loss in the action was one horse killed. 

Very respectfully, yoiu- obedient servant, 

A. M. RAXDOLL, 
First Lieut' nant 1st xh-tdlery. 

Lieutenant Macintire, 

Adjutant, Artillery, Sykes's Division. 



Xo. 40. 
REPORT OF SECOND LIEUTENANT W. E VAN REED, FIFTH ARTILLERY. 

Camp near Rockville, Md., Scpfemhcr 8, 1862. 
Lieutenant : I have the honor to submit the following report of the move- 
ments of battery K, 5th United States artillery, since landing at Aquia 
Creek on 23d of August, 1862. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 155 

On tLe 24tli the battery was ordered to join General Sykes's division, which 
it did on the night of the'24th, it having marched some 24 or 25 miles; passed 
Fredericksbnrg about 2 o'clock p. m. 

On the 2oth, moved camp about half a mile. 

26th. Marched about S miles. 

27th. Marched about 10 miles, and went into position. 

2Sth. Marched about 9 miles. 

29th. j\[arched to Thoroughfere Gap; passed Manassas Junction about two 
o'clock p. m. 

30th. Marched about 6 miles and took position at Bull Run, and was ordered 
into a hollow to await further orders ; was afterwards ordered to withdraw 
and take position on the hill close to a stone house, when the battery was with- 
drawn; and while on the road Captain Smead was killed by a shot striking him 
on the head. The battery then proceeded to Centreville, arriving ther^* about 
two o'clock a. m. 31st. About eleven o'clock a. m. the battery was placed in a 
redoubt. 

September 1. One section (Lieutenant Calef 's) went out on a scout with 
Colonel Warren ; returned about four p. m. 

2d. About one o'clock a.m. the battery marched about 25 miles; passed 
through Fairfax Court-House about ten o'clock a. m. 

3d. 3Iarched to within about ten miles of Washington. 

4th. j^Iarched to Fall's farm. 

6th. Marched to Tennallytown ; crossed the Chain Bridge about eleven 
o'clock p. m. 

7th. Marched to Rockville, Maryland. 

Saving Captain Smead's death, no other casualty occui-red in the battery. 
I have the honor to be, sir, yours, &c., &c., 

WILLIAM E. A^AN EEED, 
Second Liieutenant Commanding Battery K, 5th Artillery. 

Lieutenant H. Cutting, 

Assistant Adjutant General, Si/kes's Division. 



Xo. 41. 

Xominal report of casualties in Sillies' s division in action of August 30, 1862. 



KILLED. 



Third infantry. — Privates John Mananina, company B; Benjamin F. Kel- 
log, company C; John A. Gale, company I; Corporal Henry Loraine and 
Private William S. Holmes, company K. Total, 5. 

Fourth infantry. — Sergeant Patrick Shannon, company G; and Private 
Henry Conlin, company C; Gotlieb Ott, company F. Total, 3. 

Twelfth infantry. — Captain J. G. Read, company D; and Privates Frank 
Schipmacher, company F; Michael Cassady, company B; Ezra Carter, company 
D ; William Deishiu, company B. Total, 5. 

Fourteenth infantry, first battalion. — Privates Ezra Vallene, company B; 
James Hart, Henry Schneider, Christian Friese, Sergeants Albertus Pierce and 
Thomas F. Wise, and Privates Andrew Love, James Gordon, Jackson Henion, 
company E; Thomas McDonald, Nicholl W. Milles, and Thomas Xoouan, 
company G; Thomas Hannah, and David Loyall, company H^ Total, 14. 

Fourteenth infuntry, second battalion. — Privates John Gushing, company B; 
John Fitzgerald and Francis Howd, company H. Total, 3. 

First infantry. — Private Joseph A. McMullen. 



156 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Second infantry. — Privates "William A. Nixon, company C ; and William 
Kicld, company E. Total, 2. 

Sixth infantry. — Privates John Wilson, company B; Patrick Kienan and 
John ]\Iahoney, company D ; Patrick Mullen and Henry Shuleg, company E ; 
Corpor.il Herman Westhers, company G. Total, 6. 

Tenth infantry. — Private Mathew Kelly, company G. 

Eleventh infantry. — Privates James Kavanah, Andrew Selzelio, and George 
La Mountain, company A; George J. Brown, company H. Total, 4. 

Seventeenth infantry. — Privates Patrick Barron, Alex. Gibb, Josiah Victory, 
John Flood, and Sergeant Henry Madison. Total, 5. 

Ffth New York volunteers. — Captain Wilbur F. LcAvis, company D; Cap- 
tain George O. Hager and Adjutant Frederick W. Sovereign, company F; 
Corporal William B. Harrison and Privates Charles Collins, Cannin Longstaff, 
and Soby, company B; Private Dennis G. McCauly, company C; Ser- 
geant Joseph H. Pierce, Corporal Benjamin Berrian, and Privates W. S. Blunt 
and James McCarthy, company D ; Corporal George W. Leavett and Privates 
William H. Flynn and Louis Valoux, company F ; First Sergeant William M. 
McDoAvell and Privates P. H. Brady and G. W. Taylor, company G; Color 
Sergeant Andrew B. Allison and Privates William March and Horace E. Wil- 
liams, company H; Corporal John Milliken and Private John Hannan, com- 
pany I; Corporal John C, Keys and Privates James Coppers, David Davis, 
Francis Plumb, and Albert Silleck, company K. Total, 28. 

In the number of missing in the fifth New York volunteers are three ser- 
geants, eight corporals, and forty privates, who are known to be killed, whose 
names Avere unknown to Dr. Winslow, who visited the battle-field under a 
flag of truce, making the total killed 79. 

Tenth New York volunteers. — Privates Harvey Comptou, John C. McHale, 
and John Gillman, company A; Lieutenant Josiah Hedden and Corporal Fred. 
Bland, company C; Privates Christian Shellenbauer, company F; Frank 
Smith and John Will, company I. Total, S. 

Dr. Winslow also reports fifteen of the missing in the tenth New York vol- 
unteers as dead, whose names were unknown to him ; making total killed 23. 

Fifth United States artillery. — Captain J. R. Smead, company K. 

\VOU\DEU. 

Third infantry. — First Lieutenant George B. Eckert, company C; Second 
Lieutenant John Whitney, company K; Privates Thorn Smith, company B]; 
Patrick Murphy and James Murray, company C ; John Rapp, company D; 
James W. Pierce, company E ; Samuel Jilllingsworth, Richard Hazlett, and ]\Iar- 
tin Shanahan, company F ; Cor])oral George W. Dow and Private William Tay- 
lor, company G ; Corporal Jeremiah Keane and Private John Houston, com- 
])any H; Pri\-ates Edward Mulholland and Harvy McDonnell, company I; 
William Ludwig, company K. Total, 17. 

Fourth infantry. — Captain Josh. B. Collins, company D ; Corporal Edward 
Palmer and Private Sidney Brooks, company A ; Privates John Conroy, Chris- 
tian Bochm, and Hubert Erne, compaiy^ C ; Daniel Lyons, company F; Corporal 
Thomas Cahill and Privates Martin Burne, John Power, 2d, John Perham, and 
John Russell, company H; Edward Simpson, company I ; William Dowling, 
company K. Total, 14, 

Twelfth infantry. — -Sergeant Erchelberger, company C ; Corporal Frank 

Howe, Privates John Bigge, Solomon Halgreen, and Joseph Monolian, and First 
Sergeant August Thcerman, company B ; Privates John Higgins, John Ken- 
nedy, John McGuire, George F. Kinney, and Thomas Ward, company F; 
Corporal Bazil SI cKee, and Privates James Davis, John H. Bendure, Robert L. 
Harrison, and Leonard Sherman, com])any C ; John j\Ieyers, David Harrison, and 
John Smith, company A ; Sergeant Hugh Rogers, Corporal Joseph Helvic, and 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 157 

Privates Lewis Kibold, Richard Chard, John Greer, Louis Ilolvie, Andrew J. 
Kline, Abraham Kauffman, Chistopher Kesling, and John Chard, company G; 
]\fartin V. James and Nathan Leach, and Corporal W. II. Ncshit, company E. 
Total, 32. 

Fourteenth infantry, first hattalion. — Captain John P. O'Connell, Corporal 
Jerediah L. Lyman, and Privates James Brown, Richard Byrne, Aljraham 
Healey, Albert Kendall, I'atrick Keenan, Francis Herman, Charles F. Tallcott, 
John Pi-eman, Josh. Badger, John Laiiin, G. L. Morrison, and James CoiTey, 
company A; Sergeant David Parkin, and Privates G. H. Baraclnngh, Geoi-ge W. 
Collins, Patrick Dnrkin, Jeremiah Reardon, John Lavony, William Simpson, 
and Sylvester A. Weaver, company B ; William M. Lod, Louis Blair, William 
Burke, William Carney, Peter Depen, Michael Gallagher, George L. Griswold, 
James Harwich, Lander Hotchkiss, Patrick Houston, George Howland, George 
R. Ives, Michael Ledwick, Henry McBride, Thomas j\Iitchell, Patrick Mongan, 
Thomas Murry, Henry Murry, Reuben G. Stevens, Erastus Woodman, and 
George Turner, company C ; Calvin R. Porter, company D ; Sergeants Joseph 
Bohner and Jacob Hersch, Corporal Henry Schoenewald, and Privates Walter 
Anderson, Edward Buston, John Killman, AVilliam Rogan, Henry Smidt, George 
Seeman, I'hilip Xewmann, and Charles Lahn, company E : John Chune, John 
Day, Dudley Gordon, John F. Barney, William D. Boyle, Michael Brigson, 
Elias Griggs, John Morrison, Michael McCarus, Thomas Redman, Frederick 
Leidler, Eli Scron, Thomas Tully, James Townssened, and William Geiger, 
company F; First Sergeant Martin F. Kelly, Sergeant John Doyle, Privates 
Lawrence Smith, Theodore Facer, IMurselis Eli, John Smith, Samuel Jamison, 
and Adolph Murguand, company G; Sergeants Patrick McLaughlin and John 
H. Beggs, Corporals James Morris and Samuel Carpenter, and Privates David 
R. Calleii, Thomas Beardsworth, John Bennis, Edward Collins, William F. 
Gerald, Patrick Hart, Frank Johnston, John Murry, Robert Swindels, and 
George Watson, company H. Total, 92. 

Fourteenth infantry, second hattalion. — Captain D. B. McKibben, com- 
manding ; Captain J. J. Copinger, company A ; Captain J. M. Locke and First 
Lieutenant J. S. Wharton, company G; Sergeant William Pierce, and Cor- 
porals Harrison Snyder and George Hcves, compan;^ B; Milton Davies, com- 
pany C; Privates John Bigely, Parker Colladay, John Keefer, Walter Moll, and 
George Seip, company A; Peter Phenis, company B; John R. Beebe, John 
]\Ialley, and Samuel ililler, company C ; John Fanell, com])any E ; Jared Van 
Campcn, John McSorley, Francis Perry, John Knopp, Henry Mason, and 
James Nugent, company F; John Esby, Henry Elcock, James Flanagan, 
Wallis Farming, Sylvester Wheeler, and Joseph Marks, company G ; Arthur 
Cosgrove, Patrick HefFerman, and Samuel Harvey, company H ; Corporal 
Franklin A. Brigh, company B. Total, 34. 

First infantry. — Sergeant Willis B. Worth, Corporal Bernard Brady, and 
Privates Henry Mason, George Love, Sylvester Johnston, and Jacob Stahlman, 
company G. Total, 6. 

Second infantry. — Privates Peter Kelly and Joel R. Dunkce, company A ; 
and Dennis Dowell, Robert McMalley, and Louis Habcrmoidd, company B ; 
First Sergeant James Butler, Sergeant John Murray, Corporal Ebenezer 
Keeler, and Privates Michael Hammill, Patrick Carroll, Thomas Fleming, 
Henry C. AVatson, John Hirth, John Renner, William Brennan, Edmund C'ook, 
Thomas Tracy, Homer Young, and Thonms Boboy, company C ; First Sei-geant 
Rudolph 0. Tlieirne, and Privates Jame,s Conroy, Jacob Geiger, Owen Keely, 
and James Trainer, company D ; Sergeant A. F. Skinner, aiid Privates Owen 
Counaghton, Terrance Carroll, William M. Corney, Michael Donnelly, Louis 
Jochen, Thomas Kenny, John C. Lucas, and Paul Satter, company E ; Ser- 
geant Cornelius Ryan, Corporal Francis Vausten, and Privates John Fox, 
Nathaniel Gordon, William A. McCoy, Christian Rapp, Thomas Scully, Henry 



158 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

McGuiie, and Simou Miesseiiback, company F ; Second Lieutenant Ralph 

E. Ellcnwood, Corporals Horace Wickliam, (Jhri^toplier Doyle, and Privates Jolm 
Deven, Piitrick Enriglit, Eobert Flynn, Patrick Gamben, James Golden, and 

William Hogan, company G ; Michael Heath and Smith, company I ; 

Corporak William Crompton and Cornelius Daley, and Privates Gotfried Eoltz, 
Richard Gorman, Augustus Hopke, Kasper Long, George G. Ketter, Michael 
McDermott, John Pearson, Alexander Shute, and Daniel Healy, company K. 
Total, 64. 

SIxfh infantrii. — Corporal Owen Leonard and Privates Simon Daysers, com- 
pany 13 ; Laurence Cran and Robert Stack, company D ; Corporals Edmund 
Healy, company E ; Worden F. Logan and Privates James Fitz, company F ; 
Michael F. Godfrey, Wm. Hartmann, Frederick Voss, and James McGuire, 
company G; Edward McCarthy and Wm. F.Rutherford, company H; Sergeant 
Thomas McGuire, Corporal Arthur Smith, and Privates John Carroll, John 
Cherry, Patrick H. Croley, John Fox, John Ivers, John Sullivan, John White, 
and Richard Willis, company I ; James Brewer, James Mason, and Wm. 
Dougherty, company K ; Second Lieutenants Charles M. Payne, company I; 
Jer'ii P). Schindel, company E; Abram W. Brickley, company D. Total, 29. 

Tenllt infantry. — Private Daniel Regan, company E; Corporal G. W. Green, 
and Privates P. J. Boyce, P. Burke, John Schlatt, Herrmand Schuller, and 
Peter Sheridan, company G; David Curtling, John Sullivan, John Smith, and 
i\[. Fitzgerald, company I. Total, 11. 

Elevnitk uifantry. — Privates Thomas Leavett, company A ; IMichael Har- 
rington, Robert L. Smith, Geo. F. Winslow, and Jno. Clehane, company B; 
Sergeant Jno. A. Reid, company E ; Privates Rudolph Dankworth, Martin Al- 
bertson, and Lorenz Lohner, company F ; Sergeant Jno. McGloughlin and Pri- 
vate Robert Wallace, company G; Sergeants Chas. D. Brancers and Chas. 
Brewster, and Privates Alfred Lewis and James Doyle, company H. Total, 15. 

Seventeenth ivfantry. — Privates William Thomas, Jno. Schaffer, and Robert 
Church, company A; Lawrence Connelly, Edward Shepard, Robert Ash, and 
John McCabe, company B; Mich'l King and Benj. F. Monroe, company C ; 
Burns Rickman, Henry Willey, Dan'l W. Sidlinger, Wm. P. Jenkins, and 
Ephraim Holmes, company D ; John Collins, John Madigan, Wm. Faulkner, 
and Ira B. Bennet, company E; Wm. Connolly, Hugh Hoyt, Wm. Martin, 
Mark Griiiin, James Chambers, and Elbert Hewett, company F; Frank Ran- 
dall, Ira J. Nichols, Joseph Henn, and Henry Levon, company G; Daniel 
Gaffney, Andrew Clifford, Nozaire Bodett, James Fay, John Nelson, and 
James Webb, company H. Total, 34. 

Fifth Xcw York volunteers. — Captain Charles S. Montgomery, company C; 
Captain Carlisle Boyd, company A; Captain James McConnell, company H; 
Second Lieutenant E. 0. Wright, company D ; Second Lieutenant John S. 
Raymond, company H; Second Lieutenant William Hoffman, company I ; Second 
Lieutenant Henry Keyser, Sergeants Patrick Gillegan and Joseph Vail, Corpo- 
rals Andrew Blair, Theodore Hart, and William J. Vcthake, and Privates Chai-les 
Bonesteel, William R. Bailey, Augustus Comstock, Thomas Fox, Jolm McPike, 
Gustavus Peters, Thomas Rycr, Samuel Titus, Isaac C Thomas, and Thomas 
M. Wicker, company A; Sergeant H. C. Peak, Corporals Oliver J.Rodgers and H. 
B. Saxton, and Privates Alfred Slater, Charles Collins, Frank H. Creighton, G. 

F. Colwell, E. C. Ellsworth, Fred. Fowler, Henry Greenwood, Jesse C. Johnson, 
Robert Munnie, Joseph Robinson, C. V. Sands, Frederick G. Smart, and G. W. 
Taylor, company B ; Sergeants Donohue and AVannemaker, Corpo- 
rals C. P. Humphreys, Demarest, Reddington, and H. B. Kretzler, 

and Privates George Calligan, li. Chabot, J. G. Labugh, H. Loderhose, James 
Wliytel, and James H. Tobin, company C ; Sergeant John H. Reiily, Corporal 

G. M. Meldowney, and Privates Francis B. Bickel, Edward J. Bird, J. R. Turner, 
James S. Hill, Benjamin F. Pease, John Brocher, Abraham Banker, G. Daley, 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 159 

Cyrus Ilagadorn, Jacob Hottli.aser, John JoliiiSDU, John E. Neroman, Daniel 

A. Shaw, aud William Wikley, company D ; Sergeants Joseph Gates and Goe M. 

Sinclair, Corporals Allaire, John Carroll, and John Ilodgers, and Privates 

John Brennau, Charles Brady, George B. Burlow, James Cochran, James Con- 
nolly, Andrew Coutes, Edward Cruger, H. J. Dolson, William H. Degroot, 
William Davis, Jacob Hanton, F. Kimball, Joseph Leahy, Jacob M-enges, 
George McGeehan, Charles H. Ross, T. E. Roy, and Thomas Rishton, company 
E ; Sergeant E. W. Marsh, Corporal James H. Franklin, and Privates William 

F. Davidson, John Farrell, Thomas Healy, Bnino Plemile, George A. Hitchcock, 
Nicholas Hausman, EdAvard McGew, James Morrissy, William ]\I. Griffin, 
Samuel Parkinson, Nathaniel S. Paul, George Past, Jacob Plutch, James Riley, 
Charles H. Reilly, James Sherridan, Benjamin A. Sullivan, Robert Sa.dler, and 
James H.Webb, company F; Sergeants P. L. Wilson aud Frauds Spellman, and 
Privates Robert Amos, Thomas Briscoe, Leander Brown, William Cole, Peter 
Guiter, Dennis Gueman, John Gillen, Ignatz Entres, Eniek Lawson, Michael 
McMahon, N. D. Rodgers, William Sheppard, George Smith, and William Wil- 
son, company G ; Corporal J. F. Boyd, and Privates Patrick Gleason, William 
Alexander, Frederick Bollet, James A. Cochrane, E. Engell, George Finley, 
Francis Killelea, Charles Sumney, William Livingston, Thomas Madden, James 
McLaren, William H. Roggensteen, Peter Scherer, William Walker, and Wil- 
liam Link, company H ; Color Corporal James J. Robinson, Corporal James 
Boyd, and Privates J. W. Almack, Edward Dillon, Charles Dawson, Moses 

G. Jones, Thomas Pine, Alfonso Rankin, Henry Sault, William B. Slout, Henry 
Simon, and Allen Wilson, comi)any I ; Sergeants Henry H. Burton and William 

B. Hogebrom, Corporals John H. Clayton and John Cady, and Privates Richard 
Ackerman, J. W. Carter, George Davison, David M. Fraleigh, John H. Haugh- 
wont, John Horgau, Thomas Herrick, John Kerrigan, J, H. Martin, F. D. 
Newburg, Levi P. Pond, and Charles Stuyvesant, company K. Total, 170. 

Tenth Xciv Yo7-k volmitcers. — Corporals Stephen C. Baker, W. A. B. John- 
ston, and Thomas G. Casey, and Privates Hermon Cantor, A. F. Safely, Robert 
E. Coffin, Auguste Lomburel, Patrick Martin, Timothy Martin, Frank M. Mc- 
Veagh, and William Hall, company A ; Lieutenant Thomas Cnlhane, Sergeant 
A. Alexander, Corporals Abram Merrett and Frank Salles, John Colford, and Pri- 
vates Wm. Carrigan, Cornelius Callahan, James B. Hall, Thomas McQuade, aud 
John Pickett, company B ; E. Cullen and Charles Heery, company C ; John Tee- 
han, company D ; Corporal E. Teal, and Privates John Gilroy and Hendrick 
Brum, company E ; Corporal A. Smith, and Privates Thomas Sullivan J. Mc- 
Farland, Michael McKean, and Thomas McEvoy, company F ; Corporal John B. 
Adatte, and Privates Joseph Balfe, Edward Hughes, George JMcLeod, Napoleon 
Mead, J. Morris, and R. Taylor, company G ; Corporals J. O. Sullivan and Thos. 
Holding, and Privates Peter jMcCann and Charles McCarthy, company H ; Lieu- 
tenant Geo. M. Dewey, Sergeant William Duff, Corporals M. Keegan, Hugh Ful- 
ler, and Stephen McGarvey, and Privates John Dockham, John JMcClatchy, E. 
Morton, E. 3Ioran, and George Kavauagh, company I ; Sergeants William H. 
Johnson and D. H. Dougherty, Corjiorals George Cooper, J. Troughton, and J. 
D. Stevenson, and Privates Luke Higgins, P. Kiernan, C. McLaughlin, J. W. 
Sexton, J. Schully, William Thompson, and M. Reilly, company K. Total, 65. 

Fifth United States artillery — Privates Gustav Adolph and Gottfried Gerbig, 
company I. Total, 2. 

MISSING. 

Third infantry. — Holger G. Kolaye, band ; Privates David Roach, Corne- 
lius Ryan, Patrick Gates, Joseph Morrissey, and Frederick Lund, company D ; 
M. J. Deuey, company E ; Sergeant James Torpey, and Privates James Half- 
penny, Peter Mallow, John McNanard, James Manghan, and Thomas Renshaw, 
company H ; Sergeant Gustavus Gaupp, aud Privates Thos. Clark, James County, 



IGO REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL PORE. 

George Franz, Philip Minor, Thomas MeShane, and Francis Fitzsimmons, com- 
pany I; Patrick Garvey, Matthew Loven, John Lynch, Jolm Heislcr, and 
William Slattery, company K. Total, 25. 

Fonrtli infarifry. — William Tabb, drummer, company K. 

Twelfth infantry. — Privates Robert Church and E. C. Mclntyre, company A; 

Thomas Flanngan, company F ; Joseph Higgins, drummer, company B ; 

Stone, company C. Total, 5. 

Fourteenth infcmtry, first hattalion. — Privates McCabe and William Wal- 
lace, company A ; Alfred D. Harkins, William J. Hutchinson, and William R. 
Watkins, company B ; Peter G. Hackett, Charles W. Miller, George Osborne, 
William D. Owens, and William H. Scott, company C ; Corporal William H. 
Reed, company 1) ; Ferdinand Dure and Henry Krause, and Privates Nicholas 
Pomas, William Campbell, George Manning, and Anton Warner, company E ; 
Alvin E. Haskins, James Ryan, musician, company F; Sergeant Rul'us J. G 
Holmes, and Privates William H. Corp, Thomas Mulhall, and Joseph Town- 
send, company H. Total, 23. 

Fourteenth infantry, second hattalion. — Corporal James Fatzinger, and Pri- 
vates Daniel Carlin, Patrick CJorcaran, Edward Laughlin, Philip Lelali, John 
Levar, and William Ohl, company B ; William H. Dayton, company C ; Robert 
E. Croker, company E ; John Newboldt, company G, and Robert H. Silvis, 
company H. Total, 11. 

First infantry. — Privates Peter P. Morrell, James Forshee, Rufus McGuel- 
lau, and John McLaughlin, company G. Total, 4. 

Second infantry. — Second Lieutenant John H. Markley, and Privates Charles 
Urede, William Maloney, and Edward T'oomey, company F ; Peter Kelly, 
William Martin, William ]\Iyers, and John Oberterbessing, company G. Total, 8. 
Sixth infantry. — Privates John Gregan and John Casey, company D ; 
Henry C. Bessey, company E ; Robert Sorge and Hugh Mclntyre, company 
F ; ]\richael Gately, company 1. Total, 6. 

Eleventh infantry. — Privates John Healy and Oliver H. Brey, company A; 
Jason R. George and Alexander Hudson, company B ; Abraham Walk, com- 
pany C ; Patrick Driscoll, company D ; Augustus Fairbanks, company E ; 
Samuel Clendaniel and Horatio Howell, ctnnpany F ; James P. Stanton, Adam 

Bowers, James Scott, and Flinn, company H. Total, 13. 

Seventeenth infantry. — Privates George Streeter and Reuben Streeter, com- 
pany A ; George Roberts, company C ; Joseph Martin, company F ; William 
Gallagher, Henry Hursnon, Thomas Oogan, and Samuel Stewart, company G ; 
George Setes, company H. Total, 9. 

Fifth New York volunteers. — Corporal George Huntsman, and Privates G. 
Niebuhr, lienry Seely, Henry W. Stevens, and J. Thelaneus, company A; 
Corporals J. C. Boyd and Edward W. Lewis, and Privates Charles Ambsler, 
Bergen, Drummer Boyd, Privates Chrystal, Farrell, S. W. Ford, Fogarty, H. C. 
Gee, McLean, jMusician McKenna, and Privates W. F. Wessenger, B. I'owell, J. 
Stevenson, J. Sutherland, N. C. Warren, and John Whyte, company B; Cor- 
poral Ebenger Smith, and Privates Jonas Bryant, William Chatterton, John 
Gibbs, Eugene Gear, John Grogan, Henry Lespinesse, John McAnaspie, Lewis 
Matos, Dennis O'Brien, Thomas B. "Reynolds, Washington Sofield, and Reuben 
W. D. Sturgis, company C ; Privates Thomas H. Clarke, James P. Benliam, 
John Hoolahan, John F. Mahon, and Joseph Tyndall, company D ; Corporal 
John Craft, and Privates Sylvester Austin, Charles Billetei-, Richard Blake, 
James Brady, Alfred W. Clarke, John Cassin, William Perrin, John Ivcer, Leon 
Moreon, George IMowson, George Spencer, and Peter Van Genderen, compan}^ 
E ; Sergeant Charles B. Potter, Corporals Francis A. Morgan and ^Villiam A. 
Wheat, and Privates Charles E. Brehen, Clinton S. Cowles, Charles E. Dennis, 
Edward Simmons, and David Wells, company F; Corporal John Noble, and 
Privates David Byrnes, John Boyle, Charles Baldwin, James Cathey, William 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



161 



n. D.ivis, Edward Hoffman, Dauiel Hogan,, Victor D. Mahoiiey, James Martin, 
James Patterson, Thomas Rooney, A. J. Rodgers, James Riley, Charles Tay- 
lor, Van Benschotcn, and R. W. Wigham, company G; William 11. Ames, 

Francis Higgins, John Hefferman, James Kent, Dennis Lanahan, James Rey- 
nolds, James Riley, William Usher, and Henry Woodfall, company H ; Samuel 
H. Blake, James P. Crawford, Edward Dillon, John Hcarne, and John Kabb, 
compan}^ I; Corporal William G. Shannon, and Privates Pierce Carey, Edward 
Egan, John Finn, Roland Jones, and Oscar Stm-gis, company K. Total, 99. 

Of those ninety-nine missing, three sergeants, eight corporals, and forty 
privates are known to be killed, having been seen by Dr. Winslow, but did not 
know their names. 

TcntJi New York vohinteers. — Sergeant Alonzo Rodgers, and Privates John 
Steinhauer and John Smith, company A; Captain R. A. Dimmick, and Privates 
John Anderson, Corn (.dins Lowry, George Otlying, and James Van Benschoten, 
company B ; Nicholas Smith, A. S. Dalton, John Foley, and R. Oakley, com- 
pany C; Robert Harwood and Michael J. Brady, conapany D; H. Mallen, 
company E; Lieutenant Thomas D. JMosscrop, Corporal E. A. Dubey, and 
Privates John Friel, E. McCabe, and John Nugent, company F; Corporal 
Hugh Reilly, and Privates Ben Evans, Charles Shoeck, and William Mulkey, 
company G; Edward French, James Smith, Charles Scott, and John Sullivan, 
company H; John Johnston, S. McMullins, Dennis Coleman, M. Fitzgerald, 
George Furnival, J. McDonald, Philip Ritter, and J. Whitwell, company I ; 
Sergeant A. Finley, and Privates William Hook, J. Jeffries, P. Madigan, P. 
Ryan, and D. Sheldon, company K. Total, 42. 

Of these forty-two missing, fifteen are known to be killed, having been seen 
by Dr. Winslow, but did not know their names. 



RECAPITULATION. 



Resriments. 



ENLISTED MEN. 



3d U. S. infantry 

4th U. S. infantry 

]2tliU. S. infantry 

14th U. S. infantry, 1st batt'n. 
14th U. S. infantry, 2d batt'n. 

1st U. S. infantry 

2d U. 8. infantry 

6th U. S. infantry 

10th U. S. infantry 

llthU. S. infantry 

17th U. S. infantry 

5th New York volunteers 

10th New York vohinteers -.. 
Battery I, 5th U. S. artillery.. 
Battery K, 5th U. S. artillery. 



Totals , 



21 



145 



15 
13 
32 
91 
30 

6 
63 
26 
11 
15 
34 
163 
63 

2 



564 



25 
1 
5 
23 
11 
4 
7 
6 



13 

9 

48 
25 



5 
3 
5 

14 
3 
1 
2 
6 
1 
4 
5 
79 
23 



177 I 152 



17 
14 
32 
92 
34 

6 
C4 
29 
11 
15 
34 
170 
65 

2 



585 



25 

1 

5 

23 

11 

4 



13 
9 

48 
27 



180 



Grand total 

H. Ex. Doc. 81- 



917 



-11 



162 



EEPOKT OP MAJOE GENERAL POPE. 



■ No. 42. 

Tabular report of casualties in Brigadier General Sykes's division in actions 
of August 29 and 30, 1862. 



EeerimentE 



3d TJ. S. infantry 

4th U. S. infantry 

12th U. S. infantry 

14th U. S. infantry, 1st battalion 
14th U. S. infantry, 2d Ijattaiion 

IstU. S. infantry 

2d U. S. infantry 

6th U. S. infantry 

10th U. S. infantry 

11th U. S. infantry 

17th U. S. infantry 

5th New York volunteers 

lUth New York volunteers 

Battery I, U. S. artillery 

Battery K, U. S. artillery 



Totals . 






5 

3 

4 

14 

3 

1 

1 

6 

1 

4 

5 

76 

22 



145 



O 00 
1 I 

o 



21 



15 
13 
32 
91 
30 
6 
G3 
2G 
11 
15 
34 
163 
03 



564 



3 O 



25 

1 

5 

23 

11 

4 



13 

9 
48 
25 



177 



■gss 
a <= 



31 



45 

17 

41 

128 

44 

11 

71 

38 

12 

32 

48 

287 

110 

2 



886 



47 

18 

42 

129 

48 

11 

74 

41 

12 

32 

48 

297 

115 

2 

I 



917 



No. 43. 

'Nominal list of casualties in Brigadier General MorelVs division, fifth army 
corps, Major General Fitz-John Porter commanding corps, August 29 and 
30, 1S62. 

First Brigade — Colouel James Barucs commanding. 

Second regiment Maine volunteers. 

Killed. — Lieutenant A. L. Cowan, Sergeant W. P. Holden, Corporals K. 
Wharton and D. B. Webber, and Privates T. Kerr and J. L. Fuleton. 

Wounded. — Major D. F. Sargent, Adjutant S. P. Madgett, and Captain F. C. 
Foss ; Sergeants A. C. Wliitcomb, K. Stewart, J, M. Simpson, C. Swett, W. 
H. Burton, C. L. Lovejoy, J. M. Sherwood, and J. S. Nevins ; Corporals W. 
Bobbins, A. Wilson, M. D. Joy, and J. H. Sargent ; Privates S. J. Rogers, W. 
F. Ellis, J, M. Keeve, Wm. Wilson, F. Smith, 0. Templeton, F. F. Sargent, 
W. N. Murry, J. M. Curtis, S. J. Kenny, A. W. Strout, C. Tibbetts, William 
Jones, L. Gordon, D. F. Page, J. S. Knowles, L. Maddocks, William H. Mc- 
Kinney, S. W. Smith, H. H. Blackwell, S. B. Fowler, J. R. Veazie, William 
Walker, V. M. Pinkorn, F. M. Wilkins, William Mason, J. Campbell, M. 
Wyman, C. P. Quint, G. S. Marshall, C. Shaw, L. Trafton, B. Warner, C. Bray, 
H. Mitchell, J. Beckett, M. Blake, H. Wheeler, C. Moore, J. Barnold, R. AV. 
Harreman, J. W. Carm, W. G. Libbey, A. W. Frazier, W. H. Gates, J. Smith, 
T. Cunningham, S. Buxton, A. Kneeland, H. W. Drinkwater, E. Carr, A. F. 
White, M. Keaerse, J. Corcoran, C. Croniu, D. J. Collins, and J. Morrell. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 163 

Missing. — Corporal W. A. Brown, and Privates J. Hickcy, H. S. Barrett, 
C. F. Green, A. Tireton, A. March, A. R. Marick, F. E. Burns, A. B. Luce, 
H. AV. Gilmore, E. 0. D. West, G. W. Carlisle, L. Marol, and B. Sullivan. 

Eighteenth regiment Massachusetts vo/unfeos. 

Killed. — Captain C. W. Carroll ; Lieutenants W. D. Russel. P. Almy, jr., F. 
Fiske, and S. Kimball ; Sergeants B. Shaw, J. Simmons, and J. Stringer ; Cor- 
porals W. McFarlin and E. Holmes ; Privates G. H. i\niler, E. W. Adams, G. 
Kingsbury, G. Cleveland, G. P. Hero, P. Kearn, J. Conry, B. Brown, J. Hig- 
gins, P. Yurnay, J. McGowan, D. Rix, H. D. Smith, G. Y. Leonard, W. \V. 
Eandall, F. G. Smith, W.' Atwood, M. Cunningham, M. Gill, M. Raymond, J. 
H. Maxim, D. F. Church, F. Robinson, W. Manchester, A. Stringier, J. H. 
Britton, J. W. Stebbins, W. Flannagan, J. Hughes, and M. 0. Donnell. 

Wounded — Captain F. Weston ; Lieutenants E. W. Everson, B. F. Missir- 
vey, C. ¥. Pray, and L. S. Burt ; Sergeants L. Littleton, H. U. Luther, B. D. 
Damon, B. F. Caswell, A. K. Parris, S. Hollis, and E. HoM'ard ; Corporals A. 
J. McDonald, C. C. Holmes, D. B. Freeman, D. Cousins, W. H. Farrington, G. 
H. Claflin, G. H. T. Alfred, M. Ward, W. Simpson, J Braininey, and E. N. 
Blake ; Privates A. C. Dunham, H. H. Hosmer, J. H. Leasure, J. T. Nightin- 
gale, T. Reed, F, F. MpKinney, J. Reach, J. Brown, A. F. Contrell, M. Keys, 
B. McKoenua, L. Pond, A. T. Williams, W. Burgess, J. Ripley, S. Barrows, D. 
Bickford, J. E. Eaton, C. F. Lee, J. McKillop, J. Plumby, H. A. Wilcox, A. 
Thomas, M. J. Shurtleff, A. J. Atwood, T. Daley, J. Gleason, W. H. Potter, P. 
Breason, J. G. Prince, R. Wright, E. G. Cox, J. H. Keys, M. Sperman, S. 
Ellis, S. Benson, H. Parmenter, C. Thayer, S. Blake, F. Denney, E. L. Per- 
kins, W. Condon, J. J. Green, J. Wood, E. Carr, J. Jordon, H. B. Paulding, 
H. Jones, R. Covey, P. Mears, E. L. Thomas, S. H. Butler, P. O'Brien, A. J. 
White, W. A. Blake, A. F. Bates, W. Cheney, W. A. Sturdy, A. L. Bacon, E. 
J. Gibson, W. Q. Spear, P. Smith, H. Galligan, W. J. Barney, M. Otis, J. W. 
Leavitt, J. S. Robbins, W. Fuller, J. N. Parker, G. Worthen, H. Chandler, A. 
Ewell, A. Slumy, F. McAvoy, H. W. Pillsbury, J. W. Pickering, J. J^IcCantry, 
and F. R. Kingsbury. 

Missing. — Sergeant J. W. King, Corporals F. S. Clnirchill and S. Thom- 
as ; Privates E. C. Bacon, M. Fische, J. K. Maxim, B. F. Arnold, G. A. 
Ray, P. Lake, M. McCantry, H. P. Nourse, B. Sullivan, F. E. Alwood, M. 
Seaver, J. Elliot, W. L. Marshall, G. H. Josselyn, W. W. Bessey, G. L. Brown, 
S. Pierce, E. Burgess, W. Churchill, J. S. Robbins, H. AVeston, D. Crouty, C. 
E. Morrison, G. A. Lapham, and P. Margin, 

Twentij-fifth regiment New York volunteers. 

Wounded. — Sergeants Morton and Faely ; Privates J. Pinkerton, 

McCarrick, H. Alney, and H. Hogan. 



Missing. — Cor])oral Hooe, and I^-ivates Rogers, Garuurow, AV. AlcCormick, 
B. McGarrey, AVilton, Selmer, King, M. Kallahan, Slatterley, M. Catire}% 
Richards, and AVilliam Conriney. 

Thirteenth regiment New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Second Lieutenant Gotling; Sergeants J. Evans, G. H. Hill, and N. 
Mutz; Corporals J. Spall, S. H. Alorrison, R. Ruse, J. Snyder, and T. H. 
Jameson; Privates G. 13. Stanley, L. Kork, J. Harvey, J. Stewart, J.Ryan, H. 

Clark, W. H. Guilford, L. Vahn, Norris, J. Leitch, A. Kuhle, J. W. 

Whiting, M. Iraett, J. Guss, J. Kenfield, J. Benjamin, E. Galphin, J. Strout, 
and A. Thompson. 



lui REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Wounded. — ]\rajor G. Hyland ; Captains H. Geek, Hassler, and C H. 

Savage; First Lieutenant N. J. Burmell and Second Lieutenant G. W. Kirk; 
Sergeants J. Spear, I). D. Stilwell, F. Malile, E. Bicker, C. Tarcott, D. C. 
Jewell, C. Webb, H. M. Herrick, W. M. Martin, and J. Gilder; Corporals J. 
G. Wenseul, J. Cowley, J. Schider, Fanrull, J. Loy, and E. Jewell; Pri- 
vates S. Draper, A. Kenney, J. Bollenback, J. Waevtlier, C. Hasenzahle, 

Campbell, W. Reynolds, W. H. Lewis, H. Tracey, H. Cusick, G. H. Huifer, 
William Hannis, 0. Sullivan, J. Claney, L. Plows, D. Wilson, J. Jackney, F. 
Sclilert, J. Scliweir, William Portsmouth, J. AA^iite, A. Hotchkiss, S. Palph, 

]\Ioshier, J. S. Stater, J. liouse, G. Hazlett, H. Morcliess, A. Smith, E. 

Frankburg, J. Wolfe, G. F. Pickell, J. Leonard, Dowd, 11. Price, William 

Gillroy, D. Deurick, E. Kochle, J. Thompson, D. Peetcs, P. McGregin, Wil- 
liam Miller, T. Robinson, H. Potter, H. C. Lauckton, M. Homplating, J. Gack, 
J. Kennedy, M. Sauterburn, J. Guffney, J. Bruce, William H. Jerrell, F. Rob- 
bins, W. Jurey, and L. W. Soltes. 

Missing. — Privates L. Lanwold, R. Ambrose, J. Granger, G. Burdick, T. 
Harvey, R. C. Wood, William Rowland, E. Searle, William Billings, F. 
Sanders. 

First regiment Michigan volunteers. 

X///;v7.— Colonel II. S. Roberts; Captains E. Pomeroy, R. H. Alcott, C. E. 
Wendell, and E. F.Whittlesey; Lieutenant 11. C.Arnold; Sergeants J. J. 
Turner and B. F. Johnston; Privates F. Cady, G. S. Little, F. D. Fowler, A. 
T. Englc, M. Noran, W. Wilbcr, F. Pugli, II. Afaynard, F. Flooman, G. Muler, 
J. 11. Almond, II. M. Withington, D. Platte, G. Language, T. Bovin, H. I. Davis, 
P. Miner, J. Kitrage, C Ornley, E. M. Holt, F. Byron, G. Rowel, G. 11. Tomp- 
kins, W. Murich. 

Wounded. — Captain G. Hopper; Lieutenants W. Bloodgood, J. S. Hatch, 
and J. F. Wheaton; Second Lieutenants J. F. Wilcox and A. C. Allen; Ser- 
geants M. Hoffman, J. Dickenson, J. E. Langley, C. H. Haydin, L. C. Ran- 
dall, J. E. Lane, William L. Woodruff, F. Barney, C. Pease, and M. E. Smith; 
Corporals T. Man, D. Minthen, C. C. Bugley, C. 0. Vibber, 11. Watkins, E. 
Axtell, E. Leyrain, G. Beamaster, William Cole, W. F. Prince, E. Brown, G. 
P. West, and R. Savery; Privates J. C. Behlomen, C. Der, J. Kanouse, E. G. 
Rohan, II. Cook, G. H. Haviland, J. McCantry, J. R. Smith, P. Courtney, B. 
Kirkpatrick, S. G. Pickle, L. Turks, D. Kingston, D. S. Pierce, J. C. Cower, 
0. L. Gibbs, II. S. Preston, E. Kceler, L. Schnecubecker, B. Eddy, B. Path, B. 
A. Tucker, C. Lipscombs, P. Tattle, J. W. Wallace, L. Spawn, J. W. Allen, J. 

Donnelson, D. McKane, Stewart, A. J. Briggs, E. Moran, J. Hauld, W. 

Kibber, A. F. Harris, E. F. Rogers, J. A. Miller, L. C. Wicknive, W. Baxter, 
G. HiUman, C. D. Paine, H. Chase, F. Moran, E. Wolfe, J. J. AVelch, J. G. 
Villas, M. Collins, G. Casnack, 11. Manchester, C. Wanderlicks, A. L. Dicken- 
son, .] . B. Marsh, O. Brotherton, L. E. Morse, 0. Sanford, F. L. C. Rising, J. 
M. Collins, 11. Putman, E. Randall, W. Collins, H. Fieze, J. Pattie, H. 0. Per- 
kins, J. Connell, T. H. Graham, L. Louva, M. G. Fisher, F. Biunuz, C. D. 
Hodgkins, E. Duell, E. Partridge, G. Kork, J. Dorrand, I. Lotholtz, F. Foster, 
P. Saugan, P. Vassan, F. Begolker, AVilliam Fryer, A. Ormsby, M. Haller, D. 
Vanslyke, C. W. Boncha, M. Fn'shetta, and William Robertson. 

Missing. — Lieutenants G. C. Modyk, Stepper, and J. L. Garrison; Cor- 
poral Baumaster; Privates G. Eddy, S. Iloulton, S. Bliter, II. Preston, I. 

Tieknor, W. Hutchinson, W. G. Fisher, P. Stapper, William M. Court, H. H. 
Fisher, C. Holmes, W. Fix, C. Sanderson, 1. Duffy, I. Smatts, J. Depue, C. 
Beach, G. Moran, L. Gurnard, J. A. Woodruff, E. Davis, H. Perkins, J. M. 
Amesli, A. Harris, J. McViem, E. R. Wood, H. II. Cole, H. F. Manchester. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 165 



Third Brigade — Brigadier General Butterfield commanding. 

SevoiteentlL regiment New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Major T. 0. rirower ; Captains J. D. Blauret and James II. Pemnr- 
ret ; Second Lieutenant James Heed; Corporals M. Welsh, John McDonald, 
K. W. Taylor, and W, P. Borce ; Privates John Dunn, Jolin Vogle, j\Ianson 
M. Dunbar, John Hiler, Byron Meritt, Joseph Gliss, T. Connolly, Daniel 
Delf.ney, William Ives, I. Bertenshar, Jolm Bichardson, William H. Williams, 
and Gr. Gilbert. 

Wounded. — Captains J. L. Burliegh, J. 0. Martin, and Andrew Wilson.; 
First Lieutenants T. V. Toley, D. Derrien, and Waklro Sprague ; Second Lieu- 
tenants C. Green, and A. M. Sanfbrd; First Sergeant M. Skully; Sergeants 
Thomas Beale, T. J. Waldron, John Landry, Frank Gomes, John Jvcynick, 
Theodore Miller, C. H. Pease, A. J. McCoy, James W. Money, B. C. Is^odine, 
C. D. Immen, Thomas Clancy, and Lucien Post; Corporals N. W. Miller. 

Cyrus Taylor, Harvey, Fanican, and A. F. Hisrote; Privates 

M. Cain, Itichard Cook, H. B. Finner, Frank Garvin, Aaron II. Ilorton, T. li. 
Cauley, Peter Flood, Peter Nodiro, Joseph Kemp, J. Andrews, Peter Clark 
No 1, Peter Clark No. 2, William Faulker, William Knov>'les. Thomas Lau- 
rence, John Kohler, Andrew Moffatt, James Becket, Garret F. Majorey, John 
Donahue, F. McQuade, Bernard Harrison, B. Glawson, F. Conroy, Charles 
Putnam, Thomas Farrell, L. Finnegan, John Cotton, John Leary, Gem-gc 
Phillips, Charles Howell, James C. »Smith, Patrick Fagan, James Phillips, J(-l;u 

Doran, William Leaky, Benjamin J. Higgans, — ^ Holmes, Hagan, 

Cashrnan, McCoy, Sesnon, Jones, W. W. Ilyder, 

A. Wesley, Twiggs, William Griffin, John H. Griffin, Wm. J. Wart, 

William J, Hewitt, Ellis Jones, E, M. Waldron, J. N. Dines, Robert L. Sarle, 
F. Olmstead, James Burtley, John Bergen, A. F. Carpenter, William Lindsey. 
Kobert McGurnney William Downing, Anson Brown, L. S. Graves, Joseph 
Slinot, John Monahan, John C. Sweet, Ilufus Combs, Charles Crandall, J. 
Cunningham, Benjamin Smith, Jacob Evarts, James S. Hill, Alexander Decker, 
Levy J. Sweet, Charles Bills, James Conway, Henry Streamer, Tucker Slartin, 
and Henry Schneider. 

Missing. — Sergeants William Lee, Edward Farnsworth, Cowan, 

and James Cull; Corporal Burns; Private John B. Whiting, Peter 

Mitchell, F. Ferguson, C. Murphy, William W. Foster, John Hart, Daniel 
Worten, Isaac Williams, Charles AVhiting, Henry Weeks, C. Niedwhishey, 
James Croney, Thomas Kcrney, George Weston, Henry S. Hewald, William 

B. Hang, Frederick Panier, Cook, Creedon, Eager, 

liosbach, Wynkoop, J. L. Wedenburgh, Willi;un E. Worden, 

L. Reynolds, H. Shigle, Joseph Griggs, Joseph Paponiet, Hugh JMcCuti'ry, M. 
McCree, William Murray, Joseph Perott, James Scott, Robert Taylor, William 
H. Owens, Samuel Lawrence, Charles Nichols, Morrell Kurney, Patrick Quinn. 
Patrick Brown, G. W. Bullock, Doane, Samuel S. Fuller, Charles Mil- 
ler, James McLean, Eugene Parkhill, Emory Raynor, Daniel Sherman, Alson 
Peet, and Nicholas Smith ; Drummer M. Kearney. 

Forty-fourth regiment New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Sergeant Darling; Privates Eugene Walker, George Lutz, 

E. Frederick, and Charles Luff. 

Wounded. — Captain L. S. Larabee; First Lieutenant C. W. Gibbs; Second 
Lieutenants E. A. Nash, J. H. Russell, and J. Hardenburgh; Sergeants S. B. 
Johnston, D. S. AVeaver, H. A. Usher, and William H. Sentell; Corporals 
Harris, James King, and John Downing ; Privates Joseph BraudcU, 



166 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Chapin Babcock, James Cliamplin, "W. H. Cupp, James Dow, 0. Hortoii, 11. 

C. Hammond, George Hill, W. H. Rockwood, William Saler, William Wood, 
W. B. Horton, James Gould, Jacob Blackman, Peter Schafer, E. G. Stevens, 
Oscar Thomas, William Weaver, James W. White, M. 0. McNifF, Isaac Bevier, 
John Shone, Nathaniel King, Darius Little, William Lavervay, S. Dearstyne, 
John Mitchell, William Smith, David Fikes, George Eider, James Darmas, 
James Dougal, George W. Webster, James B. Cass, and H. D. Buck. 

Missing. — Sergeant A. G. Graves ; Corporal A. J. Hood ; Privates F. Burnett, 
A. Jennings, Hugh Galligher, H. A. Smith, M. Shaw, L. Crain, W. H. Tompkins, 
F. Furch, George Spry, Ira Conkling, David H. Gorden, Ralph McDougal, 
M S. Hill, L. D. Ladon, C. F. Balcn, A. Nichols, and William Eckerson. 

Eightij-third regiment Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Killed. — Corporals J. H. Subburt and N. B. Smith; Privates R. Talghman, 
Lewis Wliite, and E. D. Soloman. 

Wounded. — Lieutenant Colonel H. J. Campbell; Captain John C. Graham; 
Corporal H. B. Meffert; Privates William Hibbard, G. W. Sweet, W. G. 
Dilley, Jas. Huffman, E. Hitchcock, S. Feathers, Jos. Goheen, James Hunter, 
L. Dodge, David Tuttle, S. M. Lindsey, William Kephart, Mathew Hayes, John 
Lillibridge, S. A. Dilley, James Hudlcscn, M. A. Butterfield, William I*Memming, 
T. E. Mclntire, E. Peck, W. Dougherty, W. P. Roberts, William Lemon, L. 
Porter, William Bull, John Crutchlon, J. L. Dunn, Charles E. Petton, Wesley 
Babcock, and George Harps. 

Missi?/g. — ]\rajor W. H. Lament; Captain D. P. Jones ; Lieutenants J. Har- 
nngton, W. J.Whittick, and W. E. Bates ; Sergeants R. H. Proudfit, E. J. Whit- 
tlesey, and F. C. Wittick ; Cor])oral William Burrows ; Privates J. W. Her- 
ring, George Kiddle, Comfort Hyde, I. W. Vannata, Edward Potter, George 
Keir, Henry Brown, David Crandle, James Weir, Richard Beet, Wilson Anion, 

D. Thompson, G. W. Dark, Alexander Lowry, S. Himrod, G. Kerr, H. Stafford, 
R. S. Vanderslice, T. G. C. Merille, James Browley, J. L>. Fish, W. D. Shad, W. 
D. Webster, George Judd, Chester Rich, L. ^l. Chapin, Joseph Murray, Thos. 
Gillfillew, A. M. Barnet, G. W. Hazleton, William Mac, J. E. Hayes, J. II. 
Devoover, Willian Lyons, Archibald BroAvlcy, T. C Godfrey, C. Swift, Buss 
Serone, A. ]\IcFadden, R. D. Benson, J. W. Platner, William Bushnell, Simp- 
son Siggins, S. Butler, G. D. Judson, C. W. Stafford, J. C. Hayes, J. W. Fran- 
ci.sco, Thomas Whitmore, John Dusties, D. NcAvton, R. Eckhart, William 
Burns, G. H. McCord, Myron Blakely, D. W. Hatch, and George Foot. 

Twelfth regiment New York volunteers. 

Killed. — Sergeant Baker, and Privates Pat Kaine, James Van Horn, Ed- 
ward Hanlow, Thomas McClellen, John Deegan, W. H. Lopez, James West- 
lake, Peter Borglan, W. R. Wells, John Duffey, John Murphy, Thomas Wood, 
m. Richardson, and ]\f. Ryan. 

Wounded. — Captains William Fowler, Ryder, and A. J. Root ; Lieuten- 
ants J. J. Bcehan and J. C. Stanton; Sergeants James White, J. H. Leonard, 

Howard, Phillips, Brennan, and A.J. Nash; Corporals Charles 

Fenton, D. Martin, R. Herod, R. R. ^Vallace, Ed. Anderson', Charles Greene, 
James Clucy, A. Willis, H. Fitzgerald, and H. Ferguson; Privates Joel Jefferson, 
Chas. Elbert, Joe Denoia, Ed. Fountain, J. Downes, John McCantry, David Clark 
Anton Fuller, John Popple, F. Armdon, Joseph Masons, John, Flannelly, Ed. 
Follet, William Staunton, Garret Hicks, Charles Brown, H.Mager, J. G. Hornen, 
.J. Wolf, William Willets, William Farlen, Joseph McAfee, Louis Paulke, John 
■Coon, Joseph ]\Iorrell, Ed. Hodgkins, S. McCormick, Leroy Gray, Bernard Fay, 
.F. B. Horton, George Colburn, P. Gaffrey, John McBeet, M. Kennedy, John 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 167 

Love, B. Farnliam, Homer Care, H. S. Neariney, E. Fitzsimmons, and Joseph 
Blocat. 

Missing.— Jjientenant D. L. Ludtlen; Sergeant Finkington; Corporals 

Van Camp, Hitchcock, Price Cermond, K. Wells, Barney Brennan, W. 

D. Lermon, J. Lockwood, S. Collins, Andrew Black, Thomas Ivers, George 
Lynch, D. H. AndreAv, John Brown, Alexander Bowler, N. Kimball, James 
McNath, Dan. Strong, John Donaldson, and A. Whipple ; Privates Peter Welsh, 
James Idill, John Ferguson, George W. Colwell, Henry C. Harmon, Ed. Young- 
love, S. Tompkins, James Butler, F. Miller, P. Mailen, John Davis, John Ivers. 
Daniel Kelly, William O'Brien, John Keenan, Nelson Kimball, Wallace Paige, 
Fred. Whiker, 0. C. Hawley, H. Murray, John L. Keller, Lockhart Duff, 
Thomas Duke, M. Beardon, James R. Pearce, H. Smith, Thomas Slack, John 
King, B. J. Bennet, John Hunter, John jMcFadden, William Messier, N. J. Van 
Patten, Peter Saltier, W. Bridgeford, and H. N. Smith. 

Sixteenth regiment Michigan volunteers. 

Killed. — Captain R. W. Ransom; Lieutenants Michael Chittick and John 

Ruby; Sergeants John Copp and Everington ; Corporals Van Vicher, 

D. Bradley, E. B. Coffin, and J. C. Kitchen; Privates R. Mann, R. ]\Iartinstine, 
Jasper Gordon, L. D. Wickham, Useb Sachairley, Ed. Smith, and John H. 
Johnston. 

Wounded. — Captain Thos. J. Barry; Lieutenants Edward Hill and G. H. 
Swan ; Sergeants C. Ludwig, C. E. Bowen, James Hough^ T. F. Powers, John 
Luhman, Hanson McFarlan, and Ed. R. Tanner; Corporals C. Sherman, H. D. 

Filton, Nash, Richt, J. Mullenburg, Frank McGinnie, W. Quackcnbush, 

Turrell, Ed. P. Strong, Jno. Van Horn, Stafford, and Steffer; 

Privates H. L. Davenport, Albert Doane, Cordell Greene, Francis Kinurgee, 

Charles Sutherby, Martin Hushman, Isaac Dodge, Emil Stoorn, Brown, 

Joseph Allen, Daniel White, li. S. Kennicott, T. Morton, Wm. Shaffer, Frank 
Lane, Meritt Evans, John Conquest, Philitus Barber, Aug. Grieber, Wm. Sim- 
mons, T. F. Crandell, M. L. Bagley, A. B. Toman, Chas. Wyner, Geo. W. 
Richards, Patrick Wyse, Jos. Snyder, Robt. Botsford, Jno. Grienther, Jno. 
Bigelow, James Hall, Christian Keifer, Henry W. Falcott, Owen Winn, Josiah 

Bond, S. K. Knight, Fred. Weidmeir, Van Horn, 0. M. W. Greene, Henry 

Palmer, J. Shiiver, and Wm. Munroe. 

Missing. — Captain Lang, Sergeant George Nathan, Corporal G. R. 

Couden, and Privates Frank Giley, Christian Muchard, Jas. Benjamin, James 

Marten, John Brennan, Fames, Ackland McCroney, James Stewart, J. 

Gusenheifer, Whittey, Henry Prentice, Otto Schneiderwint, E. Coul. 

First regiment United States sharpshooters. 

Killed. — Sergeants Byron Brewer and G. C. Brown, Corporals Rudolph Sem- 
hauser and Peter Van Netten, and Private Chas. Beiler. 

Wounded. — Colonel II. Berdan ; Captains B. Isler and W. P. Austin ; Ser- 
geants C.N. Jacobs, J. McBain, John Coates, W. C. McLain, J. E. Nethiriug- 
ton, and R. W. Tyler; Corporals Norton Fitch, Theo. Shortan, Geo. Downing, 
H. J. Peck, and Isaac Davis ; and Privates C. Armand, Charles Ganieter, Geo. 
M. Barber, Theo. E. Gordon, N. E. Badger, Robt. Cassey, John D. Tyler, Wm. 
H. Lattin, Danl. Waner, Albert Bills, Thomas Hadden, P. W. Barker, J. S. 
Bailey, George Hartley, George Whitson, Geo. E. Whiting, S. J. Race, Wm. 
C. Henderson, Fred. Dittest*, John Uhlrich, Orson P. Sturtevant, Saml. A. 
Clark, Wm. Babcock, Thos. McCall, A. C. Stannard, Wm. Close, and N. D. 
Wilson. 



168 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Missing. — Lieutenant 0. D. McLain, Sergeant Philander Austin, and Privates 
L. M. McGraw, N. Wentwortli, James Burns, D. C. Overton, Patrick Joyce, 
Dexter Field, Wm. Fisher, Juo. Nickirsgill, Jno. Tappan, F. J. Hallock, Ab- 
ner Johnson, and Benj. Schaf. 

Batter?/ C, First Rhode Island artillery. 

Wounded.— Vv'wiidf^ G. H. Holden, T. H. llandall, and E. J. Leach. 
Missing. — Corporal E. A. Griffiths, 



No. 44. 
Tabular report of casualties in MorelVs division, August 29 and 30, 1862. 





KILLED. 


WOUNDED. 


HISSING. 


TOTAL. 






3 
1 i 

si 
s = 

1 

3 


. 1 

3 

g 

.1 


a 

.2 5"" 

o 


S 
g 

•Ji 


O cr. 

S ^ 

o 


a 


s 

a 
^ a. 

a = 

o 


d 

2 

"a 
P=3 


'3 
1 

C 
g 


I'hst Brigade. 

2d i-e.£;iment Maine volunteers .. 
l.sth reg't Massachusetts vols — 
25th rei^'tNew Yoii; vols 


5 

37 


3 
5 


68 

96 

6 


.... 


18 
28 
13 


4 

8 


91 

161 

19 


95 

169 

19 


22d reic't Massachusetts vols 










13th reg't New Yoik vols 

1st leg't Michigan vols 


1 
6 

11 


20 
2G 


(> 
6 


75 
106 


3 


10 
30 


7 
15 


111 
162 


113 

177 




94 


20 


351 


3 


99 


34 


544 


578 


Second Brigade. — (Not in action.) 

Tlurd Brigade. 

17th reg't New York vols 

16th reg't Michigan vols 

83d reg't Pennsvlvania vols . 


3 
3 


17 

13 

5 

5 

15 


9 
3 
2 

5 
G 


101 
60 
34 

42 
57 


5 
1 
6 


53 
17 
(U 
19 
64 


12 
6 

7 
5 

7 


171 
90 

100 
66 

136 


183 

96 

107 


4:4th reg't New York vols 




71 


12th reg't New York vols...... 




143 










6 


55 


25 


294 


214 


37 


563 


600 


Berdau's U. S shari)shooters 




5 


3 


3S 





15 


3 


58 


61 








Arldlery. 
Battery D, 5th U. S artillery... 








4 








4 
...... 


4 


Battery C, Massaclrusetts. 

Bittery C, Rhode Island 


.... 




.... 


.... 


...... 





- 




















7 


.... 


1 





8 


8 












Totals 


17 


154 


48 


690 


9 


329 


74 


1,173 


1,247 











EErORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 1G9 



No. 45. 
REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES B. RICKETTS. 

Headquarters 2d Division, 3d Army Corps, 

Hairs Hill, September 4, 1862. 

Colonel : I have the lionor to submit the report of operations of my divis- 
ion from the 17th August, when directed by you to retire to the east side of 
Cedar Mountain, to tliis date. 

On the ISth the command was ordered to retire from near Mitchell's Station, 
in the direction of Culpcper, and at lip. m. the baggage and supply trains 
having preceded the division, and the march much impeded by roads bloek(;d 
by trains of other corps, delaying our crossing at Rappahannock Station until 
after sundown on the 19th. 

Pursuant to orders from the major general commanding, on the 20th two regi- 
ments, 3d brigade, with a section of j^Tathews's Pennsylvania battery, under 
General Hartsuff", recrossed the river and occupied the heights commanding the 
ford, the rest of the brigade remaining on the north side of the river. 

The 1st brigade, under General Duryee, with Leppien's Maine battery, ar.d 
two sections of JMathews's Pennsylvania battery, was stationed on the heights 
on the north side of the river. 

The 2d brigade*, imder General Tower, with Hall's Maine battery, stretched 
up the river on the right. 

The 4th brigade, under Colonel Thorburn, 1st Virginia, being held in reserve. 
During the night a trestle bridge was constructed, and the morning of the 21st 
the remaining regiments of the 2d brigade, with Thompson's Pennsylvania 
battery, and the other sections of Mathews's Pennsylvania battery, crossed to 
the south side of the river, and skirmished with the enemy during the day. 

On the 22d, Hall's Maine battery did good execution against the guns of the 
enemy. During the night a heavy rain swept away the trestle bridge, and en- 
dangered the railroad bridge, causing the withdrawal of the 3d brigade on the 
23d, under the excellent fire from Mathews's, Thompson's, and Hall's batteries, 
which were then posted on the heights commanding the railroad bridge, sup- 
ported by 1st brigade, and a brisk artillery fire was kept up for several hours, 
until ordered to destroy the bridge and retire. 

I would here mention the untiring exertions of Brigadier General Hartsuff, who, 
although much prostrated by severe illness, continued manfully to do his duty ; 
and. also regret the severe Avounding of Lieutenant Godbold, Mathews's battery, 
whose leg was here taken off by a shell. The destruction of the railroad 
bridge, and the arduous duty of protecting the rear, was intrusted, to Brigadier 
General Tower, who performed it with admirable skill, and the night closed in 
a bivouac on the road toAvards Warrenton. On the 24th the division passed 
through Warrenton, and took position on the road to Sixlphur Springs. On the 
25tli moved to\yards Waterloo, resting about four miles from Hedgeman's river. 
The 26th was occupied in a reconnoissauce near the crossing at Sulphur Springs. 
The 27th, retired from that position to Gainesville. On the 28tli, being ordered 
to "assist Colonel Wyndham, who, at 10.15 a. m., reported the enemy passing 
through Thoroughfare Gap," marched from Ncav Baltimore through Haymarket, 
where the troops were relieved of their knapsacks to hasten the movement; but 
before reaching the gap, about 3 p. m., met Colonel Wyudham's skirmishers 
retiring before the enemy, already in possession. Fully realizing the impor- 
tance of gaining this point, I pressed the division forward, although in a 
wearied condition, determined to eftect the object if possible. 

The road was entirely obstructed by felled timber, Avhich delayed bringing 
the batteries into position ; the 3d brigade in advance, then conimaudcd by 



170 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Colonel Stiles, 83d New York, supported by the 1st and 4tli brigades, the 2d 
brigade being held in reserve. Tiie men moved forward gallantly, but owing 
to the nature of the ground, the strongest positions being already held by the 
enemy, we were subjected to severe loss, without any prospect of gaining the 
gap, although successfully maintaining our ground until dark, when I ascer- 
tained the enemy in superior force were turning both right and left, in the en- 
deavor to surround us; then considering our position untenable, and all efforts 
to take the pass unavailing, I despatched two messengers to you with this re- 
port, and retired towards Gainesville for the night, vv'here hearing from General 
. King he was to retire at one a. m. from the pike towards Centreville, and not 
hearing from you, M'hile considering the position critical, as subsequently proved, 
by the inquiry made by rebel officers, as to who ordered that retreat which de- 
feated their anticipations of capturing the entire division by their overpowering 
numbers outflanking us. I retired by the way of Bristow, and effected a junc- 
tion with the corps on the evening of the 29th, bivouacking on the field of Bull 
Run within range of the enemy's guns. 

At sunrise on the 30th ordered by you to send two brigades to report to 
General Kearney, and conducted the 1st brigade. General Duryee, 4th brigade, 
Colonel Thorburn, which relieved a portion of General Kearney's division. 

General Uiuyee's brigade advanced in the woods, driving the enemy along 
the line of the old railroad excavation, until directly under their guns, the 4th 
brigade a little retired on his right. , 

While occupying this ground General Duryee was subjected to a heavy fire 
of artillery and infantry, in which he received a slight wound and severe con- 
tusion from a shell, but remained at his post, animating his men, who behaved 
admirably. It was in this heavy fire that my aide. Captain Fisher, while Avith 
his usual zeal, acting under orders, had his horse shot under him, and was 
taken prisoner. 

The 2d and 3d brigades, under General Tower, with the four batteries, oc- 
cupied our left. 

While thus disposed, received the order to 'forward my division" from the 
right on the road leading from Sudley Springs to New Market, and follow along 
that I'oad "in pursuit of the enemy." I gave this order and reported to General 
Heintzelman, as directed, when informed that the enemy Avere foHowing up the 
already advanced brigade, and confident that tliey had no intention of retiring, 
so rejjorted personally to you, and was then directed to abandon pursuit, and 
I'esume my first position, where the brigades wei'c soon exposed to a galling 
cross-fire. 

General Tower, commandinfr 2d and 3d brijrades, was detached to the ex- 
treme left, with Hall's and Leppien's Maine batteries. This portion of the di- 
vision most gallantly endeavored to maintain their position, suffering severely, 
until General Tower fell seriously wounded, and the loss of officers and men 
was very great. 

The engagement now become general from right to left. I moved Thomp- 
son's battery to the extreme right of the line to dislodge the enemy, but was 
outnumbered in guns, and withdrew it to imitc with Mathews's battery on the 
right of Stevens's division, to aid in checking the enemy's advance, which was 
now pushed along the front; their loss in men and horses entirely disabled these 
batteries, and in connexion with the casualties among the commanding officers 
compelled the division to retire towards night, making a desperate stand at Mrs. 
Carter's house, used for a hospital, which proved unavailing against the supe- 
rior force. 

On the 31st we remained at Centreville, supplying the exhausted division. 
The 4th brigade was here detached, and the commanding officer, Colonel Thor- 
burn, being Avounded, I have been unable to obtain his report, but respectfully 
submit the casualtie* in the 1st, 2ud, ad 3d brigades. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 171 

On tlie 1st September we took up position on the Aldie road, acting in con- 
junction with G-eneral Reno's division, and held this point until the 2d Sep- 
tember, when, in compliance with orders, we fell back to Hall's Hill, near 
Washington. 

In recapitulating the services of the brigade commandiTS, I ^\'Oldd make par- 
ticular mention of Brigadier General Duryee, commanding 1st brigade, for his 
noble conduct at Thoroughfare Gap, and his indomitable courage displayed at 
Bull Run while holding a trying position. 

I desire to express my es})ecial obligations to Brigadier General Tower, com- 
manding 2d bi'igade, for his indefatigable zeal and valuable sei'vices on all 
occasions, particularly at Thoroughfare Gap, and at Bull Run, where he was 
detached with two brigades and their batteries, and highly distinguished himself. 
I commend the conduct of Colonel Root, 94th regiment New York volunteers, 
who, although painfully wounded at Bull Run, continued on duty. 

The 3d brigade, although early deprived of their efficient commandei. 
Brigadier General Hartsuff, behaved admirably. I particularly noticed Colonel 
Coulter, 11th Pennsylvania A^olunteers, whose regiment bore the brunt of the 
engagement at Thoroughfare Gap. 

Colonel Thorbuni, 1st Virginia, commanding 4th brigade, deserves high com- 
mendation for his A'alualde services — Captains Mathews's and Thompson's Penn- 
sylvania batteries, and Captains Leppien's and Hall's Maine batteries, deserve 
to be mentioned, not only for their uniform attention to their duties, but for their 
efficiency throughout the 30th August. My thanks are due to the officers of 
my staft". Captain John W. Williams, assistant adjutant general. Captain W. 
Fisher, aide-de-camp, and Cajitain B. W. Richards, aide-de-camp, who seve- 
rally exhibited a high degree of efficiency and personal Ijravery. 

Surgeon N. R. Mosely, medical director, was untiring in his exertions and 
care of the v/ounded. 

Major William Painter showed remarkable zeal and energy; also acting 
ordnance officer Lieutenant M. S. Smith, 13tli Massachusetts volunteers. 
Very respectfully, 

JAMES B. RICKETTS, 
Brigadier General Volunteers, Commanding Division. 

Colonel E. Schriver, Chief of Staff. 



No. 46. 

REPORT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM CHAPMAN, THIRD INFANTRY. 

Headquarters Second Brigade, Sykes's Division, 

Camp at HalVs Farm, Virginia, Sej)temher 6, 1862. 

Sir: We left our position on the Gainesville road, where the division bivou- 
acked on the night of the 29th, about a mile and a half from Manassas Junction, 
early on the morning of August 30; our line of march lay two miles to the 
left of Centreville, and was continued to Bull Run Hill. The division was then 
posted, about 8.30 a. m., across the Warrenton turnpike, 800 yards to the front. 
The 1st brigade deployed; the 2d brigade, composed of the 2d and 10th. 
infantry. Major C. S. Lovell, 10th infantry, commanding; 6th inftmtry. Captain 
L. C. Bootes commanding; 11th infantry. Major D. L. Eloyd Jones command- 
ing; and 17th infantry. Major G. L. Andrews, 17th infantry, commanding, was 
formed in columns of division as a reserve in rear of the 1st. The division 
moved forward from this first position to support General Morell's, occupying 
the woods in our front. The troops of General Porter's advance were assailed 
on both flanks by grape and canister from the enemy's batteries. After a por- 



172 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL ROPE. 

tion of tlie 1st brigade advanced into the woods, my brigade deployed its 
cohimns and formed a column of regiments in line. About 3.30 p. m., by 
General Porter's order, the brigade retired in admirable order to tlie point 
designated, then moved by the left flank on "to the turnpike; marched on same 
to the summit of Bull Run Hill, the post of the commanding generals. This 
movement was executed with surprising order under a heavy fire of artillery, 
and elicited my warmest admiration. At the time of leaving our second posi- 
tion the enemy was massing heavy columns on our left for a flank attack. My 
brigade was ordcM'ed by Generals Pope, McDowell, and others to advance to 
our proper front, then towards the hift of the position occupied by the federal 
forces. My arrival was most opportune; not a regiment or brigade of the im- 
mense reserve held on that field were in effective proximity to repel the advance 
of the enemy at the point of their approach. The 17th mfantry, leading, 
marched to the point indicated, followed by the 11th, 6th, 2d, and 10th, and 
occupied the edge of the wood, through which a heavy force were advancing 
against us. The line was formed with the Gth infantry advanced a little way 
in the woods. Here, coolly and calmly, my brave troops awaited a visible evi- 
dence of the presence of the enemy, when a volley was poured into their lines, 
Avith what effect could not be seen for the cover of underbrush, &c. It was 
replied to by a terrific fire of musketry; the firing continued three-quarters of 
an hour with no material decrease on the part of the enemy. One effect of our 
fire Avas notable, the enemy Avas checked. A New York battery, posted on a 
hill tOAvards the right and rear of my brigade, limbered to the rear and left its 
position at the very moment Avhen it could have done excellent serA'ice ; the 
enemy having disclosed itself in its front, the commanding oflicer may have 
received orders to leaA^e ; if so, they came at an unfortunate moment. The ene- 
my's musketry Avas not suificiently dangerous to drive him off, and he had the 
infantry support of my entire brigade. The brigade coolly delivered its fire 
until our loss urged a Avithdrawal. The enemy finding himself checked here, 
despatched a force further to the left, Avith a section of artillery, threatening our 
rear. The 9th Ncav York regiment of volunteers, on the left of our line, soon 
retired, exclaiming "it is too hot," thus leaving our flank exposed. This also 
urged the AA-ithdraAval of the left. Another volunteer regiment left our right, 
after being engaged but a few minutes. When the 1st brigade moved up 
Avithin view, I ordered the brigade to fall back; Avhile this Avas being done the 
enemy opened on us Avith grape and canister, firing very rapidly ; but fcAv casu- 
alties Avere caused by it however. The 1st brigade advanced toAvards the right 
of the position left by us. My brigade fell back some 600 yards to Bull Bun 
Hill, on the side toAvards Centrcville. We rested here until orders were 
received, about 6.30 p. m., to march to Oentreville. We reached Centreville 
about 11 p. m., and bivouacked for the night. 

It is Avith the greatest pleasure I bear testimony to the splendid conduct of 
my command. It challenged unqualified admiration. I feel and acknoAvledge 
my indebtedness to the battalion commanders, and particularly Major Lovell, 10th 
infantry, commanding 2d and 10th, Avlose remarkable coolness in the action was 
encouragiiig and insjtiriting, and Avhose assistance AA'-as only to be seen to be 
appreciated. I Avould recommend that his soldierly qualities be duly rewarded. 

For details I respectfully refer to the battalion commanders' reports. 

Loss in actions of the brigaded 

2d and 10th infantry, 86; 6th infantry, 52; 11th infantry, 31; 17th infantry, 
48. Total, 217. 

1st Lieutenant John S. Poland, regimental quartermaster, 2d infantry, my 
aide-de-camp, Avas with me during the Avhole day, carrying orders under the 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 173 

most galling fire to every part of the field wliere the brigade was engaged, and 
was conspicuous for his gallantry. 

2d Lieutenant E. E. Sellers, 10th infantry, acting assistant adjutant general, 
was with me during the entire day. 

I would also state that I especially noticed Assistant Surgeons W. R. Ram- 
sey and Alfred A. Woodhull, United States nruiy, untiring in their exertions to 
the wounded of the brigade. 

Respectfully submitted. 

WILLIAM CHAP]\rAN, 
Lieutenant Colonel od Ivfantry, Commanding Brigade. 

Lieutenant Hay ward Cutting, 

Aide-de-Cafnp, and Acting Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. 47. 

REPORT Ob" COLONEL WILLIAM BLAISDELL, ELEVENTH MASS ACHUSE ITS VOL- 

UiNTEERS. 

Headquarters Eleventh Massachusetts Volunteers, 

Camp ?iear Alexandria, Virginia, Scptcmhcr 14, 1SG2. 
Sir : I have the honor to report that on the evening of August 25, 1862, 
this regiment left camp, near Alexandria, by the Alexandria and Orange County 
railroad, and arrived at Warrenton Junction at 2 a. m. August 26. At 3 p. 
m. same day marched to a field two miles from the Junction and encamped. 
August 27, at 9 a. m., marched back to Catlett's Station, met and routed the 
enemy after a short engagement, with the loss of one man, John V. Churchill, 
of company E, severely wounded by a shell while supporting a battery. 
August 28, marched in j)ursuit of the enemy and overtook them on the morn- 
ing of the 29th on the old battle-field of Bull Run. After supporting several 
batteries the regiment was ordered to move forward and engage the enemy. At 
about 3 p. m., advancing about one mile to the edge of a heavy Avood, then de- 
])loying and moving forward in line of battle until within range of the enemy's 
pickets, the line was halted, bayonets fixed. Again moving forward, driving 
the enemy's pickets before it, the regiment came upon and engaged a heavy 
line of the enemy's infantry, which was driven back and over a line of railroad, 
where the road-bed was ten feet high, behind Avhich was posted another heavy 
line of infantry, which opened a terrific fire upon tlic regiment as it emerged 
from the woods. The 11th regiment, being the battalion of direction, was the 
first to reach the railroad, and of course received the heaviest of the fire. This 
staggered the men a little, but recovering in an instant they gave a wild huiTali 
and over they went, mounting the embankment, driving everything before them 
at the point of the bayonet. Here for two or three minutes the struggle was 
very severe, the combatants exchanging shots, their muskets almost muzzle to 
muzzle, and engaging hand to hand in deadly encounter. Private John Sawler, 
of company D, stove in the skull of one rebel with the butt of his mvisket and 
killed another with his bayonet. The enemy broke in confusion and ran, num- 
bers throwing away their muskets, some fully cocked, and the owners too much 
frightened to fire them, the regiment pursuing them some eighty yards into the 
woods, where it was met by an overwhelming force in front, at the same time 
receiving an artillery fire which enfiladed our left and forced it to retire, leaving 
the dead and many of the Avounded where they fell. It was near the railroad 
embankment that the brave Tileston, Stone, and Porter, and other gallant men, 
received their mortal wounds. Being thus overpowered by numerical odds, after 



174 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

breaking tlirougli and scattering two lines of the enemy, and compelled to evacu- 
ate theVoods and enter into the open fields beyond, the enemy pursuing us 
hotly to the edge of the woods, I was greatly amazed to find that the regiment 
had been sent to engage a force of more than five times its numbers, strongly 
posted in thick woods and behind heavy embankments, and not a soldier to 
support it in case of disaster. After collecting the regiment together, and mov- 
ing back to our original position, we encamped for the night. The ofiicers and 
men of the regiment fought with the most desperate bravery ; not a man 
flinched, and the losses were proportionately severe. Out of two hundred ami 
eighty-three officers and men who participated in the fight, three officers and 
seven enlisted men were killed, three ofiicers and seventy-four enlisted men 
were Avounded, and twenty-five missing, making an aggregate of ten killed, 
seventy-seven wounded, and twenty-five missing, all in the space of fifteen or 
twenty minutes. The regiment bivouacked on the field, and the next day, after 
being marched from one part of the field to the other, fell back to Centreville, 
where it remained until September 1, 1862, whence it was marched to camp 
near Fort Lyon, where it arrived on the 3d of September, 1862. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM BLAISDELL, 

Colonel Commanding Regiment. 
Lieutenant C. H. Lawrence, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, Graver's Division. 



No. 48. 

REPOLT OF CAPTAIN W. M. GP.AIIAM, FIR>T ARTILLERY. 

Camp at Centreville, Sej^tcmher 1, 1862. 

General: I have the honor to report that my battery occupied a position 
on our extreme left, supported by three regiments of General Reno's brigade, on 
the evening of the 30th ultimo. I here fought a large force of the enemy's ar- 
tillery, inftmtry, and cavalry, and held the position until 9 o'clock at night, when 
I was ordered to withdraw and take up the line of march to this point by Gen- 
eral Gibbon, commanding the rear guard of the army. As I was unavoidably 
separated from your immediate command on that day by an order from Major 
General Heintzelman, I hope that my course may meet with your approval; and 
with great respect remain, general, your obedient servant, 

^Y. M. GRAHAM, 
Captain First Artillery, Commanding Battery. 
General P. Kearnev, 

Commanding First Division 3d Army Corps. 



No. 49. 
. EEPORT OF CAPTAIN G. E. RANDOLPH, FIRST ARTILLERY. 

Earthwork near Fairfax Road, 

September 8, 1862. 

Sir :^ I have the honor respectfully to report that on the afternoon of Sep- 
tember 1, I marched with the division from Alexandria in the direction of Fairfax 
.Court-House. My first position, a temporary one, was on the left of the main 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 175 

road, some distance iu rear of the main battle-ground of Cliantilly. Afterwards, 
under direction of General Kearney, I took position on a knoll directly in rear 
of General Birney's line, and commenced a regular fire of solid shot into the 
woods occupied by tlie enemy. My position was such tbat I could not fire 
Avitb much ^iccuracy or eflect for fear of injuring our own line of infantry, over 
which I was firing. What the effect of my fire was I am unable to say. My 
only loss was one horse killed, and my expenditure of ammunition about one 
hundred rounds, mostly of solid shot. By order of General Birney I withdrew 
my battery after dark, and after remaining in my first position several hours, 
marched to Fairfax Court-House, when I joined the division on the morning ot 
the 2d. 

I am, very rcs[)ectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEORGE E. RANDOLPH, 
Captain Commanding Battery E, 1st R. I. A. 
Major H. W. Brevoort, 

Assistant Adjutant General, 1st Division, 3d Corps. 



No. 50. 

Copies of letters from General McDowell and Lieutenant Colonel Buchanan 
relative to the report of Brigadier General Milroy. — (For report see No. 11.^ 

Washington, October 17, 1862. 

I enclose a printed copy of Brigadier General Milroy's report of the battle of 
the 30th of August last, and beg to call your attention to that part of it where 
he speaks of asking mc for re-enforcements or the day would be lost, &:c. &c. 
I mark the portion to which I refer, as yours was the brigade which at this 
time Avas sent to re-enforce General Meade, the officer referred to by General 
Milroy, but whose name he does not give. I wish you Avoidd give me your 
recollection of the circumstances: 1st, as to the state of mind General Milroy 
seemed to be in, his manner, and the impression it produced at the time to which 
I refer ; 2d, as to whether or not it was a question of my sending re-enforce- 
ments to General Sigel, and if I refused to do so; od, as to the part taken by 
General Milroy with your brigade, which he claims to have led to where they 
were most needed, but from which they were forced back, &c., &c. 

Please return the report with your answer. 

Very respectfully, yours, 

iRviN McDowell, m. g. 

Colonel Robert C. Buchanan. 



No. 50. 

Washington, Octoher 20, 1862, 

General : Your note enclosing a printed copy of General Milroy's report is 
before me, and I will answer your questions seriatum. 1st, "As to the state of 
mind General Milroy seemed to be in, his manner, and the impression it pro- 
duced at the time to which you refer" — that is, when he rode up and asked foi 
re-enforcements. 

Answer. General Milroy's manner was very excited, so much so as to attract 
the especial attention of those present, and induced many to inquire who that 
was that was rushing about so wildly, and what he wanted. 



176 REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL FOPE. 

Second. "As to whetlier or not it was a cjuestion of my (your) sending re- 
enforcements to General Sigel, and if I (you) refused to do sol" 

Answer. General Sigel's name or corps Avas not referred to in any way in my 
hearing as far as I recollect. 

Third. " As to the part taken by General Milroy with your (my) brigade, 
which he claims to have led to where they were most needed, but from which 
they were forced back," &c. &c. 

Answer. When re-enforcements Avere called for to go to the assistance of 
General Meade, I was ordered by General Sykes to take three of my battalions 
and move up to the front and left, to the point most threatened, which I did at once. 
I left General Milroy haranguing and gesticulating most emphatically in the same 
place Avhere his conversation with you was commenced. He was calling for re- 
enforcements, saying that if they were sent at once the day would be ours, and 
that the enemy were ready to run. After I placed my three battalions in posi- 
tion, I moved to the right of my line, when, to my surprise, I saw, about one 
hundred yards to my right, the remainder of my brigade, which had been sent 
to the front after I left, and General Milroy was giving it some orders. I at 
once rode after him, and told him that those battalions belonged to my brigade 
of regulars, and that I could not consent to any interference with my command. 
He said that he did not know they were my men, did not wish to interfere with 
me, and only wanted to place them in the best position. I told him I was re- 
sponsible for the position of my command, and did not want any assistance, either 
in posting or fighting it. When he left me his own brigade was not near there, 
and he seemed to be rushing about the field without any especial aim or object, 
unless it was to assist in the performance of other officers' duties Avherever 
lie could find one to listen to him. I did not lose one inch of ground after 
I got my brigade together, which I did immediately by moving this latter portion 
to the left, but held the enemy at bay for an hour; and, instead of being " forced 
back," I maintained my position until ordered to fall back to the position from 
whence Ave started. Had the enemy " forced" me back, in the sense of General 
Milroy's report, he Avould haA'c obtained possession, not only of the turnpike, 
but of the sto}ie bridge, and Avhat Avould have then been the result? You are 
Avell aAvare — our defeat Avould have been disastrous. 

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

ROBERT 0. BUCHANAN, 
Li. Col. ith Inf., Gommd^g \st Brigade Reg. InJ. 
Major General Irvin McDoweli,, 

V. S. Volunteers, Washington, D. C. 

I return the report. 



No. 51. 

.REPORT OF BRIGADIER GENERAL J. P. HATCH. 

Camp near Frederick, Maryland, 

Septe7nber 13, 1862.' 
Captain: I have the honor to submit the folloAviug report of the movements 
of the 1st division, 1st corps, temporarily under my command during parts of 
the 29th and 30th days of August. 

Late on the afternoon of the 29th ultimo I Avas ordered by General McDowell 
in person (who was at the time stationed near the stone house, on the turnpike 
from GainesA'ille to Ceatreville) to move the division on the Gainesville road in 
pursuit of the enemy, Avho, he informed me, were retreating. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 177 

Gibbon's brigade bad been detacbed to support some batteries. 
Witb tbe tbrce otber brigades of tbe division, and (rarrisb's battery of boM'- 
itzers, I proceeded Avitb all tbe speed possible, boping, by barassing tbe enemy's 
rear, to turn tbeir retreat into a roiit. 

After marcbing about tbree q[narters of a mile, the 2d regiment of United 
States sbaxpsbooters Avas deployed to tbe front as skirmishers, the column con- 
tinuing up the road in support. The advance almost immediately became 
warmly engaged on the left of the road. 

Two howitzers Avere then placed in position, one on each side of tbe road, and 
Doubleday's brigade was deployed to tbe front, on the left of tbe road, and 
moved up to the support of tbe skirmishers. 

Wc Avere met by a force consisting of three brigades of infantry, one of which 
Avas posted in the Avoods on the left, parallel to, and about an eighth of a mile 
fi'om tbe road. The two other brigades Avere draAvn up in line of battle, one on 
each side of the road. These Avere, in turn, supported by a large portion of tbe 
rebel forces, estimated by a prisoner, Avho Avas taken to tbeir rear, at about 
30,000 men, drawn up in successive lines, extending a mile and a half to the rear. 
Doubleday's brigade moA'ed to tbe front under a very heavy tire, Avbich they 
gallantly sustained; but the firing continuing A'ery heaAy, Hatch's brigade, com- 
manded by Colonel Sullivan, was also deployed, and moved to the support of 
General Doubleday. 

Patrick's brigade, which had been held in reserA'e, took up a position on the 
opposite side of tbe road, completely commanding it. The struggle, lasting- 
some tbree quarters of an hour, Avas a desperate one, being, in many instances, 
a baud to band conflict. 

Night had noAV come on, our loss bad been se\'ere, and the enemy occupying 
a position in the Avoods on our left, Avhich gaA-e them a flank fire upon us, I was 
forced to giA'e tbe order for a retreat. 

The retreat Avas executed in good order: the attempt of the enemy to follow 
being defeated by a few Avell-directed A'olleys from Patrick's brigade. 

On the aft<a'noon of tbe 30lb ultimo I was directed to report Avith the division 
to General Fitz-John Porter, Avbo, as I Avas informed, Avould hold us, as a re- 
serve, to support the attack on tbe enemy's centre. 

I found General Porter's troops formed in rear of a piece of Avoods about one 
half a mile to the right of tbe point at Avbich tbe division had been engaged tbe 
day preA-ious. 

On reporting to General Porter, and informing him of the order under Avbicb 
I came, he directed me to post tbe division on tbe right of his oavu troops, and 
to make the attack simultaneously Avith himself. 

The diA'ision Avas draAvn up in seven lines, composed as folloAvs : Ist and 2d, 
Hatch's brigade; 3d and 4tli, Pati-ick's brigade; 5th and 6th, Gibbons' brigade; 
7tb, Doubleday's brigade; the 2d United States, sharpshooters being adA'anced 
as skirmishers in the Avoods. 

At tbe Avord given by General Porter the division advanced, with an interval 
of fifty yards between the lines. 

Tbe enemy Avere A^ery strongly posted behind an old disused railroad em-. 
bankn^ent where, according to their oavu statement, they had been aAvaiting us 
for tAvo days. 

This railroad embankment, Avbich runs parallel to the edge of the woods 
Avhere Ave entered in front of our right Aving, bears more to the rear on reaching 
a piece of open ground in front of our left Aving. 

After passing through tbe woods and reaching the open space, the left wing 
of the first line Avas obliged to make a partial wheel to tbe right to enable them 
to approach tbe enemy. This movement was executed under a heavy fire of 
artillery on the left, and of nnisketry from the Avoods directly in our front. 
H. Ex. Doc. 81 12 



178 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Seeing the great disadvantages under which, the 1st and 2d lines hibored, the 
others, as tliey came up, were ordered to oblique more to the right, to enable 
them to attack the troops behind the railroad embankment, and also to get a 
partial flank fire upon that portion of the embankment which crosses the open 
field. The contest for the possession of this embankment was most desperate. 
The troops on both sides fought with the most determined com-age, and I doubt 
not the conflict at this point was one of the most bloody of the whole war. 

Having myself received a wound which disabled me, I Avas forced to leave 
the field before the struggle terminated. 

For the details, and an account of the last of the battle, I must refer you to 
the reports of the brigade commander. 

General Doubleday exhibited the greatest gallantry in leading on his brigade 
under a terrible fire, on the night of the 29th; and, with his aide-de-camp, Major 
U. Doubleday, and Captain E. P. Ilalstead, assistant adjutant general, did 
much, by reckless daring, towards keeping this brigade from giving way when 
liard pressed. 

Captain Robert Chandler, assistant adjutant general, (King's staff,) and Captain 
J. A. Judson, assistant adjutant general, (who was taken prisoner while bearing 
an order on the field,) Avere distinguished for their good conduct on the 29th. 

Lieutenant Barilett, aide-de-camp to General King, behaved with the greatest 
coolness, and rendered efficient service on the 30th, bearing orders under a 
heavy fire. 

Lieutenant James Lyon, aide-de-camp, both on the 29th and 30th of August, 
bore himself in the most gallant manner, and deserves, as he receives, my most 
heartfelt thanks. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. HATCH, 



Bris;adicr General Yulantecrs. 



Captain Robert Cha\dler, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



No. ^^. 

EEPORT OF COLONEL J. W. REVERE, SEVENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters Seventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, 

In tlie field, near Centrcville, Virginia, August 30, 1862. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that this regiment, being ordered into the 
woods with the sixth Ncav Jersey volunteers, proceeding to occupy them, 
relieving a New York regiment of General Steinwehr's division, on the 29th 
instant, at 11a. m., on the extreme right of the position of our part of the aiTny. 

Advancing about fifty yards, we encountered the enemy's pickets, and a 
spirited engagement ensued, with varying success ; and having been relieved by 
t'ae timely advance of the sixth regiment New Jersey volunteers, we drove 
the enemy from his position, but, having been strongly reinforced, he regained 
it at about 1 p. m. 

The battle then re-commenced, and we held our ground, as ordered to do so, 
until 2.30/*p. m., when our ammunition beginning to fail we Avcre regularly 
relieved by the troops in reserve. 

Our soldiers went into the action greatly flitigued from the hot pursuit of the 
enemy in the forenoon and the previous day, but fought Avith great courage and 
determination, and held their ground, until relie\'ed, against three reliefs of the 
enemy in front successiA-ely. 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 179 

All did well, but I particularly de.sire to mention a piece of notable gallantry 
on the part of Corporal Frederick Kock. 

Sergeant Onslow, our color-bearer, having been struck down, the colors fell, 
and Corporal Kock seized the colors, and elevating them aloft, stuck the staff 
into his belt-roll, still firing his musket on the advancing enemy. 

I have recommended him for promotion to a second lieutenancy for his bra- 
very and example to the rest. 

I am deeply pained to report that Captain Jos. Abbott, company E., died 
nobly at his post while bravely discharging his duty in the coolest manner. He 
is a great loss to his country and the service. 

CASUALTIES. 

Killed. — Captain Abbott and Private Jas. Shuvell, company E. 

Wounded. — Enlisted men : Martin Haker, company A ; Corporal Curtis 
Dangler, and Privates John McPeter and William Stevens, company C ; Pri- 
vate Andrew Kelly, company D ; Samuel Pettit, Thomas Walravin, and Henry 
Engle, company E ; Sergeant James H. Onslow, John Corbitt, James Bennet, 
and John llyon, (wounded and missing,) company F ; Patrick McEvoy and 
George Putzie, company H; James Spangeuburg, company -I; John R. Lyon, 
company K. 

Missing. — Assistant Surgeon Charles B. Jaques. He has never been re- 
ported on the morning reports, on account of not receiving the resignation of 
Assistant Surgeon A. Satterthwaith, now surgeon twelfth New Jersey volun- 
teers. Enlisted men : Patrick Corbett, company F ; John Brady, William 
Willis, and William Sweeny, company G. 

Total killed commissioned officers 1 

Total killed enlisted men 1 , 

Total wounded enlisted men 16 

Total missing commissioned officers 1 

Total missing enlisted men 4' 

Aggregate killed, wounded, and missing, out of 240 who went into the fight . . 23 

In the aftair of the 30th instant our regiment was engaged, with the rest of 
the brigade, in supporting several batteries, and, although under the heavy fire 
of the enemy's batteries for sevei'al hours, during which we made several marches 
by the flank through their fire, I am happy to say there were no casualties to 
report. We retreated to Centreville the same night, reaching there at about 
midnight. 

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. W. REVERE, 
Colonel Seventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. 
Lieutenant Le Grand Benedict. 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, od Brigade Hooker's Division. . 



No. 53. 

REPORT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL R. THOMPSON, ONE HUNDRED AND FIF- 
TEENTH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters 115th Pennsylvania Volunteers, 

Camp near Alexand.ria, Septemhcr 6, 1862. 
Sir : I have the honor to report, for the information of the commandant of 
the brigade, the part taken in the actions of the 27th, 29th, and 30th ultimo, by 



180 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

the one lutndred and fiftecntli Pensylvauia volunteers, in the action of Bristow's 
Station : 

I formed line of battle in the rear of the scene of action by order of colonel 
commanding, acting as a support to regiments then engaged. After remaining 
about fifteen minutes in my first position, was ordered to the front, I passed by 
the left flank along a road leading through the woods to the open ground in 
front. On emerging from the woods, w^as met by a destructive cross-fire from 
infantry and artillery, sustaining a serious loss in officers and men. Not having 
received orders as. to the position to be taken, I was at a loss to know where to 
post my command. Finding that there was an interval to the right of the fifth 
New Jersey, I formed my left flank to the right flank of that regiment, closing 
the interval between their flank and the woods ; the right Aving of my com- 
mand I threw into the woods to clear it from parties of the enemy then occu- 
pying it. After firing four rounds, I charged the enemy, who were posted' in 
force behind the bed of the railroad, supported by two pieces of artillery on a 
height immediately in their rear. When the charge was made, the enemy fled, 
pursued by my regiment and the fifth New Jersey. After crossing the rail- 
road, I rallied my command and formed line of battle in rear of the fifth New 
Jersey, awaiting further orders. 

In the action of 29th ultimo, at Bull Eun, moved into the woods with 
brigade, taking position assigned by commandant of the brigade, my right 
flank connecting with the left of the seventh New Jersey, my left flank 
connecting with the right of the sixth New Jersey. After I had taken my 
first position, which was about twenty yards in rear of the road in front of 
the woods, by permission of the commandant I moved my command forward 
to the road to support the seventh New Jersey and gain a position in which I 
could deliver a more effective fire upon the enemy. During the engagement my 
command cliarged across the road up to the ravine behind which the enemy 
were concealed. Owing to the strength of the position and weight of fire from 
an immense body of the enemy, were obliged to fall back to their original po- 
sition, which, I am proud to record, they maintained during the engagement until 
relieved. During this charge I sustained a heavy loss, the aniaunt of which it 
is impossible to ascertain. Many of those returned as missing met their deAth 
in this charge. After being relieved, I moved to my original position, where I 
encamped for the night. On the following day, 30th ultimo, my command 
moved with the column under the immediate supervision of the colonel com- 
manding brigade, retired from the field at dusk, and encamped at Centreville. 

While referring with just pride to the gallantry of the whole command, I 
would particularly recj[tiest your favorable notice of the following named officers 
and men for coolness and exalted courage: Major F. A. Lancaster; Lieutenant 
R. L. Thompson, commanding company F; Lieutenant Wm. Ashe, company 0; 
Lieutenant Rielly, commanding company E ; Adjutant W. C. Ward; Captain 
Dtmne, company B ; Lietttenant Dillon, company B ; Sergeant Major Connelly 
was particularly conspicitously for coolness and dashing conduct; the color 
bearer. Sergeant Hugh Barr, behaved with the greatest gallantry, bearing his 
colors without falter into the thickest of the fight; Sergeant Wager, of company 
E; and Corporal Elder, company E. 

Number of officers and men engaged at Bristow Station, 204 ; at Bull Bim, 195. 

The above is respectfully submitted. 

ROBERT THOMPSON, 
luicntcnant Colonel Woth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Commanding. 

Lieut. Le Grand Benedict, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, Patterson's brigade Ilooke/s division. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 181 



No. 54. 

EEPORT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL G. C. EUKLING, SIXTH NEW JERSEY VOLUN- 

TEEKS. 

HEADaUARTEPiS SiXTH REGIMENT NeW JeRSEY VOLUNTEERS, 

Camp near Fort Lijon, Alexandria, Virginia, Scjitcmher 4, 1SG2. 

Sir: I liave tlie honor to report the following as the part taken bj the 6th 
regiment in the battles of the 27th, 29th, and 30th of August: 

On Tuesday, August 26th, in compliance with orders received from head- 
quarters, the'"6th regiment left camp near Alexandria and embarked on the cars. 
Arriving at Warrenton Junction we disembarked and encamped for the night. 

"Wednesday morning, August 27th, received orders to march with three days' 
rations ; left camp near 7 a.m. and marched in the direction of jManass'as, and when 
near Bristow's Station found the enemy in force. After crossing a stream the 
6th and 7th regiments were temporarily detached from the brigade, by General 
Hooker in person. We then marched forward deploying skirmishers on our 
left. In a short time Ave met the enemy's pickets and drove them in. We were 
then ordered to take an advanced position on a hill to the right, in front of us. 
which position we gained Avithout loss under a terrible fire of shell from the 
enemy. We were then ordered to relieve the 2d New York, Stli New Jersey, 
and 115th Pennsylvania regiments, who were engaged on the right. 

Immediately on reaching our new position the enemy fled in great confusion, 
leaving their dead and wounded, in great numbers, on the field. We pursued them 
for two miles, when we encamped for the night. Thursday, August 28, pursued the 
enemy through the day, and encamped near Blackburn's Ford (Bull's linn) that 
night. Friday, August 29, left camp at 3 a. m., pursuing them through Centreville, 
down the Warrenton road, crossing Bull Bun at 10 a. m. At 11 a. m. we formed a 
line of battle and advanced into the woods to relieve one of General Sigel's regi- 
ments, Avhere Ave found the enemy in force behind the embankment of an old 
railroad ; after delivering and receiving several volleys Ave charged and drove 
the enemy from his position, Avhen he received re-enforcements and Ave were com- 
pelled to fall back nearly fifty yards, Avhich position Ave held until avc Avere re- 
lieved by the 2d Maryland regiment. (During this engagement Colonel G. Mott 
and ]\Iajor S. II. Gilkyson, Avhile gallantly encouraging their men, Avere Avounded.) 
AVe encamped in the open field for the night. Saturday, August 30, formed a 
line of battle about 4 p. m., and Avas ordered to support batteries to the right 
and rear of the position Ave had held the day before. Through some misunder- 
standing, my regiment being on the right, the other regiments composing the 
brigade Averc AvithdraAvn Avithout my knoAvledge, leaving me in a very critical 
position. 

The enemy making a charge upon the batteries in front, compelling them to 
fall back, I determined to resist their advance, Avhen, to my utter astonishment, 
I found we Avere flanked right and left. I then ordered the regiment to fall 
back in the Avoods, Avhicli Avas done in order, and thus checked the advance 
of the enemy in front. 

At this time, finding the flanks of the enemy rapidly closing around us, the 
only safety for my cmnmand Avas to retreat. In trying to extricate ourseh'es 
from the critical position in Avhich we Avere placed my command suffered severely. 
I Avas enabled to rally my regiment on a hill in close proximity to the battle- 
field, under the shell of the enemy, Avhere Ave remained in line of battle Avith 
several other regiments, until ordered by the ranking officer to tall back to Cen- 
tre\'ille, Avhere I joined the brigade the foUoAving morning. We remained here 
until Monday afternoon, September 1, Avhcn orders Avere recei\'ed to march Avith 



182 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

tlie brigade ; near sunset we halted and formed a line of battle and remained in 
this position until daylight, when we again took up our line of march to Fairfax 
Court-House. 

I am under obligations to Captain Baker, acting major, who rendered efficient 
service after Colonel G. Mntt and Major S. R. Gilkjson were wounded. I must 
also mention Adjutant C. F. Moore, who, throughout the diifercnt engagements, 
displayed unxisual courage, rendering efficient service. 

Captains T. C. Moore, J. U. Crawford, and W. William, and Lieutenants J. 
Howeth, Thomas Lee, B. Coley, C. Merriam, J. W. Cogswell, J. Tallon, West 
Field, and Joseph C. Lee are deserving of great praise for gallantry displayed 
in these battles, as in former ones. 

With few exceptions the non-commissioned officers and privates conducted 
themselves with that valor which has given our brigade and division the name 
which we are proud of. 

It gives me pleasure to speak of the indefatigable exertions of Surgeon J. 
Wiley and his able assistant, B. Hendry, and also Chaplain S. T. Moore, for 
their care and attention to the wounded. 

Herewith I enclose a list of the killed, wounded, and missing during the 
three days engagements. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. C. BURLING, 
Liei/tniant Colonel Commanding Qth New Jersey Volunteers. 

Lieutenant Le Grand I'rnedict, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General, od Brigade Hooker's Division. 



Headquarters Sixth New Jersey Volunteers, 

Cam]) near Fort Lyon, Virginia, Sejyteinber 4, 1862. 

Sir : The following is the list of killed, wounded and missing of the sixth 
regiment New Jersey volunteers, in the engagements of August 27, 29, and 30. 

I am unable to give the nature of the wounds received, owing to the absence 
of our surgeon, John Wiley, who is missing and supposed to be a prisoner. 

killed. 

Avgnst 29. — Private John Y. Vannote, company A ; Private George Hig- 
gins, company C ; Privates William Fields, Thomas Van Brunt, Thomas 
Jones, and William Ilanlan, company E ; Private Benjamin F. Budd, company 
G; Private Michael Wright, company H ; Privates John Jobes and Edward 
Ewen, company I ; First Sergeant Edward Corcoran and Private John Gaggers, 
company K. 

August 30. — Sergeant Isachar Ettinger, company F ; Private Elijah Q. 
Burroughs, company H ; Private A. C. Cornell, company I ; Privates Martin 
Marshall, James Coleman, and William Bisbing, company K. — 18. 

wounded. 

August 27. — Private John Jcfirey and Daniel Bresnahan, company A ; 
Private Woodward Cox, company D. 

A^igust 29. — Privates Samuel Applegate, Hemy C. Christie, Shin E. Jami- 
son, William R. Morris, Johnston Lutz, and James Reed, company A ; Ser- 
geant David Smith and Private George Mason, company C ; Private Joseph 
Graisberry, company D ; Sergeant Robert Arnes, Privates Job Davison, 
Patchie Barry, and William Rianhard, company E ; Private Robert Hancock 
and Isaiah Lippincott, company F ; Privates William ]\Ialing, Henry Firth, 
and Reed Price, company G ; Privates August Seior, William Brown, John C. 



REPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 183 

Wbippcy, and William Loeb, company I ; Sergeant James White, Privates 
Charles Braceland, James R. Hnsted, William Hampton, Isaac T. Garten, 
Elias Jones, John Leo, Robert McAdoo, Michael McLanghlin, Jeremiah Price, 
B. F. Reeves, William V. Robinson, Isaac Warr, and Nathaniel Wilkinson, 
company K. 

August 30. — Colonel G. Mott, musket ball throng-h forearm and fracture of 
tlie ulna ; Major S. R. Gilkyson, musket ball througli thigh ; Privates James 
Williams and James Quirk, company B ; Private Solon R. Ilankinson, com- 
pany E ; First Sergeant Jonathan Maguire, Privates George Jobes and Edwin 
Packer, company F. — 47. 

MISSIXG. 

Aygust. 27. — Private Edward B. Hood, company I. 

August 29. — Private William Bibby, company F ; Private John Wiley, com- 
pany K. 

August 30. — Surgeon John Wiley ; Sergeant David S. Oliphant, Corporal 
Smith Applegate, Privates Josiah Garwood, and William Jemison, company A ; 
Private John Nugent, company B; Corporals Frederick Boorman, Albert B. 
Fryor, Privates Michael Corner, John Evans, Henry Herman, Nehemiah 
Wright, and John Wagoner, (wounded,) company C ; First Sergeant Frede- 
rick Young, Privates Thomas Bottomly, William Groves, Levi Jess, and Aaron 
Stone, company D ; Corporal James Smith, (wounded,) Privates Jonathan 
Barnes, Peter ]\Iiller, William Rossell, James Sherman, and Albert Woolman, 
company F ; Corporal George Farrow, Privates Thomas Gladding, and Thomas 
Taylor, company G ; Sergeant John E. Loeb, Privates William Dorsey, Wil- 
liam D. Jacobs, Jacob Gilmore, James H. Webster, James W. Lewis, and 
Watson Wertsell, company I ; Sergeant William T. Goodman, and Private 
William H. H. LaAvrence, (wounded,) company K. — 40. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. C. BURLING, 
Lieutenant Colonel Commanding Qth New Jersey Volunteers. 



No. bb. 
REPORT OF CAPTAIN GEORGE HOFFMAN, EIGHTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

Third Brigade Hooker's Division, 

Camp 8t/i Regiment Neu- Jersey Volunteers, 

Near Alexanch-ia, Virginia, 8cptemhcr 10, 1862. 

Colonel : In compliance with orders from headquarters, issued "in accord- 
ance with circular," dated some few days since, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the part this regiment acted in the recent engagements of 
Bristow's Station and Bull Run : 

After a march of six days across the peninsula, from Hamson's Landing, 
Virginia, to Yorktown, the regiment embarked on board the ocean steamer, C. 
Vanderbilt, and after a passage of sixty hours disembarked at Alexandria. In 
consequence of the length of the march and the dry state of the ground, caus- 
ing a continual dust, combined with great scarcity of water and the crowded 
condition of the ship, the men were very much exhausted, and not in a suitable 
condition for immediate active service. After a rest of thirty-six hours the regi- 
ment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wm. Ward, was placed on the 
cars and proceeded to Warrenton Junction, where it bivouacked on the night of 
the 26th August. At daylight, on the morning of the 27th, orders were re- 



184 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

ccived to marcli with two clays' rations. Tlie line of march was taken up at 
sunrise. After a halt of an hour at the Junction proper the march was resumed. 

At a distance of six or seven miles from the Junction, and at about 2 o'clock 
in the afternoon, the 2d New York regiment, composing a part of the brigade, 
was deployed at some distance to the front as skirmishers ; after an advance of 
about a mile, brigade line of battle Avas formed, this regiment occupying the 
extreme left position. Arriving near Bristow's Station, the frequent tire of the 
skirmishers announced an enemy near. After emerging from a dense under- 
growth of small pines, the enemy was discovered on the opposite side of an open 
field, from whence he opened a sharp fire of grape and canister from a battery 
stationed near the railroad. Being exposed to this fire and without cover, under 
orders from Lieutenant Colonel Ward, commander of the regiment, advanced in 
double-quick time to a small ravine, situated near the centre of the field, which 
afibrded some protection, and from where our fire could be more efl'ective. We 
immediately opened fire, which was kept up with great vigor until some twenty 
rounds of annnunition were expended. Our fire was directed towards the forces 
of the enemy which supported the battery near the railroad ; it did good execu- 
tion, forcing the enemy to retire from his position in the field, and seek shelter 
in the woods beyond. At this point the enemy were driven from their position, 
on the right of the railroad, by the vigorous fire and rapid charge of other regi- 
ments of the brigade ; observing that they were retiring on the right, Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Ward gave the order to charge the battery on the left ; the Hue 
was immediately formed, and the regiment advanced double-quick, in good order, 
and rapidly ; so rapid was the movement that the enemy, although securing 
the safety of their guns, were compelled to abandon their ammunition and ram- 
mers, which were destl'oyed by men belonging to the regiment; some tenor 
twelve prisoners were captured. The engagement having been brought to an 
end, by the precipitate flight of the enemy from the field, we took position on 
ground previously occupied by the enemy on the right of the railroad, which 
Avas occupied by the regiment until near dark, "svhen we were relieved, and pro- 
ceeded to join the brigade, Avhich had advanced in pursuit of the fleeing enemy. 
The further pursuit of the enemy having been abandoned tor the night, the regi- 
ment, with the brigade, bivouacked for the night on the banks of a creek some 
two miles from the field of battle, in the enemy's direction. The loss of the 
regiment in this engagement was two killed and twenty-three wounded. Both 
officers and men deserve the highest commendation for their conduct, having 
behaved with the coolness and gallantry for Avhich the regiment is distinguished. 

August 28th, the regiment took up the line of march in the forenoon, passing 
through Manassas Junction and along the railroad to near Centreville, where it 
bivouacked for the night. The march was resumed very early in the morning, 
the 29th, halting at Centreville for a time, and arriving at Bull Kuu battle- 
ground at meridian, when we were immediately ordered to the front, and stacked 
arms in a ravine, near a dense Avood, for a short rest. After a rest of an hour 
we advanced in line of battle into the wood, luider a heavy and rapid fire from 
the enemy, Avhose exact position we were unable at the moment to discover. 
After a short time a large force of the enemy, consisting of a brigade, was ob- 
served passing round our left flank, when the regiment Avas ordered by Acting 
SLajor Fuite to retire, Colonel Ward having in the meantime been severely 
Avounded. The enemy, in passing to the left, poured into the regiment a most 
galling and destructive fire, throAving it for the moment into confusion ; it Avas, 
howcA-er, rallied by its feAV remaining ofiicers (Acting Major Fuite being killed 
by a shot in the head) on the edge of the Avood. Line of battle Avas immedi- 
ately formed, our right resting on the left of the fifth. We at once became en- 
gaged, and for tAventy minutes poured into the ranks of the enemy so destruc- 
tive a fire as to cause him to stagger. He, hoAvever, rallied, but Avas again met 
by the same sharp fire, and the artillery, fortunately opening at this time, SAvept 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 185 

liim from the flank, and the attempt to outflank ns on the left was not again 
repeated. Our ammunition being entirely expended, we retired by the right 
flank f n- a supply, the ammunition train being to the right and rear some two 
hundred yards. After receiving a supply of ammunition, under orders we re- 
tired to the rear of the artillery, and bivouacked for the night. The command, 
during the latter part of the day, devolved upon Captain liofiman, and he being 
injured from a fall, still later, the command devolved upon Captain Johnson. 
The loss in this day's engagement was severely felt. Acting Major Fuite being 
killed and Lieutenant Colonel William Ward being severely wounded ; there 
Avere also thirty-three non-commissioned ofiicers and privates killed and wounded 
— eight killed, twenty-five wounded tSaturday morning, August 30th, Captain 
1). Blauvclt, jr., who had been on detached duty by order of Lieutenant Colonel 
AVard, joined the regiment, and, being the senior ofScer present, took the com- 
mand in this day's engagement, which, on our part, consisted merely in support- 
ing a battery. Our loss was one wounded by a shell, making a total loss of 
killed and wounded, in the different engagements, of fifty-nine. 

The regiment retired with the brigade, on the night of the SOtli, to Centre- 
ville, where it bivouacked, changed camp on Siuiday afternoon, and proceeded 
on the line of march on Tuesday, reaching Fairfax Station, when it was de- 
tailed by General Grover to guard an ammunition train from that point to Alex- 
andria, over the Annandale turnpike. The train Svas delivered safely into 
the proper hands. On Tuesday Captain Langstein, arriving in camp, assumed 
the command. Captain Langstein was relieved by Major Ivamscy, of the 5th 
New Jersey volunteers, who is now in command. 

I have the satisfaction of informing the colonel commaiuling brigade that 
each ofl5cer and man in the regiment has, in his proper sphere, done his duty 
nobly, fiitlifully, and in such a manner as to merit the special commendation of 
General Hooker, Avhich is to me a source of great pride. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfull}', your obedient servant, 

GEORGE HOEE.A[AX, 
Senior Caj)/ain Bth New Jersey Volunteers. 
•Colonel Joseph B. Carr, 

Commandlnii o'el Brigade Hoolic/s Division. 



No. 5Q. 
REPORT OF MAJOR G. BANKS, SIXTEENTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER!?. 

The regiment left Alexandria IMonday evening, August 25, by railroad, for War- 
renton Junction. Arrived at Warrenton Junction on the morning of the 26th ; 
marched about two miles, and encamped for the night. Marched from there at 
10 o'clock on the morning of the 27th ; had a skirmish Avith the enemy at Bris- 
tow Station, or Kettle Run, and encamped at th(? same place for the night. 
Started about 12 m. of the 28th for Manassas Junction; passed through Manas- 
sas Junction, and encamped near Centi'eviHe. Left camp the 29th near day- 
break for Manassas, and participated in the battle in the afternoon of the same 
day on the old battle-ground of Bull Run. Took part in the engagement of 
the 30th, and left for Centreville about dusk same day. The casualties in the 
regiment in the battle of the 29th and 30th (principally on the 29th) were as 
follows : 

Killed: commissioned officers, 1 ; enlisted men, 3. Wounded: commissioned 
officers, 4 ; enlisted men, 60. Missing : commissioned officers, 2 ; enlisted men, 40. 
Aggregate, 110. 

We arrived at Centreville about 1 o'clock on the morning of the 31st, and 



186 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

remained in camp until about 5 p. m., when our camp was moved about half 
a mile towai'ds Manassas ; remained in camp last mentioned until 5 p. m. of 
September Lst, then started for Alexandria. 

We Avere ordered for picket diity the same night on the battle-field of Chan- 
tilley, where Kearny's and Reno's division had been engaged with the enemy 
an hour previous. Left on the morning of the 2d about three o'clock, and 
marched about four miles beyond Fairfax Station, and encamped for the night. 
Left camp the morning of the 3d at daybreak, and reached Fort Lyon about 3 
o'clock p. m. the same day. 

GARDNER BANKS, 
Major of tlie X^tlt Massaclmsetts Volunteers, Commanding. 



No. 57. 

EEPORT OF CASUALTIES OF THE EIGHTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

Subjoined find the following list of names of killed and wounded of Eighth 
New Jersey volunteers : 

Killed. — Captain John Fuite, John !M. Reuck, corporal, company A ; William 
Gaysell, private, company E ; Robert Johnson, sergeant, and George Garrison, 
private, company H. 

Wounded. — Li(Hitenant Colonel William Ward, John C. Steinbar, first ser- 
geant, and George Hopwood, private, company A; William Robinson, Lawrence 
Healy, and Christopher Farrell, privates, Henry Iluttman, corporal, and Frank 
Cramp ton, and Hermann Calhoun, privates, company B; John Kehoe, Horace 
B. Mockridge, William J. Lake, John J. Thompson, Francis Hackett, privates, 
and Jacob A. Young, corporal, company C ; N. B. Clark, corporal, and William 
Kenworth, Samuel N. W^ood, John Wyckoff, Arthur Nesbit, Newton Johnson, 
and Edward Carter — supposed dead, company D ; G. Cline, corporal, and D. 
Cooper, E. E. Wonderly, F. E. Dennis, William Donald, H. B. Graves, F.'M. 
Harrison, J. Schultz, Thomas McSoully, and F. C. Dunker, privates, company 
E; Enoch Scudder, corporal, and William Donnelly, Elias Hoffman, Jabez Lee, 
James J. Lake, James McClay, John B. Stewart, Hamilton Bowlsby, William 
Bowlsby, and John Bird, privates, company H ; James M. Baird, and Charles 
Huntly, corporals, and Barney Hammell, private, company F ; Thomas Far, 
Michael Harth, Charles Airy, and Henry French, privates, company G; Napo- 
leon Debuc, John F. Clouser, and Dennis McGowan, privates, company I, 
Thomas Curlis, private, killed, and Diltz Slack, corporal, company K. 

GEORGE HOFFMAN, 
Senior CojJtain Eighth Keio Jersey Volunteers. 



No. 58. 
LIST OF CASUALTIES IN THE SECOND REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 

KILLED. 

August 27. — Corporal Oliver H. Porter, and Private Edward Farrell, company 
B ; Privates John T, Andrews, and James T'aylor, company C ; Corporal 
Charles Reith, and Privates John Jones, Michael Planning, and Frank O'Niele, 
company D; Corporal Frederick P. AVrigley, company G; Private Charles 
Stickney, company K. 

August 29. — Corporal Thomas B. Casey, company E. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 181 



WOUNDED. 

August 27. — First Lieutenant Francis Temple, (in command of company,) 
and Privates Thomas Himes, Jacob A. Becroft, and John P. MeXamara, com- 
]iany A; Corporal Peter Robson, and Privates William E. Hydorn, (since dead,) 
.John Lucey, and John O'Brien, company B; Captain John H. Quackenbush, 
First Serg-eant Robert B. Dickie, (acting Lieutenant,) and Privates David Earle, 
Paul Manner, and John Narcotte, company C ; Captain John Maguire, Second 
Lieutenant Joseph Egolf, Sergeant j\lichael Russell, Corporal Lorenz Kingsley, 
and Privates Jacob Baker, James Dufty, James 11. Flynn, Patrick Grace, 
Thomas Hcnnesy, Frank Slayatte, James Sullivan, and Joseph C. Taylor, 
company D; Captain S. Lee Perkins, (since dead,) and Private Simeon Moran- 
ville, company E ; Corporals Warren Harrington, Peter P. Ray, jr., George H. 
Pierce, and Privates James Beak, Henry C. Duimcll, William R. Trear, Daniel 
E. Gardner, and James ^I. Sturtevant, company F ; Second Lieutenant Cornelius 
Kirker, Corporal Peter Broomhower, and Privates John Finley, John Medlicott, 
Patrick O'Donnell, and Joseph Savior, company G; Sergeant William McCol- 
lough, (since dead,) Corporals William Greenwood, William A. Gatlhey, and 
I'rivates Patrick Conway, Michael Daly, William Hadey, and David Murrey, 
company I ; First Sergeant George D. Smith, Sergeant Augustus Willard, Cor- 
poral Thomas Thrane, and Privates Frederick Epting, Edward Walton, Ferdi- 
nand Wise, Frederick Wurst, company K. 

August 29. — Corporal Joseph Homan, company C ; Corporal John RoAvland, 
and Privates Henry C. Dunnell, and James C. McGoAvan, company F; First 
Sergeant Nathan F. Hodgeman, company A; Private Adolphus Staude, com- 
pany K. 

August 30. — Sergeant Major Theodore Horn, company K. 

MISSIXO. 

August 29. — Private George Looby, company D ; Private Patrick Kearacy, 
coinpany A ; Private John Gormley, company B ; Privates Michael Ryan, and 
John A. Smith, company B; I'rivate Ed\\'ard S. Wilson, company F; Privates 
John Mills, and John Brinn, company G ; Pri^'ate Henry Todt, company K. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Killed commissioned officers 

Wounded commissioned officers 6 

]\Iissing commissioned officers 

Killed enlisted men 11 

Wounded enlisted men b5 

Missing enlisted men 9 

81 



Camp Second Regiment ISTew York Volunteers, 

A"<?«r Alexandria, Va., September 13,« 1862. 

I certify tliat the above is a correct list of casualties in the 2d regiment Xew 
York volunteers, in the engagements of the 27th, 29th, and 30th of August, 
1S62. 

WILLIAM A. OLMSTED, 
Licute?iant Coloiiel 2d Infant' ry, Kcio York Volunteers, Commanding. 



188 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Xo. 59. 

FxEPORT 01^ KILLED, WOUNDED, AND MISSIXCt, 115TH PE->TNSYLVANIA YOL- 
UNTEEES IN BATTLES OF 27TH, 29TH, AND 30TH AUGUST 

Station near Capiip Lyons, Virginia, 

Avgtist 31, 1862. 

Killed. — rjorpornl Eos'W'ell C. BoAvie, company A; Private Frank Donnelly, 
company C ; Privates Luther C. NefF and Daniel Regan, company E. 

IVoundctl. — Major P. A. Lancaster, left arm shattered above elbow; Captain 
P. O'Mnrpliy, flesh wound of thigh, (not dangerous,) and Private Wai. Wlielan, 
shot through wrist, (serious,) company A; Lieutenant Richard Dillon, contused 
wound of hip, (by explosion of shell,) Privates Wm. Farr, shot through shoul- 
der, and Mich'l MnlgrcAv, shot through hand, company B ; Corporal Daniel Man- 
ine, shot through i;])pcr jaAv, (dangerous,) and Private Hugh McKendrick, shot 
through riglit shoulder, (serious,) company C ; Corporal John Brown, shot 
through left hand, (not serious,) Privates Michael Allen, shot through left shoul- 
der, (not serious,) and James Burns, company E ; Lieutenant R. L. Thompson, 
shot through back part of neck, (not serious,') Corporal Frank Spencer, buckshot 
through arm, (not serious,) Privates Isaac Weidner, shot through upper part 
of chest, (serious,) and John Roderick, contusion of chest by shell, (serious,) 
company F; Corporal A. T. McClutcheon, shot through hand, Privates Samuel 
Rogers, bruised thigh by bursting of shell, and James Lyons, shot through 
hand, (serious.) 

Missing. — Privates James Walton and Michael Malone, company A; Corpo- 
ral Charles Sweeney, and Privates John SulliA^an, ]\Iichael Reardon, and James 
O'Niel], company B; Privates Jacob P.Wiseman and William Wood, company 
C ; Private Jaines McCarroll, company E ; Private John Walls, comp)any F ; 
Privates John Linderman and John Charlton, comiiany I. 

T. S. BARTRAM, Assistcuit Surgeon. 



No. 60. 

REPORT OF CxiSUALTIES OF THE FIFTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters 5th New Jersey Volunteers, 

Caiivp near Alexandria, Virginia, September 5, 1862. 

Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the 
regiment under my command in the action at Broad Run, August 27, 1862 : 

The regiment, after marching a distance of eight miles, was assigned a position 
on the right of the first line of the brigade, my left resting on the railroad. 
Advancing in this manner, I was soon entangled in a dense wood, which retarded 
my progress, it being almost impassable. I Avas obliged to halt several times 
and form the regiment. Skirmishers in advance reporting the enemy in my 
immediate vicinity, the 2d Ncav York and 115th Pennsylvania on my left soon 
became engaged. Finding it impossible to push my way through the woods in 
anything lik(! order, I thrcAV one company to the left of the railroad and one 
across the track. These companies immediately opened a flank fire on the 
enemy, who Averc using the high embankment of the railroad as a breastAvork. 
After a fcAV volleys the enemy gave way, Avhen I ordered a charge up the 
railroad. The regiment advanced on the double-quick, the enemy running 
before us at this point. I took one prisoner, Avho Avas not able to keep up with 



RErORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 189 

his comrades. Halting in an open field on the brow of the hill, the enemy in 
sight on my left and front, the regiment rested until the rest of the brigade came 
up. The infantry did not again become engaged. Later in the day 'I was or- 
dered to picket a road two miles to the left. Whilst performing this duty the 
regiment captured twenty-three prisoners. 
The following is a list of the casualties : 
Killed. — Sergeant C. J. Boone, company B. 

Wounded. — Corporal George W. Dally, coinpany II ; Private John Bower, 
company E ; Private John Dennis, company I. 

Missing. — Private Patrick McLaughlin, company H. 

In this engagement the officers and men of this regiment, without any excep- 
tions, behaved Avith great gallantry. All seemed to be actuated with the same 
spirit, and that was to fight. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. J. SEWELL, 
Lieutenant Colonel 5t.h New Jersey Volunteers, Commanding Regiment. 
Le Graxd Benedict, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General 3d Brigade. 



HEADdUARtERS OTH jSTeW JeRSEY VOLUNTEERS, 

Aear Alexandria, Scjytember 5, 1862. 

Sir : 1 have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the 
regiment under my command at the battle of IjuII Run, August 29, 1862 : 

I received orders to deploy my right Aving as skirmishers in front of the 
brigade, in an open wood. As soon as the line advanced to where the line of 
another division had previously been, firing commenced on both sides, continuing 
up to the time the brigade was relieved. 

I was soon obliged to relieve my right wing with my left wing, the former 
having emptied their cartridge-boxes, containing sixty rounds. The men thus 
relieved I posited in the rear of the line of battle to prevent stragglers from 
leaving the fight. 

The brigade having been relieved by General Reno's brigade as I was forming 
the regiment, this hist brigade fell back in disorder. 1 endeavored to stop 
them, but finding that the enemy were almost up to my line, deployed in the 
rear ; and now being formed, having divided their cartridges equally, I saw 
that it Avas time for me to take care of my command. A part of the 8th 'New 
Jersey, Avith their colors, formed ou my left. The enemy having turned the 
left fiank of the line of battle, came out on the open field ou my left, and im- 
mediately after I received their fire from the front, Avhicli I returned, driving 
them from our immediate vicinity and then marched to join the brigade. 

Llie folloAving is a list of the casualties, Avhich are large in proportion to the 
number of men in the regiment. I entered the fight with 350 men : 

Killed. — Captain Edward A. Acton ; Lieutenant Frederick A. Brill ; Cor- 
poral John B. Clayton, company K ; Private John F. Loakersou, company K; 
Private Michael Doyle, company D. 

Wottnded. — Captain H. H. Woolsey, dangerously ; Captain John Gamble, 
slightly ; Corporal John H. Van Pelt ; Corporal James S. Flanigan, company 
G; Corporal John Polan, company H ; Privates James Bell, W. H. Flinn, 
Thomas Gibson, William Harris, and John O'Connell, company B ; Privates 
Christian Arnbriter, EdAvard Peel, William Healty, and Richard Gill, company 
C ; Pri\'ate William Chamberlain, company D ; Privates Augustus King and 
John C. Haas, company E ; Private William Frazer, company F ; Privates John 
McConnell, James Graves, William F;iirhurst, and William Norberry, company 



190 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

G ; Privates John Gasternacker, Matthew Carney, and Daniel Flanigan, com- 
pany H ; Privates James Donaldson, Thomas McBride, and Henry Rosswick, 
company K. 

Missing. — Lieutenant Ed^yard P. Berry, assistant quartermaster ; Sergeant 
Robert Evans, and Privates Emile Naugaret, Benjamin Smith, and John 
Stryker, company D ; Privates Richard Sibbitt and Jonathan Sibbitt, company 
I ; Privates John Scliomhert and John Hopple, company H. 

Recapitulation. — Commissioned officers : Killed, 2 ; wounded, 2 ; missing, 1 ; 
total, 5. Non-commissioned officers and privates : Killed, 3 ; wounded, 27 ; 
missing, 8 ; total, 38. Total commissioned officers, 5 ; non-commissioned officers 
and privates, 38 ; total — 43, 

In this engagement the officers and men of this regiment were continually 
under fire, all doing their duty nobly. Major John Ramsey and Captain Virgil 
M. Healey particularly distinguished themselves, leading in stragglers from dif- 
ferent regiments, and encouraging, by their words and example, all in their 
immediate vicinity. Captain Acton and Lieutenant Brill killed ; Captains 
Woolsey and Gamble wounded ; Lieut. Berry missing. Their condition is the 
best testimonial of their gallantry. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. J. SEWELL, 
Lieutenant Colonel 5tJi Neiv Jersey Voluritcers, Commanding Regiment. 

Le Grand Benedict, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant Gcnerol od Brigade. 



Headquarters Fifth New Jersey Volunteers, 

Camp near Alexandria, Virginia, Beptember 5, 1862. 

Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the 
regiment under my command in the battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 

This regiment, having been engaged the day previous, Avas not brought into 
action, but remained under arms, with the whole division in tlie rear of some 
batteries, until late in the afternoon, when we marched towards the left, and 
from that point to Centreville. In marching from right to left the following 
casualties occurred from the shells of the enemy: 

Wounded. — Corporal George Curtis, company C; Private John Savage, 
company B ; Private William Petersly, company I. 
Missing. — Charles Dempsey, company I. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. J. SEWELL, 
Ijieutenant Colonel 5th New Jersey Volunteers, 

Commanding Regiment. 
Le Grand Benedict, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General Zd Brigade. 



No. 61. 
REPORT OF CASUALTIES OF THE SEVENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

List of casualties in the 7th regiment New Jersey volunteers from August 
15, 1862, to September 4, 1862: 

Assistant Surgeon Charles B. Jaques was left on the battle-field taking care 
of the wounded, August 29, 1862. He has never been reported on the morning 



EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 191 

report on account of not receiving the resignation of Assistant Surgeon A. Sat- 
tcrthwartb, noAV surgeon of the 12th Ncav Jersey volunteers. 



KILLED. 

Atignst 29. — Captain Joseph Abbott and Private James Shewell, company E. 
September 1. — llichard Vanorder, (accidentally,) company C. 

William Long, died of disease, September 1st. 

WOUNDED. 

August 27. — Private Thomas Mack, company F; Privates Charles Johnson 
and Isaac Archer, company K. 

August 29. — Sergeant James H. Onslow, company F; Corporal Curtis 
Dangler, company C ; Private Martin Hahn, company A ; Privates John Mc- 
Peter and William Stevens, company C; PriA^ate Andrew Kelly, company D; 
Privates Samuel Pettit, Thomas Willravin, and Henry Engle, company E ; Pri- 
vates John Corbitt and James Bennett, company F ; Privates Patrick McEvoy 
and George Putzle, company H ; Private James Spongenburg, company 1 ; Pri- 
vate John R. Lyon, company Iv. 

MISSLXG, 

August 27. — Private Henry Angleman, company K. 

August 29. — Privates John Ryan and Patrick Corbett, company F; Privates 
John Brady, William Willis, and William Sweeney, company G. 

August 30. — Privates Thomas Finney, Patrick O'Reilly, Charles Wilson, and 
Daniel Courtin, company C ; Private Henry Myers, company I. 

Total commissioned officers killed 1 

Total commis.sioned officers wounded 1 

Total enlisted men killed 2 

Total enlisted men died of disease 1 

Total enlisted men Avounded 19 

Total enlisted men missing in action 10 

Aggregate 34 

Very respectfully, your obedient serA^aut, 

LOUIS R. FRANCINE, 

Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Regimeiit. 

A. WlTHERELL, 

1st Lieutenant company F, and Acting Adjutant. 



Xo. 62. 

CORRESPONDENCE OF GENERALS McDOWELL AND SCHURZ, 
[No. 1.] 

Washl\gton, October 6, 1862. 

Geaep.al : I notice the folloAving in your report, as published in the Phila- 
delphia Inf|uirer, of October 4th instant : 

"WHAT HE EXPECTED TO FIND. 

" Behind the ridge where I Avas to form again, and Avhich was the natural posi- 
tion of the general reserve, I expected to find an intact reserve of several 



192 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

bric-adcp, rea-cTy to pounce upon the enemy ns lie was attempting- to ascend the 
slope of the range of hills we were then occupying ; but nothing of the kind 
seemed to be there." 

"WHAT HE DID FIND. 

" I found jMajor Creneral McDowell with his staff, and around him troops of 
several didl-reut corps — and of all arms — in full retreat, &c., &c." 

As the sentence last above quoted may admit of two constructions, I beg to 
inquire if you inteiid to be understood as saying you found Major General 
McDoicdl, totli his staff, " in full retreat." I send this by an oihcer of my 
staff, who will, if you please, bring me your reply. 

I have the honor to be, general, very respectfullv, your most obedient servant, 

liiviN McDowell, 

Major General. 
Brigadier General Carl Schurz, 

Commanding 3d Division, tlr.., &c., Fairfax Court-Mouse, Virgiyiia. 



[Answer to No. 1.] 

nEADQUARTERS ThiRD DIVISION, ELEVENTH CORPS, 

Fairfax Court- House, October 7, 1SG2. 

General : Li reply to your note of yesterday, I beg leave to say that the 
language I used in my report, viz: "I found Major General McDowell with 
his staff, and around him troops of several corps, and of all arms, in full re- 
treat," was not intended to coiivey the impression that "General McDowell and 
his staff were in full retreat," for such was not the case while the troops, as 
stated in my report, were retreating. I saw you surrounded by your officers 
for about half hour, near the place where I formed my division. If my memo- 
ry serves me rightly, you went to the little flirm house south of the road, which 
was then used as a hospital, and where General Pope, at the time, was said to 
be in consultation with several generals. If the language above quoted should 
have been misinterpreted by any one, I avail myself gladly of this opportunity 
to state its real meaning. 

I am, general, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 

C. SCHURZ, 
Brigadier Geiieral, commanding od Division, 11th Corps. 

Major General McDowell, Washington. 



[No. 2.] 

Washington, Octoler S, 1S62. 

General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of 
October 7, saying the langunge used in your report was not intended to convey 
ti;e impression that Major General JMcDowell and staff were in full retreat, 
for such was not the case, &:c., &c. 

Will you p.-ivdon me for now troubling you further in relation to that part of 
your report; wliich has been the subject of our correspondence. 

The circumstances attending my meeting you; our conversation about the 
battery which 1 h.id posted near your troops; the instructions I gave it; the 
direction I took when I left you, (v/hich was not in retreat;) my remaining 
near that part of the ground till dark; my posting Gibbon's brigade on that 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 193 

ground after yours liacl retired from it to Bull Run, (wliicli brigade remained 
there two hours after dark, and then passed you whilst you were in bivouac 
near the stream,) the most of which facts could not but have been known to 
you, seemed to leave no other interpretation than the one you have since placed 
upon your report. 

Yet the impression was strong in, my mind, and strong to conviction on that 
of my friends, who did not know the facts of the case as I now give them, that 
in the picture you so clearly drew of what you saw when you ascended the 
crest, you designed that General McDowell and staff should appear as the prin- 
cipal group in a discreditable retreat. 

This, as much from Avhat yoi; did not say as from what you did say. For 
after introducing Major General McDowell, without qualifying his presence in 
any way whatever as the central figure in this retreat, you left him there as if 
you had brought him into notice for no other purpose. 

This impression was strengthened by a knowledge of your reputation as an 
able, clear-headed writer, having the full use of our language, and a precise 
knowledge of the value and force of words. 

Thus it is that you have done me — miintentionally it now seems — a wrong, 
and I leave it to your sense of justice if that wrong should not be righted — as 
far as such wrongs can be righted — by a correction by you of the impression 
you have given in the paper in which your report was published. 

I have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your most obedient 
servant, 

iRviN Mcdowell, 

Major General. 
Brigadier General Carl Schurz, 

Co7nmandivg Division, Sfc, c^r., Fairfax Court-IIouse, Virginia. 

P. S. — Permit me to correct the impression you have that I went to the little 
farm-house to join General Pope, "in consultation with several generals." If 
there was any such consultation I was and am ignorant of it. I passed by the 
little farm-house on my way to the left and front. 

J. McD , M. G. 



[Answer to No. 2.] 

Headquarters Third Division, Eleventh Corps, 

Fairfax Court-House, October 12, 1862. 
General: Your favor of October 8th reached me a few moments ago. The 
explanation I gave you in my reply to your first letter could not leave any 
doubt as to my intentions. It is my desire that if there is any such doubt it 
shall be removed. 

Before replying at length to the letter I had the honor to receive to-day, I 
shall endeavor to obtain whatever information I can about what my aids, and 
brigade, and regimental commanders saw concerning the fac's in question. I 
shall write as soon as possible, Avith the understanding that my letters are your 
property, to be used as you may deem best. IMeanwhile I beg leave to offer 
you the assurance that I now, as I have done hitherto on all occasions, shall 
use my best efforts to make the truth known, and correct error, especially if an 
erroneous impression should have sprung from any public expi-ession of mine. 
I have the honor to remain, general, respectfully yours, 

'C. SCHURZ, 

Brigadier General. 
Major General McDowell, Washington. 

H.Ex. Doc. 81 13 



194 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

[No. 3.] 

WashiiXGTon, October 16, 1S62. 

General: To judge from your letter of the 12tli. instant, I fear I have been 
unfortunate in not making myself imdergtood in my last letter. 

Its object was not to trouble you and your subordinate commanders with an 
inquiry into any act of mine or any act of any other commander on the occa- 
sion in question. So far as I am concerned, I trust that subject will soon be 
disposed of by a legal court. 

In your report you had expressed yourself concerning me in a way admit- 
ting two constructions. The object of my first communication was to ascer- 
tain which of the tAvo was intended. Your answer on that point was satis- 
factory. The object of my last Avas an appeal to your sense qf justice, to do to 
the public, through the newspaper in which your report was published, what you 
had done to me, that is, correct the impression to my prejudice, which the ambi- 
guity of your report inevitably produced. I did not and do not noAv wish to go 
into any neAV discussion, and tax your time and patience by extending our cor- 
respondence beyond the simple point I have herein stated. 

1 have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your most obedient 
servant, 

I. McDowell, 

Major General. 
Brigadier General Carl Schurz, 

Co77ima7iding Division, S^., S^v., Fairfax Court-House, Virginia. 



[Answer to No. 3.J 

Headquarters Third Division, Eleventh Corps, 

Fairfax Court-House, October 20, 1862. 
General: Your favor of the 17th instant has just reached me. You must 
pardon me for having delayed my ansAver to your letter of the 8th so long. I 
wanted to be positively assured of the correctness of certain impressions before 
Avriting. You are certainly right in demanding that the explanation of my re- 
port I gave you in private should be published. To this I have not the slightest 
objection, and I think I have already assured you of my willingness to do so; 
but I must confess I should never have thought that the passage in my report 
to which you have directed my attention could have been misinterpreted had. 
not your first letter convinced me of the fact; nor have I to this very moment 
received any intimation to that effect from any other quarter. It Avould, there- 
fore, seem entirely proper that my explanation should be published in connexion 
with your letter calling for it, and the correspondence to which it gave rise. If 
this meets your vicAvs, you AA'ill oblige me by sending me copies of the tAvo let- 
ters I addressed to you, so that I may forward the Avholc to the New York 
Tribune, or you Avill perhaps liaA^e the kindness to send them there directly, if 
this should seem con\'enient to you. Before closing our correspondence, hoAV- 
cver, yoii Avill permit me to make a foAv remarks about a passage occurring in 
your letter of the 8tli instant. You speak of circumstances attending my meet- 
ing you, our couA^ersation about the battery you had posted near my troops, 
the instructions you gave it, the direction you took Avhen you left me, (Avhich 
was not in retreat,) your remaining near that part of the ground till dark, your 
posting Gibbon's brigade on that ground after my troops had retired from it to 
Bull Run, (which brigade remained there two hours after dark, and then passed 
us Avhile Ave Avere in bivouac near the stream,) most of which could not but have 



EEPOKT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 195 

been known to me. I am obliged to say that some of these tbings were un- 
known to me, and are somewbat in conflict witb my impression. In my note of 
the 7th instant I stated ah-eady that I bad seen yon near the spot where I had 
met you for about half an hour, and then you went towards the farm-house on 
the left. From that moment I did not see you again, but it was reported to me 
by two of my aids, whom I had sent across Young's Branch to bring up two 
of my regiments, that about dusk they had seen you crossing the bridge at the 
head of your staff; some of your officers crying out to the retreating soldiers, 
who obstructed the road, " Make room for the general ! " The colonel who com- 
mands my second brigade reported to me the same thing. As to Gibbon's 
brigade, I saw that myself, about nightfall, occupying the ground where my 1st 
and part of my 2d brigade had been. But from that place my troops had not 
"retired to Bull Run," as you suppose, but marched to the left and front, where 
the battle was still going on. There they remained a considerable time; 
it was long after dark, and the firing had ceased for a long while, v/hen I with- 
drew them, by order of General Sigel. My 1st brigade formed the rear guard 
of General Sigel's corps, and there were no troops near us when we marched 
across Young's Branch and took position between it and Bull Run. So it would 
seem that Gibbon had either left the ground, or at least changed position, before 
my 1st brigade passed the creek. Colonel Schimmepcnning, commander of the 
brigade, rode in the rear of the column and reported to me that before passing- 
Young's Branch he had seen General Sykes, M'ho had informed him that he 
(General Sykes) Avas to form the rear-guard of the army, that all the troops had 
left that part of the field, and that our column had to pass Young's Branch 
before him. Then, as you know, we bivouacked between Young's Branch and 
Bull Run for over two hours, and General Sykes passed us there. From all 
this I conclude that the statement, that you bad posted Gibbon's brigade on 
that ground after my troops bad retired from it to Bull Run, "rests on a mis- 
take." These are the impressions 1 received from my personal observation and 
the reports of my officers. 

Hoping that you will consider my explanation, and the manner in which, iu 
my humble opinion, they ought to be brought before the public, satisfactory, 
I remain, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 

C. SCHURZ, Brigadier General. 

Major General McDowell, 

WasJiington. 



No. 63. 

APPENDIX "A" TO GENERAL McDOAVELL'S REPORT. 

Warrenton, Tuesday, August 26, 1862 — 1.45 a. m. 
I went on top Water Mountain yesterday afternoon, to see if anything could 
be seen of the enemy. The only indications I saw were bis camp smokes ; 
these extended from Sulphur Springs, back beyond Jefferson, and from Sulphur 
Springs up the river beyond Waterloo. I will direct Ricketts's division up the 
river at Sulphur Springs ; but as the ground opposite the ford at this place is a 
low flat, extending back from the river nearly a half a mile, and closed by an 
amuhitbeatre of hills, I Avill, if the enemy be there in force, endeavor to oc- 
cupy him by Ricketts's division while I pass King's over the river below, at the 
fords at Fant's or Fox's Mills. I will endeavor, as these lower fords may not 
be good, to get hold of part of Sigel's bridge trains, so as to make the passage 
as free as possible. Part of General Sigel's force, under previous orders, is 



196 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

passing tlirougli the town at tliis moment. The general himself has not come 
in ; my aide-cle-camp is searching for him in the front, with his orders. 

iRviN McDowell. 

Major General Pope, 

Warrenton Junction. 



Wakrenton, August 26, 1862 — 5.30 a. m. 

Your orders to General Sigel to force the passage of Hedgeman's river was 
given to him by Captain Haven a little after 2 o'clock this morning, while he 
was on the march from Waterloo to Warrenton. Will the failure to attack 
Hedgeman's river cause any modifications in the instructions to me? My 
divisions are on the march, as ordered. 

iRViN McDowell. 

Major General Pope. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 5 a. m. 

Please ascertain in some way whether the enemy be really in force at Water- 
loo Bridge. Sigel insists that he is, while Banks, who was there late yesterday 
afternoon, asserts positively that there was no enemy during the day there. 
You will easily see how important it is for us to know positively what has be- 
come of the enemy's force which was in front, and where the column has gone 
which took yesterday the road towards Salem. Please use every means possible 
to ascertain this at once. Reno will cross at Rappahannock Station and push 
forward a reconnoissance to Culpeper. Nothing is expected from Sigel. I 
wish you would send me a regiment of cavalry. I have not a mounted man 
here. Send one of Buford's or Bayard's. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commnndhg. 

General McDowell. 



August 26, 1862. 

I have just received your telegram of 5 o'clock a. m., directing me to ascer- 
tain in some way or another whether the enemy be really in force at Waterloo 
Bridge. My corps, as ordered, is on the march to Sulphur Springs, and I start 
in a few moments myself. When I get there I will endeavor to ascertain 
what yoix wish. 

IRVIN McDowell. 

Major General Pope. 



Warrenton, August 26, 1862. 
1 have just received your telegram, 8.10 o'clock a. m., informing me of the 
inability of Reno and Sigel to make the reconnoissances ordered at Rappahan- 
nock and Waterloo, and leaving it discretionary with me, under the circum- 
stances, to make the reconnoissance by my whole corps at Sulphur Springs, but 
saying it will certainly be well for me to ascertain what there is in the direction 
of Waterloo Bridge and further to my right, and authorizing me to assume com- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 197 

mand of Genei'al Sigcl's corps, &c. Before receiving this I had, under instruc- 
tions of last nig-ht, concentrated all my command on the Sulphur Springs road 
to make the movement ordered at that place. General Sigcl, returning from the 
position of Waterloo, leaves the road from that place to Warrentou hut feebly held 
by a regiment of infantry from Reynolds, and one of cavalry from Buford. The 
country from Sulphur Springs, and up to and beyond Waterloo, is covered -with 
the dust of a large moving mass. The head of my column has reached Sulphur 
Springs, and a brisk cannonading is now going on. I have sent out to learn 
v/here General Sigel's troops are. They Avere, it seems, passing through tov/^n 
all last night. Buford and Bayard both report their cavalry as broken down. 
The former says his is disorganized, the latter, that his will neither charge nor 
stand a charge. I had, under the discretion you gave me, decided not to throw 
my whole corps on to Sulphur Springs, but to place it substantially in the po- 
sition indicated in general orders, and to push as strong a force as I can spare 
towards Waterloo ; and if I can gather a force of cavalry that can perform any 
service, to endeavor to feel the enemy's right. If it is possible forage should be 
sent forward, as all our artillery and trains as Avell as cavalry will go. My men 
have two days' rations in their haversacks, and being on the march they cannot 
cook the three days' you desire. General Banks, I am told, is at Bealton. Sigel, 
I just learn, is at Warren Green hotel, by an ofHcer just from General King. I'ir- 
ing is maintained by the enemy at Sulphur Springs from two four-gun batteries. 

iiiviN Mcdowell. 

Major General Pope. 



Warrento.x, August 2(3, 1862. 

I beg to inquire if it is known at army headquarters where the pontoon train 
of General Sigel is ; and if so, to be informed thereof. 

iRViN McDowell, 

Major General. 
Major General Pope, Warrent07i Junction. 



Warrenton, Avgust 26, 1863. 

General Ricketts having reported his division within two miles of Sulphur 
Springs, just in rear of King's, and having been on the march since early this 
morning from crossing over from the Waterloo road, I have, to save time, and 
to distribute the fatigue of marching, ordered General Reynolds's division to the 
Waterloo road, and Ricketts's to fall back in reserve. I have instructed King 
to avoid useless cannonading at Sulphur Springs. It will take till late this p. 
m. to get the troops into position on Waterloo road. I have written to General 
Sigel for a statement of the position and strength of his force, particularly his 
cavalry, and have sent to find General Milroy, but have not yet heard from 
either. Cannonading still continues at Sulphur Springs. I told King to with- 
draw his division out of his range. 

iRvm McDowell, 

Major General. 
Major General Pope, Warrcnton Junction. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862. 
General King reports he has received a flag of truce from General Anderson 
to return a Avomau dressed in man's clothes, captured by them this morning. I 



198 KEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

report the circiimstance as it is the first information I have of the presence of 
this division in our immediate front. I understand Anderson to have Huger's 
former division. This division, so far as I have learned, was the last of those 
now before us to leave Richmond, and was at Louisa Court-IIouse when Long- 
street was at Raccoon Ford. If I am right in these suppositions, it seems to 
strengthen the impression that I have, that the enemy's extreme right rests at 
Sulphur Springs. I draw another inference from this flag of truce, that there is 
at least a division at Sulphur Springs. It is true, these are mere inferences, and 
I only give them as such, for other divisions than those we have heretofore 
heard of may have left Richmond since our last information. 

iRviN McDowell, 

Major General Comvianding. 
Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



Warrenton, August 26, 1862 — 3.20 p. m. 

GeneiTil Sigel's bridge train has arrived. I think it may be useful. General 
Milroy burnt the bridge at Waterloo before he retired from that place last night, 
and Buford says the fords near Waterloo are bad. I have directed the availa- 
ble force of Sigel's cavalry, with the section of his artillery, to report to General 
Buford this afternoon, on the Waterloo road, with three days' cooked rations. 
I have directed Buford to march at dawn to-morrow towards Chester Gaj), to 
ascertain what direction the enemy have taken on our right, whether to Rectors- 
town or Front Royal, through Chester Gap. He will either take the Carter 
Church road up the left bank of Carter run, or the road direct from this place 
to Chester Gap, as inquiries to be made this p. m. shall determine. However 
persons may have diftcred as to the force at Waterloo, Sulphur Springs, or else- 
where, all agree in one thing, the movement of the enemy to our right from 
Rappahanock to Waterloo — battalions, trains, and batteries, all have the same 
direction. The force of the enemy how seems to be above Sulphur Springs. 
In addition to Sigel's corps, now here, I beg to suggest that Hooker and Kearny 
be marched at once in this direction, instead of in the direction of Rappa- 
hannock Station, for Avhether we attack them or they attack us the contest 
must come off, it seems to me, as things now stand, above rather than below 
Sulphur Springs. If they could make a march this p. m. towards Sulphur 
Springs or Waterloo Bridge it would be a movement, I think, in the right 
direction. What is the enemy's purpose it is not easy to discover. I have 
thought he means to march around our right through Rectorstown to Washing- 
ton ; others, that he intended going doAvn the Shenandoah, either through Chester 
or Thornton Gap. Either of these operations seems to me to be too hazardous 
for him to undertake with us in his rear and flank. Others, that it Avas his ob- 
ject to throw his trains around into the valley to draw liis supplies from that 
direction and have his front looking to the east rather than to the north. It is 
also thought that whilst a portion of his force has marched up the immediate 
right bank of the Rappahannock, a large portion has gone through Oulpeper, up 
the Sperryvillc road. No doubt these various suppositions may have occurred 
to you, but I have thought it not inappropriate to recapitulate them here with 
reference to the concentration of forces in this direction, which I have herein 
suggested. Cannonading still coutimxes about the same. I have ordered Buford 
to send you a cavalry regiment. I cannot get hold of Bayard. 

IRVIN McDowell, 

Major General Comvianding. 
JIajor General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 199 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 3.15/». m. 

Cox is not here, and will not be here to-night. What information have you 
received since your last telegram that makes his presence necessary with you ? 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDowell. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 1 p. vi. 
Reno marches with his whole force at daylight to-moirow morning, and will 
take post two miles and a half this side of Warrenton, his left on the railroad. 
He is directed to report to you upon his arrival and to hold himself in readiness 
to support you in case you need it. Cox will be pushed forward as soon as his 
troops arrive here, probably by to-morrow noon. Banks is at Fayetteville and 
will respond to any call you may make on him. Sturgis will also be pushed 
forAvard as soon as troops arrive, I hope to-morrow in the afternoon. Heintzel- 
man's corps, not yet fully arrived, I must keep here till I hear what has become 
of the column moving toAvards Salem. Sent a cavalry regiment from Manassas 
to scout along the Manassas Gap railroad, as far at least as Thoroughfare Gap. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDowell. 

P. S. — I have just received intelligence of the arrival of Fitz-John Porter 
v/ith the regulars at Bealton. 

J. P. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — S.50^>. m. 

Fitz- John Porter, Avitli Sykes's and Morell's divisions, will be within tAvo and 
a half miles of Warrenton, on the Fayetteville road, to-morroAV night. See if 
you cannot have the cross roads repaired, so that he can get from his position 
into the Sulphur Springs road, Avith his artillery, if he should be needed. I 
will use all el^'orts to have Sturgis and Cox Avithin three miles of you to-morroAV 
night, and have requested General Halleck to push forAvard Franklin at once, 
carrying his baggage and supplies by railroad to this point, Avhere the Manassas 
Gap railroad intersects the AVarrenton turnpike. From that position he can 
either advance to your support or prevent your right from being turned from 
the direction of the Manassas Gap railroad. I think our fight should be made 
at Warrenton, and if you can postpone it for two days everything will be right. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

General McDowell. 



Headquarters 3d Army Corps, 

Warrenton, August 26, 1862 — 9 p. m. 

An intelligent negro has just come in to Crcneral Buford from White Plains 
and reports the advance of the enemy's column at that place. He says he saAv 
himself at White Plains to-day at 12 o'clock tAVO batteries of artillery, tAvo 
regiments of cavalry and four regiments of infantry, and that they Avere march- 



200 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

iug ill the clirc'ction of Thorougliftu-e Gap. The man's report is evidently to be 
relied upon, and General Buford says his statements are confirmed by his scouts, 
■who report large trains passing up through Orleans to White Plains. 

I. McDowell, Major General. 
General Pope, Warrc?ito/i Junction. 



Warrem'on, August 26 — 10/^. m. 

One of Sigel's scouts reports that since daylight till 4 o'clock this evening 
there has been a continuous line of troops, although cavalry chiefly, passing- 
forward to "\^']iite Plains, where they are encamped now — Generals Jackson, 
Long-street and A. P. Hill, and Stuart's cavalry. This man has the same story 
as to the names of the generals who are passing towards Thoroughfare. If you 
fear any attack in force by the enemy's coming- through Thoroughfare Gap, 
and you should not get your force in time at Gainesville, I wish to remark that 
Centreville and Manassas are fortified, the former sufiiciently so to offer a stout 
resistance, and the latter enough to aid materially raw troops. If the enemy 
are playing their game on us, and we can keej) down the panic which their 
appearance is likely to create in Washington, it seems to me the advantage of 
position must all be on our side. I trust sufficient food and ammunition and 
forage may get through by to-morrow. We have wasted a good deal, of artil- 
lery ammunition. 

lEViN McDowell. 

Major General Pope, 

Warrenton Junction. 



Warrenton Junction, August 2G, 1862. 

As soon as Reno gets near Warrenton direct his march upon Greenwich, at 
which place he will take post, throwing forward four regiments of infiintry and 
a battery to Gainesville. One mile in his rear, on the road from Weaversville 
to Greenwich, Kearny's division will take post to support him. In case the 
enemy advances this side of Thoroughfare Gap, Reno must attack and beat 
him. Kearny will support him. Keep your men well in hand, so that if 
necessary you can break up at Warrenton and march also on Thoroughfare on 
west side. Your trains, if you move, must take the turnpike. Send and notify 
Banks, if you move any part of your forces, that he may come up nearer to 
Warrenton. Eitz-Johu Porter will be near you to-morrow night. Your cav- 
alry, or the most of it, should be well on your right or rear. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Gomviandmg. 

Major General McDowell. " 



Headquarters Armv of Virginia, 
Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 12 midniglit. 

General Sigel reports the enemy's rear-guard at Orlean to-night, with his 
main force encara])ed at White Plains. You Avill please ascertain very early in 
the morning whether this is so, and have the whole of your command in readi- 
ness to inarch. Y"ou had best ascertain it to-night. Communication has been 
interrupted by the enemy's cavalry near Manassas. Whether his whole force 



REPORT OF MxUOR GENERAL POPE. 201 

or tlie largest part of it, has gone round is a question wliich Ave must settle in- 
stantly, and no part of his force must march opposite to us to-night without our 
knowing it. I telegraphed you an hour or two ago what disposition you had 
made, supposing the advance through Thoroughfare Gap to be a column of not 
more than 10,000 or 15,000 men. If his whole force, or the largest part of it, 
has gone, we must know it at once. The troops here have no artillery, and if 
the main force of the enemy are still opposite to you, you must send forward to 
Greenwich, to he there to-morrow evening, two batteries of artillery, and three 
if you can get them, to meet Kearny. We must know at a very early hour 
in the morning, so as to determine our plans. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDowp:ll. 



Headquarters 3d Army Corps, 
Army of Virginia, Angust 21 , 1862 — 4.30 a.vi. 

Your telegram of 12 midnight is only just received. I Avill endeavor to have 
Buford ascertain as soon as he can, and as for as he can, the extent of the ene- 
my's movement towards White Plains. I saw General Sigel late last night 
and his scouts, and did not learn that the general had any other information 
than I gave you in my telegram of ten o'clock p. m., and he was not aware of 
the negro's statement which I sent you at nine o'clock p. m. Your telegram of 
eleven p. m. last night was received. My corps is at present posted as follows : 
King's division on Sulphur Springs road, one brigade near springs, Ricketts's on 
Waterloo road about four miles from town, Eeynolds's inside and between the 
others. 

iRviN Mcdowell. 

General Pope. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Ai/gust 26, 1862—5.30 a. m. 
T have just heard from Fitz- John Porter. He has neither wagons nor pro- 
visions, and oidy forty rounds of ammunition jier man. The troops here have 
no wagons, and are very scarce of provisions. The railroad is interrupted be- 
tween here and Manassas, and will require a strong force to repair it and keep 
it open. Meantime we shall suffer for everything. It therefore appears to me 
that we had best move, 'with our whole force, to occupy Gainesville, so as to 
secure our communication with Alexandria. It does not seem to me possible 
to hold a position so far to the front as Warrenton, while so heavy a column of 
the enemy is so near to our concentration — much in front of Manassas. Give 
me your views iminediately on the subject, for we must act promptly in some 
way. At all events, all wagons not needed for ammunition must he got ready 
for an immediate movement to the rear. Let me hear from you at once. 

JXO. POPE, 
Major General Co7nniandi'ng. 
General McDowell. 

(No record of General McD.'s answer to this.) 



202 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Warrenton Junction, 

Atigust 27, 1862—8.30 a. m. 

Execute tlie movement you suggest ; but you must be careful not to let the 
enemy know it until the last moment. Send the trains by this way, and call 
Banks to you. If the movement could be made by dark it would be better. I 
will open the road, and join you as soon as I can. I do not know that it will 
be safe to wait, but you can tell better than I, as your scouts and lookouts can 
see the movements of the enemy. Order Banks to send his train off immedi- 
ately, and also the trains you have. We must get to Gainesville to-night. 

JNO. POPE, 



Major General McDowell. 



Major General Cojnynanding. 



"Warrenton, Virginia, 

August 27, 1862—8.45. 

I have just received your telegram of 8.30 a. m. I have ordered Sigel to 
send immediately a strong advance from his corps to seize the position of Buck- 
land Mills, or Broad Run, and follow immediately with his corps. Can you 
spare time to come to the instrument and have a conversation with me ? 

iRviN McDowell, 

Major General. 
■ Major General Pope. 



Warrenton, and Warrenton Junction, 

August 27, 1862. 

I will be in the telegraph office here the greater part of the day. 

POPE. 
McD. 

Please let me know when the last of the wagons coming this way leave 
Warrenton. 

POPE. 

You had best load all the cars at Warrenton, and send back all the surplus 
stores fast as possible. 

POPE. 

Reply. — I have given such orders. 

I. McD. 



Question. Has Reno marched to this place, or has his order been modified ? 

Answer. He is marching to GreenAvich. 

Question. Does Kearny follow him ? 

Answer. Yes, he will follow him ; also Porter's corps are on the road. 

Question. Has either Porter or Kearny any artillery ? 

Answer. Kearny has one battery. I presume Porter has all his artillery. 

Question. I have ordered Sigel, Avho has a superabundance of artillery for 



REPORT OF jMAJOR GENERAL POPE. ZUd 

his infautiy, to detacli two batteries for Kearny, and will try and liave tliera 
join him to-night. What division of force will yovi leave at Warrcnton Junc- 
tion till the baggage-wagons shall have passed? 

Answer. I cannot tell yet, but one division I will leave. You need not send 
the three batteries till I communicate with you further. I fear they may be 
in some danger. Have all the stores you do not need loaded into the cars and 
sent do-wn here immediately. The enemy has burned a bridge over Cedar Run. 
Our left wing, therefore, rests at that place until we can have the bridge re- 
paired. Hurry np the wagons with all speed to this place. 

POPE. 

Send me an officer, if you have him, who knows the country between Catlett's 
Station and Gainesviile. 

Question. Had not Banks better retire by way of Warrcnton Junction, pre- 
ceded by his trains 1 

Answer. He can do so, but please send him the order from Warrcnton, as he 
is nearer to you, and I have got no cavalry. 

POPE. 

Reynolds reports from Sulphur Springs that the indications are that the 
enemy has left that place. Sigel's advance is on march for Buckland Mills, 
I am anxious he should get that point, as it is of importance. Sigel thinks the 
enemy has passed Salem. I do not think he can yet have done it. I have this 
instant received the following from the signal officer on Watery Mountain : 

"No sign of enemy at Jefterson; his wagons have left there. A wagon 
train and a line of troops northwest of this mountain moving towards Chester 
Gap." 

Question. What became of that regiment of cavalry I directed you to send 
me yestcrda}^ ? 

POPE. 

Answer. I ordered you one from Buford, because I could not get hold of 
Bayard. Not having heard whether he has done so, I have this morning, to 
make sure, ordered Bayard to send you the Maine regiment, and it marches 
immediately. This may result in your having two regiments. 

I. McD. 

Question. Have you sent the orders to Banks that I requested you to send? 
Answer. Yes; to move upon Catlett's, preceded by his train. 

I. McD. 

Warrenton Junction — 1.45^. di., 

August 27, 1862. 

Reno has his instructions, and is ahead of the wagon train. 

JOHN POPE, Major General Co)n7nanding. 
General McDowell. 

Warrenton Junction — 5 p.m., 

August 27, 1862. 

I am just leaving for Bristow Station. The enemy retired from the railroad 
before Hooker's advance, having burned no bridges and done no damage that 
cannot be speedily repaired. Reno will reach Greenwich to-night. Heintzelman 
follows after him. Porter, with his whole corps, moves behind Heintzelman. 
My headquarters to-night will be with Heintzelman. 

JOHN POPE. 

Major General McDowell. 



204 KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

No. 64. 

APPENDIX "A" TO GENERAL POPE'S REPORT. 

Warrenton — 1.45 a. m., 

Tuesday, August 26, 1862. 

I went on top Water jMonntain yesterday afternoon to see if anything could 
be seen of the enemy. The only indications I saw were his camp smokes. 
These extended from Sulphur Springs back beyond Jefferson, and from Sulphur 
Springs up the v'wqv beyond Waterloo. I will direct Ricketts's division ujj the 
river at Sulphur Springs, but as the ground opposite the ford at this place is a 
low flat extending back from the river nearly half a mile, and closed by an 
amphitheatre of hills, I will, if the enemy be there in force, endeavor to occupy 
him by Ricketts's division while I pass King's over the river below, at the fords 
at Pant's or Fox's Mills. I will endeavor, as these lower fords may not be 
good, to get hold of part of Sigel's bridge trains, so as to make the passage 
free as possible. Part of General Sigel's force, under pi-evious orders, is passing 
through the town at this moment. The general himself has not come in. My 
aide-de-camp is searching for him in the front \A\h. his orders. 

iRViN McDowell. 

Major General Pope, 

Warrenion Junction. 



Warrenton — 5i a. m., 

August 26, 1862. 

Your orders to General Sigel to force the passage of Hedgeman's river was 
given to him by Captain PLiven a little after two o'clock this morning, while he 
Avas on the march from Waterloo to AVarreuton. Will the failure to attack 
Hedgeman's river cause any modification in the instruction to me. My divisions 
are on the march, as ordered. 

IRVIN McDowell. 

Major General Pope. 



Warrenton — 5 a. m., 

August 26, 1862. 

Please ascertain in some way whether the enemy be really in force at Waterloo 
Bridge. Sigel insists that he is, while Banks, who Avas there late yesterday 
afternoon, asserts positi\x'ly that there was no enemy during the day there. 
You Avill easily see how important it is for us to knoAv positively what has be- 
come of the enemy's force Avhich Avas in front, and Avhere the column has gone 
Avhich took yesterday the road tOAvards Salem. Please use every means possi- 
ble to Ascertain this at once. Reno Avill cross at Rappahanock Station, and 
push forward a reconnoissance to Culpeper. Nothing is expected from Sigel. 
I Avish you Avould send me a regiment of cavalry. I have not a mounted man 
here. Send me one of Buford's or Bayard's. 

JOHN POPE, Major General Commanding. 

General McDowell. 



EErORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 20-' 



August 26, 1862. 
I have just received your telegram of 5 o'clock a. m., directing me to ascer- 
tain, in some way or another, whether the enemy be really in force at Waterloo 
bridge. My corps, as ordered, is on the march to Sulphur Springs, and I start 
in a few moments myself. When I get there I Avill endeavor to ascertain what 
you wish. 

iRviN McDowell. 

Major General Pope. 



August 26, 1862. 

I have just received your telegram of 8.10 o'clock a. m., informing me of the 
inability of Reno and Sigcl to make the reconnoissances at Rappahannock and 
Waterloo, and leaving it discretionary with me, under these circumstances, to 
make the reconnoissance by my whole corps at Sulphur Springs, but saying it 
will certainly be well for me to ascertain what there is in the direction of Waterloo 
Bridge, and further to my right, and authorizing me to assume command of 
General Sigel's corps, &c. Before receiving this I had, mider instructions of 
last night, concentrated all my command on the Sulphur Springs road to make 
the movement ordered at that place. General Sigel returning from the position 
of Waterloo, leaves the road from that place to Warrenton but feebly held by a 
regiment of infantry from Reynolds and one of cavalry from Buford. The 
country between Sulphur Springs and up to and beyond Waterloo is covered 
Avith the dust of a large moving mass. The head of my column has reached 
Sulphur Springs, and a brisk cannonading is now goiug on. 1 have sent out to 
learn where General Sigel's troops are. They were, it seems, passing through 
town all last night. Buford and Bayard both report their cavalry as broken 
down. The former says his is disorganized; the latter that his Avill neither 
charge nor stand a charge. I had, under the discretion you gave me, decided 
not to throw my whole corps on to Sulphur Springs, but to place it substantially 
in the position indicated in general orders, and push as strong a foi'ce as I can 
spare towards Waterloo, and if I can gather a force of cavalry that can perform 
any service, to endeavor to feel the enemy's right, if it is possible. Forage 
should be sent forAvard, as all our artillery and trains, as well as cavalry, Avill go. 
My men haA^e two days' rations in their haversacks, and being on the march, 
they cannot cook the three days' you desire. General Banks, I am told, is at 
Bealton. Sigel, I just learn, is at Warren Green hotel, by an officer just from 
General King. Firing is maintained by the enemy at Sulphur Springs from 
tAvo four-gun batteries. 

IRVIN Mcdowell. 

Major General Pope. 



Warrenton, August 26, 1862. 

I beg to inquire if it is known at army headquarters Avhere the pontoon train 
of General Sigel is ; and if so, to be informed thereof 

IRVIN Mcdowell, Major General 
Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



206 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



■\Yarke\toi\, August 26, 1SG2. 

General: Ricketts having reported his division within two miles of Sulphur 
Springs, just in rear of King's, and having been on the march since early this 
morning, from crossing over from the Waterloo road, I have, to save time and 
to distribute the fatigue of marching, ordered General Reynolds's division to the 
Waterloo road and Ivicketts to fall back in reserve. I have instructed King to 
avoid useless cannonading at Sulphur Springs. It will take until late this p. m. 
to get the troops into position on Waterloo road. I have written to General 
Sigel for a statement of the position and strength of his force, particularly his 
cavalry, and have sent to find General ^lilroy, but have not yet heard from 
either. Cannonading still continues at Sulphur Springs. I told King to with- 
draw his division out of his range. 

IRVIN McDowell, Major General. 

Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



Warrenton, August 26, 1862. 

General King reports that he has received a flag of truce from General An" 
derson to retvirn a woman dressed in man's clothes, captured by them this morn- 
ing. I report the circumstance as it is the first information that I have of the 
presence of this division in our immediate front. I understand Anderson to 
have Huger's former division. This division, so far as 1 have learned, was the 
last of those now before us to leave Richmond, and was at Louisa Court-House 
when Longstreet was at Raccoon Ford. If I am right in these suppositions, it 
seems to strengthen the impression I have that the enemy's extreme right rests 
at Sulphur Springs, I draw another inference from this flag of truce, that there 
is at least a division at Sulphur Springs. It is true these are mere inferences, 
and I only give them as such. For other divisions than those we have hereto- 
fore heard of may have left Richmond since our last information. 

iRviN McDowell, 

Major General Comvianding. 
Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



Warrem'ON, Avgicst 2(j, 1S62 — 3.20 j). 7n. 

General Sigel's bridge train has arrived. I think it may be useful. General 
Milroy burnt the bridge at Waterloo before he retired from that place last night, 
and Buford says the fords near Waterloo are bad. I have directed the available 
force of Sigel's cavalry, with a section of his artillery, to report to General Bu- 
ford this afternoon, on the Waterloo road, with three days' cooked rations. I 
have directed Buford to mai'ch at dawn to-morrow towards Chester Gap to 
ascertain what direction the enemy have taken on our right ; whether to Rec- 
torstown or Front Royal, through Chester Gap. He will either take the Carter 
Chm-ch road, up the left bank of Carter Run, or tlic road direct from this place 
to Chester Gap, as inquiries to be made this p. m. shall determine. How- 
ever persons may have differed as to the force at Waterloo, Sulphur Springs, 
or elsewhere, all agree in one thing, the movement of the enemy to our right 
from Rappahannock to Waterloo, battalions, trains, and batteries all have the 
same direction. The force of the enemy now seems to be above Sulphur Springs. 
In addition to Sigel's corps, now here, I beg to suggest that Hooker and Kearny 
be marched at once in this direction instead of in the direction of Rappa- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE 207 

liannock Station ; for whetlier we attack them or tliey attack us, tlie contest 
must come off, it seems to me, as things now stand, above rather than below 
Sulphur Springs. If they could make a march this p. m. towards either 
Sulphur Springs or Waterloo Bridge it would be a movement, I think, in the 
right direction. What is the enemy's purpose it is not easy .to discover; I have 
thought he means to march around our right, through RectorstOAvn to Wash- 
ington ; others, that he intended going down the Shenandoah, either through 
Chester or Thornton Gaps ; either of these operations seems to me too hazard- 
ous for him to undertake, with us in his rear and fljink ; others, that it Avas his 
object to thi'ow his trains around into the valley, to draw his supplies from 
that direction and have his front looking to the east rather than to the north. 
It is also thought that whilst a portion of his force has marched up the imme- 
diate right bank of the Rappahannock, a larger portion has gone through Cul- 
peper, up the Sperryville road. No doubt these varioiTS suppositions may 
have occurred to you, but I have thought it not inappropriate to recapitulate 
them here, with reference to the concentration of forces in this direction which 
I have herein suggested. Cannonading at Sulphur Springs still continues 
about the same. I have ordered Buford to send you a cavalry regiment. I 
can't get hold of Bayard. 

iRviN McDowell. 

Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



Headquarters Third Army Corps, 

Warrenton, August 26, 1862 — 9 p. m. 

An intelligent negro has just come in to General Buford from White Plains, 
and reports the advance of the enemy's column at that place. He says he saw 
himself, at White Plains to-day at twelve o'clock, two batteries of artillery, two 
regiments cavalry, and four regiments infantry, and that they wei'e marching in 
the direction of Thoroughfare Gap. The man's report is evidently to be relied 
upon, and Geiaeral Buford says his statements are conlii-med by his scouts, who 
report large trains passing up through Orleans to White Plains. 

I. McDowell, Major General. 

Major General Pope, fi arrcnton Junction. 



Warrenton, August 26 — 10 77. m. 

One of Sigel's scouts reports that since daylight till four o'clock this evening 
there has been a continuous line of troops, although cavalry chiefly, passing 
forward to White Plains, where they are encamped now — Generals Jackson, 
Longstreet, and A. P. Hill, and Stuart's cavalry. This man has the same story 
as to the names of the generals who are passing towards Thoroughfare. If you 
fear any attack in force by the enemy's coming through Thoroughfare Gap, and 
you should not get your force in time at Gainesville, I wish to remark that 
Centreville and Manassas are fortified — the former sufficiently so to offer a stout 
resistance, and the latter enough to aid materially raw troops. If the enemy are 
playing their game on us, and we can keep down the panic which their appear- 
ance is likely to create in AVashington, it seems to me the advantage of position 
must be all on our side. I trust sufficient food and ammunition and forage may 
get through by to-morroAV. We have wasted a good deal of artillery ammuni- 
tion. 

IRVIN McDowell. 

Major General Pope, Warrenton Junction. 



208 REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POrE. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26„ 1862. 

As soon as Reno gets near Warrenton, direct his march upon Greenwich, at 
which place he will take post, throwing forward four regiments of infantry and 
a battery to Gainesville. On mile in his rear, on the road from Weaversville 
to Greenwich, Kearny's division will take post to support him. In case the 
enemy advances this side of Thoroughfare Gap, Reno must attack and beat him. 
Kearny will support him. Keep your men well in hand, so that if necessary 
you can break up at Warrenton and march also on Thoroughfare on west side. 
Your trains, if you move, must take the turnpike. Send and notify Banks if 
ybu move any part of your forces, that he may come up nearer to Warrenton. 
Fitz-John Porter will be near you to-morrow night. Your cavalry, or the most 
of it, should be well on your right or rear. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

Major General McDowell. 

P. S. — I have just received intelligence of the arrival of Fitz-John Porter, M'ith 
\h(i regulars, at Bealton. 

J. P. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 8.50 ^;». m. 

Fitz-John Porter, with Sykes's and Morell's divisions, will be within two 
and a half miles of Warrenton, on the Fayetteville road, to-morrow night. See 
if you cannot have the cross-roads repaired, so he can get from his position into 
the Sulphur Springs road with his artillery, if he should be needed. I will use 
all efforts to have Sturgis and Cox within three miles of you to-morrow night, 
and have req^uested General Halleck to push forward Franklin at once, carrying 
his baggage and supplies by railroad to this point, where the Manassas Gap 
railroad intersects the Wan-entou turnpike. From that position he can either 
advance to your support or prevent your right from being turned from the direc- 
tion of the Manassas Gap railroad. I tliink our fight should be made at War- 
renton, and if you can postpone it for two days everything will be right 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

General McDowell. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 3.15 p. m. 

Cox is not here, and will not be here before to-night. What information have 
you received, since your last telegram, that makes his presence necessary with 
you ? 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDow^EH,. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 1 p. m. 
Reno marches with his whole force at daylight to-morrow morning, and will 
take post two miles and a half this side of Warrenton, his left on the railroad. 
He is directed to report to you upon his arrival, and to hold himself in readi- 
ness to support you, in case. you need it. Cox Avill be pushed forward as soon 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE, 209 

as his troops arrive here — probably by to-morrow noon. Banks is at Fayette- 
ville, and will respond to any call you may make on him. Sturgis will also be 
pushed forward as soon as troops arrive — I hope to-morrow in the afternoon. 
Heintzelman's corps, not yet tully arrived, I must keep here till I hear what 
has become of the column moving towards Salem. Sent a cavalry regiment 
from Manassas to scout along the Manassas Gap railroad as far, at least, as 
Thoroughfare Gap. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDowell. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 12 midnight. 

General Sigel reports the enemy's rear guard at Glean to-night, with his 
main force encamped at White Plains. You will please ascertain, very early in 
the morning, whether this is so, and have the whole of your command in readi- 
ness to march. You had best ascertain it to-night. Communication has been 
interrupted by the enemy's cavalry near Manassas. Whether his whole force, 
or the largest part of it, has gone round, is a question which we must settle 
instantly, and no part of his force must march opposite to us to-night without 
our knowing it. I telegraphed you, an hour or two ago, what disposition we 
had made, supposing the advance through Thoroughfjire Gap to be a column 
of not more than 10,000 or 15,000 men. If his whole force, or the largest part 
of it, has gone, we must know it at once. The troops here have no artillery, 
and if the main force of the enemy are still opposite to you, you must send for- 
ward to Greenwich — to be there to-morrow evening — two batteries of artillery, 
and three, if you can get them, to meet Kearny. We must know at a very 
early hour in the morning, so as to determine our plans. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

Major General McDowell. 



Headquarters Third Army Corps, 
Army of Virginia, August 27, 1862 — 4.30 a. m. 
Your telegram of 12 midnight is only just received. I will endeavor to have 
Buford ascertain, as soon as he can and as far as he can, the extent of the 
enemy's movement toward White Plains. I saw General Sigel late last night, 
and his scouts, and did not learn that the general had any other information tlian 
T gave you in my telegram of 10 o'clock p. m., and he was not aware of the 
negro's statement which I sent you at 9 o'clock p. m. Your telegram of lip. 
m. last night was received. My corps is at present posted as follows : King's 
division, on Sulphur Springs road — one brigade near springs ; Ricketts, on 
Waterloo road, about four miles from town ; Reynolds, inside and between the 
others. 

iRviN McDowell. 

General Pope. 

H. Ex. Doc. 81—14. 



210 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

A?/gust 27, 1862—5.30 a. m. 
I have just heard from Fitz-John Porter, he has neither wagous nor pro- 
visions and only forty rounds of ammunition per man. The troops here have no 
wagons, .and are very scarce of provisions. The raih-oad is interrupted between 
here and Manassas, and will require a strong force to repair it and keep it open ; 
meantime we shall suffer for everything. It therefore appears to me that we had 
Lest move with our whole force to occupy Grainesville, so as to secure our com- 
munication with Alexandria. It does not seem to me as possible to hold a posi- 
tion so far to the front as Warrenton while so heavy a column of the enemy is 
so near to our concentration — much in front of Manassas. Give me your views 
immediately on the subject, for we must act promptly in some way. At all 
events, all wagons not needed for ammunition must be got ready for an immedi- 
ate movement to the rear. Let me hear from you at once. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major Geiierul Commanding. 
General McDowell. 

No record of General McDowell's answer to this. 



"Warrenton Junction, 

August 27, 1862—8.30 a. m. 

Execute the movement you suggest, but you must be careful not to let the 
enemy know it till the last moment. Send the trains by this way, and call 
Banks to you. If the movement could be made by dark it would be better. 
I will open the road and join you as soon as I can. I do not know that it will 
be safe to Avait ; but of that you can tell better than I, as your scouts and look- 
outs can see the movements of the enemy. Order Banks to send his train oflf 
immediately, and also the trains you have. We must get to Gainesville to-uight. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

Major General McDowell. 



Warrenton, Virginia, 

August 27, 1862—8.45 a. m. 

I have just received your telegram of 8.30 a. m. I have ordered Sigel to 
send immediately a strong advance from his corps to seize the position of Buck- 
laud Mills, on Broad Run, and follow immediately with his corps. Can you 
spare time to come to the instrument and have a conversation with me ? 

IRVIN McDowell, 

Major General. 
■ Major General Pope. 



Warrenton Junction, 

August 27, 1862—1.45 ^;. w. 

Reno has his instructions and is ahead of his wagon-train. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
General McDowell. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 211 



Warrenton Junction, 

August 27, 1862 — 5 p. m. • 
I am just leaving for Bristow Station. The enemy retired from the railroad 
before Hooker's advance, having burnt no bridges and done no damage that 
cannot be speedily repaired. Reno will reach Greenwich to-night. Heintzel- 
mau follows after him. Porter, with his whole corps, moves behind Heiutzei- 
mau. My headquarters to-night will be with Heintzelman, 

JOHX POPE. 
Major General McDowell. 



Warre\ton a\d Warrenton Junction, 

A'ugust 27, 1862. 
I will be m the telegraph office here the greater part of the day. 

POPE. 
McD. 

Please let me know wheu the last of the wagons coming this way leave War- 
reuton. 

POPE. 

You had best load all the cars at Warrentoa and aftwd. back all the surplu.? 
stores fast as possible. 

POPE. 

Reply. — I have giveu such orders. 

I. McD. 

Question. Has Reno marched to this place, or has his order been modified? 

Answer. He is marching to Greenwich. 

Question. Does Kearny follow him ? 

Answer. Yes, he will follow him also. Porter's corps are on the road. 

Question. Has either Porter or Kearny any artillery? 

Answer. Kearny has one battery. I presume Porter has all his artillery. 

Question. I have ordered Sigel, who has a superabundance of artillery for his 
infantry, to detach two batteries for Ke^irny, and will try and have them join 
him to-night. What division or force will you leave at Warrenton Junction till 
the baggage wagons shall have passed? 

Answer. I cannot tell yet. But one division I will leave. You need aot send 
the three batteries till I communicate with you further. I fear thej^ may be in some 
danger. Have all the stores you do not need loaded into the cars and sent down 
here immediately. The enemj'- has burned a bridge over Cedar Run. Our left 
wing, therefore, rests at that place until we can have the bridge repaired. Hurry 
up the wagons ^rith all speed to this place. 

POPE. 

Send me an officer, if you have him, wlio knows the country between Catlett^s 
Station and Gainesville. 

Question. Had not Banks better retire by way of Waxrentoii Junction, pre- 
ceded by his trains ? 

Auswer. He can do so; but please send him the order from Warrenton, as he 
is nearer to vou and I have got rj.o cavalrv. 

POPE. 



212 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Ecynokls reports, from Sulplntr Springs, that tlie indications are tliat the 
enemy has left that place. Sigel's advance is on the march for Buckland Mills, 
lam anxious he should get that point as it is of importance. Sigel thinks the 
enemy has passed Salem. I do not think he can have yet done so. I have this 
instant received the following from the signal officers on Watery Mountain : 
"No sign of enemy at Jefterson; his wagons have left there. A Avagon-train 
and line of troops northwest of this mountain, moving towards Chester Gap." 

Question. What became of that regiment of cavalry I directed you to send 
me yesterday ? 

POPE. 

Answer. I ordered you one from Euford's, because I could not get hold of 
Bayard. Not having heard whether he has done so, I have this morning, to 
make sure, ordered 13ayard to send jon the Maine regiment, and it marches 
•mmediately. This may result in your having two regiments. 
^ I. McD. 

Question. Have you sent the orders to Banks that I requested you to send? 
Answer. Yes ; to move upon Catlett's, preceded by his train. 

I. McD. 



No. 65. 

APPENDIX "B" TO GENERAL POPE'S REPORT. 

Copies of such of tJte despatches and orders sent and received during the cam- 
paign of the army of Virginia as are referred to in the hody of the report 
and are necessary to explain in detail the operations of the campaign. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Washington., July 18, 1862. 

General orders, No. 5.] 

Hereafter, as far as practicable, the troops of this command A\ill subsist upon 
the country in which tlieir operations are carried on. In all cases supplies for 
this purjiose will be taken by the ofhcers to Avhose department they properly be- 
long, under the orders of the commanding officer of the troops for whose use 
they arc intended. Vouchers Avill be given to the owners, stating on their face 
that they Avill be payable at the conclusion of the war, upon sufficient testimony 
being furnished that such OAvners have been loyal citizens of the United States 
since the date of the vouchers. Whenever it is knoAvn that supplies can be fur- 
nished in any district of the country Avhere the troops are to operate, the use of 
trains for carrying subsistence Avill be dispensed Avith as far as possible. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEORGE D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel, Assistant Adjtitant General and Chief of Staff. 
Official : 

C. A. MORGAN, 

Colonel and Aidc-dc-Camp. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 213 



Headciuarters Army of Vfrgima, 

JVas/iiHgio?i, July IS, 18G2. 
General orders, No. 6.] 

Hereafter in any operations of the cavalry forces in tins command, no snpply 
or baggage trains of any description will be nsed nnless so stated specially in 
the order for the movement. Two days' cooked rations will be carried on the 
persons of the men, and all villages or neighborhoods through -which they pass 
will be laid under contribution in the manner specified by general orders No. o, 
cmTcnt series, from these liead(|uarters for the subsistence of men and horses. 
Movements of cavalry must always be made Avith celerity, and no delay in such 
movements will be excused hereafter on any pretext. Whenever the order for 
the movement of any portion of this army emanates from these headquarters 
the time of marching, and that to be consumed in the execution of the duty, will 
be specifically designated, and no departure therefrom will be permitted to pass 
unnoticed without the gravest and most conclusive reasons. 

Commanding officers -a^U be held responsible for strict and prompt compliance 
with every provision of this order. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEORGE D. EUGGLES, 
Colonel, Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of Setoff. 

Official; 

1l>. pope, Captain and Aide-de-Caynj). 



Hdaduuarters Army of Virginia, 

Washington, My 10, 1862. 
General orders. No. 7.] 

The people of the valley of the Shenandoah, and throughout the region of 
operations of this army, living along the lines of railroad and telegraph, and 
along the routes of travel in rear of the United States forces, are notified that 
they will be held responsible for any injury done to the track, line, or road, or 
for any attacks upon trains or straggling soldiers by baruls of guerillas in their 
neighborhood. No privileges and immunities of warfare apply to lawless bands 
of individuals not forming part of the organized forces of the enemy, nor wear- 
ing the garb of soldiers, who, seeking and obtaining safety on pretext of being 
peaceful citizens, steal out in rear of the army, attack and murder straggling 
soldiers, molest trains of supplies, destroy railroads, telegra])h lines, and bridges, 
and commit outrages disgraceful to civilized people and revolting to humanity. 
Evil disposed persons in rear of our armies, who do not themselves engage di- 
rectly in these lawless acts, encourage them by refusing to interfere or to give 
any information by which such acts can be prevented or the perpetrators 
punished. 

Safety of life and property of all persons living in rear of our advancing armies 
depends upon the maintenance of peace and quiet among themselves, and upon 
the unmolested movements through their midst of all pertaining to the military 
service. They are to understand distinctly that this security of travel is their 
only warrant of personal safety. 

It is tlierefore ordered that wherever a railroad, wagon road, or telegraph is 
injured by parties of guei-illas, the citizens living Avithin five miles of the spot 
shall be turned out in mass to repair the damage, and shall beside pay to the 
United States, in money or in property, to be levied by military force, the full 
amount of the pay and subsistence of the whole force necessary to coerce the 
performance of the work during the time occupied in completing it. 



214 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

If a soldier or legitimate follower of the army be fired upon from any house, 
tlie house shall be razed to the ground, and the inhabitants sent prisoners to the 
headquarters of this army. If such an outrage occur at any place distant from 
settlements, the people Avithin five miles aromid shall be held accoinitable and 
made to pay an indemnity sufficient for the case. 

Any persons detected in such outrages, either during the act or at any time 
afterward, shall be shot, withovit awaiting civil process. No sucli acts can in- 
fluence the result of this war, and they can only lead to heavy afflictions to the 
population to no })urpose. 

It is therefore enjoined upon all persons, both for the security of their prop- 
erty and the safety of their own persons, that they act vigoroxasly and cordially 
together to prevent the perpetration of such outrages. 

Whilst it is the wish of the general commanding this army that all peaceably 
disposed persons, who remain at their homes and piu-sue their accustomed avo- 
cations, shall be subjected to no improper burden of war, yet their own safety 
must of necessity depend upon the strict preservation of peace and order among 
themselves, and they are to understand that nothing will deter him from enforc- 
ing promptly, and to the full extent, every provision of this order. 

By command of j\[a]or General Pope. 

C4E0RGE D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel, Assistant Adjutant General and CliuJ' of Staff. 

Official : 

AiJe-de- Camjy. 



Headquarters A'cmy of Virginia, 

Washington, July 23, 1862. 
General Orders, No. 11.] 

Commanders of army corps, divisions, brigades and detached commands, will 
proceed immediately to arrest all disloyal male citizens within their lines, or 
within their reach in rear of their respective stations. 

Such as are willing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, and 
will furnish sufficient security for its observance, shall be permitted to remain 
at their homes, and pin-sue in good faith their accustomed avocations. Those 
who refuse shall be conducted south, beyond the extreme pickets of this army, 
and be notified that if found again anywhere witliiu our lines, or at any point 
in rear, they will be considered spies, and subjected to the extreme rigor of 
military law. 

If any person, having taken the onth of allegiance, as above specified, be 
found to have violated it, he shall be shot, and his property seized and applied 
to the public use. 

All communication with any person whatever living within the lines of the 
enemy is positively prohibited, except through the military authorities, and in 
the manner specified by military law; and any person concerned in writing, or 
in carrying letters or messages in any other Avay, will be considered and treated 
as a sjiy witliin the lines of the United States army. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel, A. A. G. and Chief of Staff. 

Official: 

C. A. MORGAN, 

Colonel a7id Aide-de- Camp. 



KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 215 

HEAOaUARTERS ArMY OF VIRGINIA, 

Near SpcrryviUe, Virginia, August 6, 18G2. 
General Orders, No. 18.] 

Hereafter, in all marclies of the army, no straggling, or lagging beliind, will 
be allowed. Commanders of regiments will be held responsible that this order 
is observed, and they will march habitually in the rear of their regiments; com- 
pany commanders in the rear of their respective companies. 

They will suffer no man of their command to fall behind them on any excuse, 
except by a written permit from the medical officer of the regiment, that they 
are too sick to perform the march and therefore must ride in ambulances. 

Medical officers will be responsible that no suchwritten pass is improperly given. 

Eeg-imental trains will march in rear of the divisions to which the regiments 
belong, in the order of precedence of the regiments in that division. Brigade 
and division supply trains will follow in the rear of the respective army corps 
to which they belong. 

Ambulances and ammunition wagons will follow in rear of their respective 
regiments, and under no consideration whatever will any wagon or other ve- 
hicle be placed in the column of march, other than as hereinbefore specified 

Officers and soldiers of thisarmy will habitually carry two days' cooked ra- 
tions upon their persons, when ordered to perform a march. 

It is recommended to commanders of "corps d'armee" that in all cases, 
when it is practicable, the shelter tents and knapsacks of the men be carried in 
the wagons. 

At least one hundred rounds of ammmiition per man will be carried habitu- 
ally in the cartridge-boxes and on the persons of the men, and any captain of a 
company Avhose men at any time are deficient in this amount of ammunition 
will be arrested and reported to the War Department for dismissal from the 
service. A proper staff ofiicer will be sent from these headquarters to inspect 
the troops while on the march, who will report to the major general command- 
ing any violation of, or departure from, the provisions of this order. 

Neither offi cer nor soldier will be permitted to leave his command while on 
the march, or enter any house without a written permit from his brigade com- 
mander. Where soldiers are obliged for necessary purposes to leave the ranks 
while on the march, they will turn over their muskets and accouti'ements to the 
next man on their right, who shall carry the arms and accoutrements, and be 
responsible for them till the owners shall have again taken their places in the ranks. 

Commanders of corps will prescribe the number of rounds of artillery ammu- 
nition to be carried Avitli each battery ; but in no case shall any battery be left 
with less than two hundred rounds for each gun. As good order and discipline 
are essential to the success of any army, a strict compliance with the provisions 
of this order is enjoined upon all officers and soldiers of this command, and 
they are expected and required to report to their superior officers every depar- 
ture from them. Whilst tlie major general commanding the army will see to it 
that every soldier is kindly cared for and supplied with everything necessary 
for his comfort, he takes occasion to announce to the army that the severest 
punishment will be inflicted upon every officer and soldier who neglects his 
duty, and connives at or conceals any such neglect of duty or disobedience of 
orders on the part of any other officer or soldier. Commanders of army corps 
will see that this order is published, immediately after the receipt, at the head 
of every regiment in their command. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

R. 0. SELFRIDGE, 
Assistant Adjutant General. 

Official : 

Aid e-de- Camp. 



216 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 





Infantry. 


Artillery. 


Cavalry. 


Total, 


First cirray corps 

Second army corps -- 


10,550 
13,343 


948 

1,224 

971 


1,T30 
4,104 
2,904 


13,208 
18,671 


Third army corps . 


17,604 


21,479 






41,497 


3,143 


8,738 


53,353 


Deduct infantry brigade at Winchester. 2, 500 

Deduct resiment and battery at Front Eoyal 1, 000 

Deduct cavalry unfit for service. .....-..---... - - 3.000 


Deduct 










... 6,500 


6,500 






46,858 



I certify tliat this is a true copy of tlie consolidated morning report of tlie 
army of Virginia, dated July 31, 1862, commanded by Major General Pope. 

MYER ASCH, 
Captain and Aidc-de-Camp. 

Note. — Instead of 14,500 men. Banks had only about 8,000, from his report 
to me after the battle of Cedar Mountain. — (See correspondence ou this subject 
with General Banks.) 



United States Military Telegraph, 

War Department, Washington, D. C, June 30, 1862. 

Mlddktown, June 30, 1.10 p. vi. — Time received, \Ab p. m. 

[Extract.] 
* * * * * # rpj^g troops 

forming first corps are not in good condition. They are weakened and poorly 
provided. The organization is not complete, and the whole cavalry force con- 
sists of not more than eight hundred (800) effective men and horses. They are 
scarcely sufficient for picket and patrol duty, so that I can hardly make a re- 
connoissance * * * * * * 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General John Pope. 



A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp . 



Despatches and orders sent and received from August 8 to August 20, inclusive. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Culpeper Court-Housc, August 8, 1802. 
One division of the enemy (Elzcy's) crossed the Rapidan to-day at Barnett's 
Ford, about five miles west of the railroad crossing, and resting at Robertson's 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 217 

river. Tins is probably a recounois.sance in force, but it may be possilily an ad- 
vance upon Culpeper. One division of McDowell's and the whole of Banks's 
corps are here to-night. Sigel's will be here to-morrow morning, when I shall 
push the enemy again behind the Rapidan and take up a strong position, as you 
suggest in your despatch of this date. I will be very careful that my commu- 
nications with Fredericksburg are not interrupted. We captured to-day about 
forty prisoners from the enemy ; our loss being one cavalry soldier killed and 
one wounded. 

I have directed King to march to-morrow, and cross the Rapidan on the plank- 
road at Germania Mills or Ely's Ford, just below it. It is about thirty-five 
miles from Fredericksburg to this point. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

Major General Halleck, Washmgton. 

A true copy. 

T. 0. II. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cajnp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Ctiljyeper Court-House, August 8, 1862. 

General: The general commanding directs me, in reply to your despatch of 
this date, (6.50 p. m.,) inquiring what road you shall take, to say, that you are 
to march direct to Culpeper Court-House by the turnpike. He is surprised 
that you make this inquiry, after his definite instructions of this morning. He 
directs that you reach this point by 12 m. to-morrow. 

With great respect, general, your obedient servant, 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 
Major General Sigel, 

Comvianding First Army Corps. 



[Received at headquarters 2d corps, August 9, 8.40 a. m.] 

Madison Court-House, August 8. 

All of ray force is withdrawn from Madison Coiu-t-House and are in retreat to- 
wards Sperryville. The enemy is in force on both my right and left and in my 
rear. I may be cut oflP. 

JOHN BUFORD, Brigadier General. 

Major General Banks. 

Received by signal 8 a. m., Fairfax, Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Third Army Corps, Army of Virginia, 

Culpeper Court-House, August 9, 1862. 

General : I have just received a letter from the colonel of the Rhode Island 
cavalry, Avho says: "All is quiet in front of us. The enemy is always before 



218 KEPOET OF MA JOE GENEEAL POPE. 

my videttes ; on my left there is perhaps a regiment of rebel infantry. In a 
word I do not believe the enemy to be in force in onr front. General Bayard 
has just ordered me to march to repulse the enemy." 

Very respectfully, general, your obedient servant, 

iRviN McDowell, 

Major General, Commanding Third A. C. A. V. 
Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Ijieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, Second Corps, 

August 9, 1862—2.25. 

General Williams's division has taken position on the right of the pike, the 
right on a heavy body of woods ; General Augur on the left, his left resting 
on a mountain occupied by his skirmishers. He will soon be in position. The 
enemy shows his cavalry (which is strong) ostentatiously. No infantry seen, 
and not much artillery. Woods on left said to be full of troops. A visit to the 
front does not impress that the enemy intends immediate attack. He seems, 
however, to be taking positions. 

N. P. BANKS. 

Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of the Potomac, 

August 9, 1862—4.50. 

About 4 o'clock shots were exchanged by the skirmishers. Artillery opened 
fire on both sides in a few minutes. One regiment of rebel infantry advancing, 
now deployed in front as skirmishers. I have ordered a regiment on the right, 
Williams's division, to meet them, and one from the left ; Augur to advance ou 
the left and in front. 

N. P. BANKS. 

Colonel EuGGLES, Chief of Staff. 

5 J}- tn- — They are now approaching each other. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. smith. 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camjy. 



EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 219 

[From the War Department, August 18.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

I fully approve your movement. I hope to push a part of Burnside's forces 
to near Barnett's Ford by to-morrow night to assist you iu holding- that pass. 
Stand firm on the line till I can help you. Fight hard and aid Avill soon come. 

H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. 

General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

LieiitenaJit Colonel and Aide-dc-Camj). 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Ila2)p(iliannoch Station, Atigust 20, 1862*. 

Your despatch of yesterday received Inst night. I shall mass my whole force 
along what is known as Marsh Run, about two and a half or three miles north- 
east of Eappahannock Ford, occupying Kelly's Ford with an advanced guard 
from my k-ft ; Rappahannock Ford with an advanced guard from the centre, 
and picketing strongly with cavalry the fords above me as far as the road from 
Sperryville to Warreiiton. If the enemy attempt to turn my right by the way 
of Sulphur Springs, they will probably march direct on Warrenton, from which 
place a good turnpike conducts to Washington. Such a movement, however, 
will expose their fiank and rear, and you may be sure I shall not lose the oppor- 
tunity. My right Avill be considerably refused along the railroad, as far, at least, 
as Bealton Station. What relations with me will the corps of Fitz-John Por- 
ter have % I should like to know exactly. I am going out to post my command. 
I have heard from Reno. He crossed safely yesterday at Kelly's Ford and Bar- 
nett's Ford. The enemy so far has made no movement in advance. I think 
they are not yet ready, for want of transportation for supplies, to cross the 
Rapidan. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SxMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, 



Despatches and orders sent and received from Avgust 22 to Angnst 24, inclusice. 
[Received August 21, 1SG2, from the War Department, Washington.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

I have telegraphed General Burnside to know at what hour he can re-enforce 
Reno. Am waiting his answer. Every effort must be made to hold the Rap- 
pahannock. Large forces will be in to-morrow. 

H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief 

General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cainp. 



220 EEPORT OF MA JOE GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Viroimia, 

Ilaiypaliannock Station, August 21, 1862. 

The enemy has made no furtlier advance since yesterday afternoon, but his 
cavalry pickets are in plain view of our front. After full examination of the 
ground, I have determined to maintain the line of the Eappahannock instead of 
Marsh creek. I have, accordingly, occupied advanced and con^manding posi- 
tions on the south side of the river, and have three bridges, beside the fords, to 
connect Avitli them. The main body of my command is posted along the north 
side of the river, having easy access to the front. I have masked the fords 
above and below me with infantry, cavalry, and artillery, and have no concern 
about any attack in the front, though, as previously suggested, my right can be 
turned at considerable distance above me. This, however, will require time, 
and will be, besides, a hazardous operation. We drew back behind the Rappa- 
hannock in perfect order, without leaving any article whatever. 

JNO. POPE, Major GeneraJ. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



[From War Department, Washington, August 21, 1862.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 
I have just sent General Burnside's reply. General Cox's forces are coming 
on from Parkersburg, and will be here to-morrow and the next day. Dispute 
every inch of ground, and fight like the devil till we can re-enforce you. Forty- 
eight hours more and we can make you strong enough. Don't yield an inch if 
you can help it. 

H. W. HALLECK, 

General-in- Chief. 
General Pope. 

A true coiiv. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camjy. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Rappahannock Station, August 22, 18G2 — 12 m. 
Keep your cavalry scouring the woods all around you, and watching the 
roads, and pick up stragglers. You will keep them, under guard at Catlett's 
Station, or use them for fatigue duty. 
By order of Major General Pope. 

GEORGE D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff". 
Commanding Officer, 

JVarre?ifon Junctioji. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-dc-Camp. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 221 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Rappahannock Station, August 22, 1862 — 12 m. 

The number of stragglers leaving tliis army just now, and the ease with which 
they escape, are becoming serious. Can they not be arrested and confined in 
prison at Washington, as I have not at present the means to bring them here, 
or to keep them when I get them 1 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and AiJe-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virgima, 

August 22, 1862—10.50 a. m. 
It is very apparent that the enemy is moving with a view of turning our 
right He has no forces further east than Strasburg, and everything is tending 
up the river. I presume he will cross if possible at Sulphur Springs, on the 
pike to Washington. I would suggest that all the forces being sent from 
Fredericksburg be pushed forward inunediately as far as this place, as I think 
there is no danger whatever on the lower fords of the Rappahannock. A cap- 
tured letter from General llobert Lee to General Stewart, dated at Gordonsville, 
August 15, clearly indicates their movement. We had several handsome skir- 
mishes yesterday, in one of Avhich one of our cavalry regiments on the south 
side of the river charged over a regiment of rebel infantry, dispersing and driving 
them into the woods. Seventy head of the enemy's beef cattle and seven horses 
were captured. There has been heavy artillery firing all the morning, the 
enemy not yet hawing finished his preparation for attack. My whole force is 
massed and well in hand. We have had a great many casualties within the 
last two davs of skirmishing and cannonading. I cannot tell how many. 

JNO. POl^E, Major General. 



Major General Halleck. 
A true copy. 



T. 0. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Rappaliajinoclc Station, August 22, 1862 — 5 o'clock p)- '>n. 
I think that the troops of Heintzelman and Cox had best be landed from the 
train at Bealton Station ; Kearny on or near Licking river, say two miles 
southwest of Warrenton Junction. The enemy has made no attempt to-day to 
cross the river. His movement up towards our right seems to have been con- 
tinuous all day. I have little doubt if he crosses at all it will be at Sulphm' 
Springs. Under present circumstances I shall not attempt to prevent his cross- 
ing at Sulphur Springs, but will mass my whole force on his flank in the neigh- 
borhood of Fayetteville. By undertaking to defend the crossing at Sulphur 



222 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Springs I would much extend my lines and remove myself too f;xr from tlie re- 
enforcements that are arriving l)y railroad. Before the enemy can be fairly 
across the river with any considerable force, I shall be strong enough to ad- 
vance from Payetteville upon his flank. 

JOHN POPE, Major General 
Major General IIalleck. 

A true coj)y. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Rappahannock Station, Aitgust 22, 1862 — 6.30 o'clock p. m. 

Everything indicates clc^arly to me that the enemy's movement Avill be upon 
"Warrenton, by way of Sulphur Springs. If I could know, with aiiything like 
certainty, by what time to expect troops that are starting from Alexandria, I 
could act more understandingly. I have not heard of the arrival of any of the 
forces from Fredericksburg at the fords below, though I have withdrawn nearly 
the whole of Reno's forces from Kelley's Ford. I cannot move against Sul- 
phur Springs just now without exposing my rear to the heavy force in front of 
Jiie, and having my communication with the forces coming up the Rappahan- 
nock intercepted and most likely the railroad destroyed. I think it altogether 
well to bring Franklin's corps to Alexandria. Lee made his headquarters at 
Culpeper last night. He has the whole of his army in front of me. Its 
jiumbcrs you can estimate as well as myself. As soon as his plans are fully 
developed I .shall be ready to act. 

JOHN POPE, Major General. 

Major General IIalleck. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

LievAenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army op Virginia, 
Rappahannock Station, August 22, 1862 — 9 o'chck p.^ m. 
Seowts report a heavy foi'ce moving up across Hedgeman's river on the 
Sperry ville and Little Washington pike towards Warrentou ; also crossing at 
Sulphur Springs. I think a brigade should be sent to guard the railroad bridge 
at Cedar Run, and that Heintze] man's corps should be hurried forward with all 
possible despatch. 

JOHN POPE, Major General,. 
Major General Halleck, 

^ A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Liciite?WMt Colotiel and Aide-de-Camp, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 223 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 22 — 9.15 o^ clock p. m. 
Reports from our forces near Sulpliur Springs just iu. Enemy was crossing 
river to-day at Sulphur, and on the road from Warrenton to Sperryville. He 
is still in heavy force at Rappahannock Ford and above, and my rear is en- 
tirely exposed if I move towards Sulphur Springs or Warrenton. I must do 
one of two things, either fall back and meet Heiutzelman behind Cedar Run or 
cross the Rappahannock with my whole force and assail the enemy's flank and 
rear. I must do one or the other at daylight. Which shall it be? I incline 
to the latter, but don't wish to interfere with your plans. 

JOPIN POPE, 31ajor Getieral. 
General Halleck. 

• 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-dc-Cam2>. 



[Received August 22, 1862, from War Departmeut, Washington, 22 — 11 p. m ] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

I think the latter of your two propositions the best. I also think you had 
better stop Heintzelman's cordis and the troops of Sturgis and Cox as they ar- 
rive to-morrow at Warrenton Junction, instead of taking them to Bealton. 

H. W. HALLECK, 

Gencral-in- CTi lef. 
Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-dc-Camp. 



[Received August 22, 1862, from Manassas— 10.40 p. m ] 

United States Military Telecjraph. 
We will continue to forward troops to Manassas unless you order otherwise, 
but beyond this point trains will be held to aAvait your orders, or -until further 
information is received. 

HAUPT. 
General Pope. 

A true copy, 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colo?iel and Aide-de-Camp. 



224 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Rajypaliannock Station, August 23, 1862 — 2.20 o'clock a. m. 

As nearly as I can learn the facts, tlie enemy's cavalry made a raid from the 
direction of Warrenton upon onr wagon trains at Catlett's, and seem to have 
done some considerable damage to them through the gross carelessness of the 
guard, which was amply sufficient to jirotect them. Please hurry forward 
Ileintzelman, as the enemy may reach Warrenton Junction before he does. 
Please push forward also all the troops moving up from Fredericksburg with 
orders to cross the Rappahannock at the various fords, and march rapidly on 
Strasburg. My movement Avill be made to-morrow as soon as I find the enemy 
has passed a sufficient number of his troops over the river. The troops coming 
up from Fredericksburg should be hastened forward with all despatch to Stras- 
burg and Brandy Station. It will t)e well, also, to send with them immediately 
a train with bread, sugar, coffee, and salt, as our railroad communication may 
be unsafe for a few days. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck. 



Headquarters First Corps, 

Army of Virginia, August 23, 1862. 
There is no doubt that the enemy has outflanked us, and that his army crosses 
near Sulphur Springs and Fox's or Lawsou's Ford. I therefore must instantly 
beg you to send General Reno's division to Fayetteville, which will be good and 
necessary for all emergencies, but it should be done to-night and immediately. 
General Banks, instead of marching to Lawson's Ford, as directed by me, has 
not done it, and the enemy is therefore crossing at Fox's Ford, from which ford 
General Bayard retired an hour or two ago. From Fayetteville General Reno 
can advance to Lawson's Ford, or maintain his position until you have made 
your proper arrangements. It would be, according to my opinion, the best to 
withdraw the first corps towards Bealton, or my original position near Beverly 
Ford, to enable us to concentrate all our forces in a central jiosition. General 
Reno would cover this movement, and we would gain one day. 
I am, general, respectfully yours, 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Commanding First Corps. 
Major General Pope, 

Commanding Army of Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. II. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, August 23, 1862. 

Your despatch just received. General Buford is at Fayetteville, and will 
watch any movements of the enemy towards that place or towards your right. 
Stand firm and let the enemy develop towards Warrenton. Re-enforcements 
are constantly arriving in our rear. I do not wish any further extension of 
our lines to the right, but I desire the enemy to cross as large a force as he 
pleases in the direction of Warrenton. When I wish to concentrate on the rail- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 225 

road I will cover your movement back. Be under no concern, but keep your 
■whole command ready to march at a moment's notice. Send word to Bayard 
to keep his position as far up the river as possible, and check, if you find it 
necessary, any attempt of the enemy to cross at Lawson's Ford. 
By order of General Pope. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Major General Sigel. 
A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 23, 1862—7.15 o'clock a. m. 
The river has risen here six feet, and is entirely impassable at any ford. I 
have no doubt it is the same all the way up the river, as the main portion of the 
storm was above. The enemy, therefore, on this side is cut off from those on the 
other, and there is no fear of this position. You will accordingly march at once 
upon Sulphur Springs, and thence towards Waterloo Bridge, attacking and 
beating the enemy wherever you find him. Banks's corps and the force "under 
General Reno will accompany and support you. McDowell with his whole 
corps marches direct on Warrenton, and you will be brought together in that 
neighborhood to-night. Move promptly up the river. The other troops will be 
close behind you. You ought to be in the neighborhood of Waterloo Bridge 
before sunset. I will accompany McDowell's corps and communicate further 
with you in the course of the day. You will have an effective force of 25,000 



men. Leave nothing behind you. 
Major General Sigel. 
A true copy. 



JNO. POPE, Major General 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 23, 1SG2— 7.35 o'clock a. m. 
You will accompaiiy and support General Sigel in his forward movements 
towards Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge. General Reno will follow you 
closely for the same purpose. McDowell's corps marches immediately upon 
Warrenton. The river has risen six feet, and is no longer passable by the 
enemy. His forces on this side are cut off fi-om those on the other, and we will 
march against those on this side, and our whole force will unite between War- 
renton and Waterloo Bridge. Call in Crawford at once, and leave nothing 
behind you. Follow Sigel very closely, and keep constant communication with 
him, as also with General Reno, in your rear. Be quick, for time is everything. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 



Major General Banks. 
A true copy. 

H. Ex. Doc. 81 15 



T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



226 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Rappahannock Station, Angust 23, 18G2 — 9 o'clock a. m. 

The lieavy storm of yesterday and last night has caused the river to rise six 
feet. There are no longer any fords, and the bridges are carried away. I suc- 
ceeded in time in Avithdrawing my advanced forces from the south side of the 
river. The movement across the river on the enemy's flank and rear is therefore 
impossible. The enemy's forces on this side which have crossed at Sulphur 
Springs and Hedgeman's River, are cut off from those on the south side. I 
march at once with my whole force on Sulphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, and 
Warrenton, in the hope to destroy these forces befoi-e the river runs down. The 
rain still continues, and I think we are good for thirty-six hours. As soon as I 
have effected this purpose, Avhich I hojie to do by an early hour to-morrow, I 
shall move back, detaching a large force to reopen my communications at 
Catlett's, and send forward supplies. If Heintzelman and Cox move quickly, it 
will be easy to hold the Rappahannock, leaving the enemy much damaged by 
his attempt to turn our right. You may not hear from me before to-morrow night. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, • 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 23, 1862 — 11 o'clock a. m. 

You will please, on arriving at Rappahannock Station, follow the route taken 
by the army corps of General McDowell, passing Brigadiei- General Tower, who 
is in command of the rear giiard, and Avhom you will find near the railroad 
station. Please keep well closed, and close up to the rear of McDowell's corps. 
Our march is to Warrenton, about ten miles distant, which you must make 
to-night. 

By command of General Pope, commanding army of Virginia. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 

General Reynolds. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Cohmel and. Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army op Virginia, 

Near Warrcjiton, August 23, 1862 — 10 o'clock p. m. 

My advance entered the town about an hour ago, the enemy evacuating it on 

our approach. They fell back towards Hedgeman's River and Sulphur Springs. 

At the latter place my left was engaged about sunset, and now awaits daylight. 

I shall move rapidly at daylight upon Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge. 



EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. • 227 

If the enemy is really in large force on this side of the Rappahannock, he will 
be trapped, as the river is very high behind. I will communicate to-morrow. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 
Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de Ca??!]). 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 24, 1862 — 5 o'clock a. vi. 

The advance division of McDowell's corps occupied Warrenton last night, 
without opposition. The head of his column Avas pushed just outside of town, 
on the road to Sulphur Springs, ready to move forward to that point, should it 
be necessary. I am pushing a reconnoissance towards Waterloo Bridge to see 
what is there. Communicate fully to me through Captain Merrill, who will 
hand you this note, the condition of things in front of you. Our work must be 
finished here to-day ; we have no time to spare. Provisions will be in War- 
renton this morning. 

JNO. POPE, ikf«>r General. 

Major General Sigel, Comvianding, Sfc. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieiitenant Colonel and Aide-de- Camp. 



[Extract. Received August 24, 1862.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

* * * * Thirty thousand (30,000) troops, or more, demand transporta- 
tion. It is clear that the sudden demands exceed the capacity of the road. We 
can manage twelve thousand (12,000) troops per day, Avith supplies, if no acci- 
dent occurs. The new troops might march, the veterans go in cars, horses 
driven, baggage, tents, &c., wait until they can be forwarded. Supplies take 
precedence. 

HAUPT. 

Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cavq*. 



[Extract.] 
United States Military Telegraph, 

Alexandria, August 24, 1862. 

We expect to clean out all the troops now here, and all that are expected 
to-day. ***** 

H. HAUPT. 
Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



228 ^ REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headq,uarters First Corps, 
Near Waterloo Bridge, Augiist 25, 1862 — 1.40 p. m. 
Colonel Beardslcy reports the enemy's cavalry at Sulphur Springs and the 
village occupied by the enemy's infantry. 

Colonel Beardsley had been sent by me to Sulphur Springs with some cavalry 
and mountain howitzers. The main force of the enemy is advancing on this 
place, (Waterloo Bridge.) 

General Reno should send me the 20-pounder Parrotts. I could use them 
here excellently. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Commanding First Corps. 
Colonel George D. Ruggles, 

Chief of Staff. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lie?itena7it Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Warrenton, August 24, 1862 — 3.45^. rti. 

I arrived in Wan-enton last night. The enemy had left two hours previously. 
Milroy's brigade, the advance of Sigel's corps, came upon the enemy late yes- 
terday afternoon near Great River, about four miles from Warrenton Sulphur 
Springs, and near the mouth of it. A sharp action took place, which lasted till 
after dark, the enemy being driven across Great River, but destroying the bridge 
behind him. Early this morning General Ikiford reached Waterloo Bridge, which 
was defended by a considerable force of the enemy and one piece of artillery. 
He took possession of the bridge and destroyed it. Sigel's force advanced 
again on the left this morning, and when last heard from was pursuing the 
enemy in the direction of Waterloo Bridge. His column was being shelled from 
the opposite bank of the river, which is still too deep to be forded. The enemy 
has made no advance against Rappahannock Station since we left, though yes- 
terday morning, whilst we were witlidrawing our forces from the opposite side of 
the river, he brought forAvard his columns of infantry and attempted to carry 
the heights which we were leaving by storm. He was, however, repulsed with 
considerable loss. We have had a continuous engagement, principally with 
artillery, along the whole line of the river for eight or ten miles during the last 
three days. No force of the enemy has yet been able to cross, except that now 
enclosed by our forces between Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge, which 
will undoubtedly be captured, unless they find some means, of which I know 
nothing, of escaping across the river between these places. Early to-morrow, 
after clearing this side of the river, I shall move back a considerable part of 
this force to the neighborhood of Rappahannock Station. By that time the 
river will doubtless be fordable again. I shall leave a corps of observation here 
to watch the crossings at Waterloo and Sulphur Springs. The forces arriving 
from Washington and Alexandria will be assembled, 1 think, on Licking river, 
between Germantown and the railroad, with a reserve for the force at Warren- 
ton, somewhere between Warrenton Junction and this place, until you are ready 
to begin a forward movement. I cannot form an estimate of the forces of the 
enemy. He has been developed in heavy force by simultaneous reconnoissances 
along a line of nine miles from the railroad crossing of the Rappahannock as far, 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 229 

at least, as .Siilpliur Springs. I should like to have some idea of the forces 
which are coming here, and your plans of organizing them, that they may bo 
assigned and posted in some order. Our losses during the last three days have 
been quite heavy ; among the killed being Brigadier General Bohlen, com- 
manding a brigade in Sigel's corps. The whole tendency of the enemy, since 
he appeared in front of us at Kappahannock Station, has been towards our 
right; but how far his movements in that direction will extend I am not yet 
able to say. I shall to-morrow remove my headquarters to some central point, 
probably Warrentou Junction. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Halleck, 

General- in- Chief, Washingt07i. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
LieutenaJit Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Warrejiton, August 24, 1862. 

General : To-night, or at an early hour in the morning, you will please 
send spies and scouts around by Front Royal to Thornton's Gap and into the 
valley of the Shenandoah, to ascertain whether any of the enemy's forces are 
moving in that direction. Send at least two or three reliable men for that pur- 
pose, and instruct them that if they find any difficulty in returning to you, they 
shall go into Winchester and communicate their information to General White. 
You will receive instructions as to your movements in the morning. 

By order of General Pope. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 

Major General Sigel, Commanding, i^-c. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Liieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 

Headquarters First Corps Army of Virginia, 

liear Waterloo Bridge, Virginia, August 24, 1862. 

The first corps is in bivouac at Waterloo Bridge, with the exception of an in- 
fantry brigade left at Sulphur Springs as rear guard, together with a brigade of 
General Banks and one of General Reno. 

General Banks's corps is on the Sulphur Springs road, about four miles from 
the springs, and General Reno is at or near the fork of the Warrenton road. 

To judge from the appearance of the camp fires and camps, I am certain that 
the enemy's main army is encamped on the other side of the river, perhaps two 
miles from the river, with the advance at Annisville and the rear opposite Sul- 
phur Springs. 

F. SIGEL, 
Major General Commanding First Corps. 
Colonel George D. Ruggles, 

Chief of Stajf] Army of Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-de-Camp. 



230 EEPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE, 



Despatches and orders sent and received, from Augtist 25 to August'2S, inclusive. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

August 25, 1862. 

Your despatch just received. Of course I shall be ready to recross the Rap- 
pahannock at a moment's notice. You will see from the positions taken that 
each army corps is on the best roads across the river. You wished forty-eight 
hours to assemble the forces from the peninsula behind the Eappahannock, and 
four days have passed without the enemy yet being permitted to cross. I don't 
think he is ready yet to do so. In ordinarily dry weather the Rappahannock 
can be crossed almost anywhere, and these crossing places are best protected 
by concentrating at central positions to strike at aiiy force wliich attempts to 
cross. I had clearly understood that you wished to unite our whole forces 
before a forward movement was begun, and that I must take care to keep 
united with Burnside on my left, so that no movement to separate us could be 
made. This witbdrew me lower down the Rappahannock than I wished to 
come. I am not acquainted with your views, as you seem to suppose, and 
would be glad to know them as far as my own position and operations are con- 
cerned. 

I understood you clearly that at all hazards I was to prevent the enemy from 
passing the Rappahannock. This I have done, and shall do. I don't like to 
be on the defensive if I can help it, but must be so as long as I am tied to Burn- 
wde's forces, not yet wholly arrived at Fredericksburg. Please let me know, if 
it can be done, what is to be my own command, and if I am to act independ- 
ently against the enemy. I certainly understood that as soon as the whole of 
our forces were concentrated you designed to take command in person, and that 
when everything was ready we were to move forward in concert. I judge from 
the tone of your despatch that you are dissatisfied with something. Unless I 
know what it is, of course I cannot correct it. The troops arriving here come 
in fragments. Am I to assign them to brigades and corps 1 I woidd suppose 
not, as several of the new regiments coming have been assigned to army corps 
directly from your office. In case I commence offensive operations, I must 
know what forces I am to take, and what you wish left, and what connexion 
must be kept up with Burnside. It has been my purpose to conform my opera- 
tions to your plans, yet I Avas not informed when McClellan evacuated Harri- 
son's Landing, so that I might know what to expect in that direction ; and Avhen I 
say these things in no complaining spirit, I think you know well that I am anx- 
ious to do everything to advance your plans of campaign. I understood that this 
army was to maintain the line of the Rappahannock until all the forces from 
the peninsula had united behind that river. I have done so. I understood 
distinctly that I was not to hazard anything except for this purpose, as delay 
was what was wanted. The enemy this morning has pushed a considerable 
infantry force up opposite Waterloo Bridge, and is planting batteries, and long 
lines of bis infantry are moving up from Jeffei'sonville towards Sulphur Springs. 
His Avhole force, as for as can be ascertained, is massed in front of me, from rail- 
road crossing of Rappahannock around to Waterloo Bridge, their main body being 
opposite Sulphur Springs. 

JOHN POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel a?id Aide-de-Camp. 



EEPORT OF MA JOE GENERAL POPE. 231 

[Extract. Received August 26, 1862, from War Department, 11.45 a. m.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

Not the slightest dissatisfoctiou has been felt in regard to your operations on 
the Rappahannock. The main object has been accomplished in getting up 
troops from the peninsula, although they have been delayed by storms. More- 
over, the telegraph has been interrupted, leaving us for a time ignorant of the 
progress of the evacuation. * * * * * * 

H. W. Hi^LLECK, 

Gencral-in- Chief. 
Major General Pope, 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieuteiiant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headciuarters Second Corps,, 

August 25 — 11.25 a. m. 

Colonel : Enclosed you will please liud reports by Colonel Clark, aide-de- 
camp, from the signal corps station, of the movements of the enemy on the south 
side of Hedgeman or Rappahannock river. The facts are reported as having 
been observed by himself, and can be relied upon as being as near the truth as 
the distance will permit. It seems to be apparent that the enemy is threaten- 
ing or moving upon the valley of the Shenandoah, via Front Royal, with de- 
signs upon the Potomac, possibly beyond. Not knowing whether you have 
received this information, I forward it for the consideration of the commanding 
general. 

Respectfullv, &c., 

N. P. BANKS, 
Major Genei-al Commanding. 
Colonel RuGGLES, 

Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of Staff . 
A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Ca?nj). 



Warrenton Junction, 
August 25, 1862—9.30 j). fn. 

You will force the passage of the river at Waterloo Bridge to-morrow morning 
at daylight, and see what is in front of you. I do not believe that there is any 
enemy in force there, but do believe that the whole of their army has marched 
to the west and northwest. I am not satisfied either with your reports or your 
operations of to-day, and I expect to hear to-morrow, early, something much 
more satisfactory concerning the enemy. Send back and bring up your pro- 
vision trains to your command, but no regimental trains or baggage of any 
description. You will consider this a positive order, to be obeyed literally. 
You will communicate with me by telegraph from AVarreuton. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Sigel, 

Commanding First Corps, 

Send in care of General McDowell, at Warrenton. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Ca?np. 



232 KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Warrenton Junction, 

August 25, 1862—9.30^. 7n. 
I believe that the whole force of the enemy has marched for the Shenandoah 
valley by way of Luray and Front Royal. The column which has marched 
to-day to Gaines's Cross-Roads has turned north, and when last seen was passing 
under the east base of Buck mountain towards Salem and Rectortown. I desire 
you, as early as possible in the morning, holding Reynolds in reserve at War- 
renton or vicinity, to make a reconnoissance with your whole corps, and ascertain 
what is beyond the river at Sulphur Springs. There is no force of the enemy 
between here and Oulpeper, or at Culpeper. I send you a despatch for Gen- 
eral Sigel, which please read and send to him immediately. Communicate with 
me frecjuently by telegraph from Warrenton, 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General McDowell, Warrenton. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Juieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camjy. 



[Keceived August 26, 18G2, from headquarters 3d army corps, 3.30 p. m., Warrenton.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 

General Sigel's bridge train has arrived. I think it may be useful. General 
Milroy burnt the bridge at Waterloo before he retired from that place last night, 
and Buford says the fords near Waterloo are bad. I have directed the available 
forces of Sigel's cavalry, with a section of his artillery, to report to General 
Buford this afternoon, on the Waterloo road, with three days' cooked rations, I 
han^e directed Buford to march at dawn to-morrow towards Chester Gap, to as- 
certain what direction the enemy has taken on our right — whether to Rector- 
town or Front Royal, through Chester Gap. He will either take the Carter 
Church road, up the left bank of Carter's Run, or the road direct from this place 
to Chester Gap, as inquiries to be made this afternoon shall determine. How- 
ever persons may have differed as to the force at Waterloo, Sulphur Springs, or 
elsewhere, all agree in one thing — the movement of the enemy towards our right 
from Rappahannock to Waterloo. Battalions, trains, batteries — all have the 
same direction. The force of the enemy now seems to be above Sulphur Springs. 
Under these views, in addition to Sigel's corps, now here, I beg to suggest that 
Hooker and Kearny be marched at once in this direction, instead of the direc- 
tion of Rappahannock Station ; for whether we attack them or they attack us, 
the contest must come oft', it seems to me, as things now stand, above rather than 
below Sulphur Springs. If they could make a march this afternoon towards 
either Sulphur Springs or Waterloo Bridge, it would be a movement, I think, 
in the right direction. What is the enemy's purpose is not easy to discover. 
Some have thought he means to march around our right through Rectortown to 
"Washington ; others think that he intends going down the Shenandoah, either 
through Thornton's or Chester Gap. Either of these operations seems to me 
too hazardous for him to iindertake with us in his rear and flank. Others that 
it was his object to throw his trains around into the Valley to draw his supplies 
from that direction, and have his front looking to the east rather than to the north. 
It is also thought that whilst a portion of his force has marched iip the imme- 
diate right bank of tlic Rappahannock, a larger portion has gone through Cul- 
peper up the Sperry^-ille road. No doubt these various suppositions may have 
occurred to you, but I have thought it not inappropriate to recapitulate them 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 233 

here witli reference to concentrations of forces in this direction which I have 
herein suggested. Cannonading at Sulphur Springs still continues about the 
same. I have ordered Buford to send you a regiment of cavalry. I cannot get 
hold of Bayard. 

iRViN McDowell. 

I have just received your telegrams of 2.20 and 3.15 ]3- m> I tnist that Bu- 
ford's reconuoissance to-morrow will obtain the information you desire concerning 
the movements of the enemy across the Sperryville pike, in the direction of 
Gaines's Cross-Roads and Salem, I also received from Gelieral Banks's signal 
officer the account of this movement. With reference to your inquiries as to 
what has occurred to make the presence of Cox here desirable, I made the sug- 
gestion, first, because in the general order issued he was ordered to join Sigel 
at Fayetteville. As Sigel was here, and as I understood Cox was arriving in 
the cars, I thought if it could be done, time would be gained by his being landed 
here, rather than at Warreuton Junction. 

IRVIN Mcdowell, 

Major General Commanding. 
Major General Pope, 

A true copy. 

T.. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, 



[Received August 26, 1862, from near Waterloo Bridge, 3.45 p. m.] 

United States Military Telegraph. 
Trains and troops still passing over the same route. A deserter, just come in, 
says Long-street's corps, embracing Anderson's, Jones's, Kemper's, Whiting's, 
and Evans's divisions, are located in the woods back of Waterloo Bridge, 
Thinks Hill's division at Jefferson ; Jackson's corps somewhere above Long- 
street's. He appears truthful, and I credit his story. The entire district from 
Jefferson to Culpeper, Sperryville, and as fixr as Barber's, covered with smoke 
and lines of dust. The deserter reports the arrival last evening of the greater 
portion of Long-street's corps at its present position. 

JOHN S, CLARK, 

Colonel and Aide-de-Camj). 
General Pope. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenaiit Colonel and Aide-de-Ca7np. 



Headquarters Third Corps, 

Warrenton, August 26 — 9 p. vl. 
An intelligent negro has just come in to General Buford from White Plains, 
and reports the advance of the enemy at that place. He says he saw, him- 
self, at White Plains, to-day at 12 o'clock, two batteries of artillery, two regi- 
ments of cavalry, four regiments of infantry, and that they were moving in the 
direction of Thoroughfare Gap. The man's story is evidently to be relied upon. 



234 REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Clencral Buford says liis statements are confirmed by liis scouts, wlio report 
large trains passing up through Orleans to White Plains. 

IRVIN Mcdowell, Major General. 
Major General Pope. 

True copy. 

JOHN POPE, Major General. 



Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 8^^ m. 

Fitz-John Porter, with Sykes's and Morell's divisions, will be within two and 
a half miles of Warrenton, on the Fayetteville road, to-morrow night. See if yoii 
cannot have the cross-roads repaired, so he can get from his position into the 
Sulphur Springs road with his artillery if he should be needed. I will use all 
efforts to have Sturgis and Cox within three miles of you to-morrow night, and 
have requested General Halleck to push forward Franklin at once, carrying his 
baggage and su])plies by railroad to the point where the Manassas Gap railroad 
intersects the Warrenton turnpike. From that position he can either advance 
to your support or prevent your right from being turned from the direction of 
the Manassas Gap railroad. I think our light should be made at Warrenton, 
and if you can postpone it for two days, everything will be right. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commaiiding. 

Major General McDowell, Warrenton. 

A true copy. * 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Ijieute7iant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Viroinia, 
Warrenton Junction, August 26, 1862 — 8.20 f. m. 

The major general commanding the army of Virginia directs me to send you 
the enclosed communications, and to request that you put a regiment on a train of 
cars and send it down immediately to Manassas to ascertain what has occurred, 
repair the telegraph wires, and protect the railroad there, till further orders. 
With great respect, general, your obedient servant, 

T. C. H. SMITH. 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 
Major General Heintzelman, Coynmanding, (^r. 



Headquarters Army of Virglnia, 

August -2^, 1862—12 7n. 

General Sigel reports the enemy's rear guard at Orleans to-night, with 
his main force encamped at White Plains. You will please ascertain very 
early in the morning whether tliis is so, and have the whole of your com- 
mand in readiness to march. You had best ascertain it to-night if you 
possibly can. Our communications have been interrupted by the enemy's cav- 
alry near Manassas. Whether his whole force, or the larger part of it, has 
gone round, is a question which we must settle immediately, and no portion of 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 235 

liis force must marcli opposite to us to-m*glit without our kuowiug it. I tele- 
graphed you an hour or two ago Avhat dispositions I had made, supposing the 
advance through Thoroughfare to be a column of not more than ten or fifteen 
thousand men. If his Avhole force, or the larger part of it, has gone, we must 
know it at once. 

The troops here have no artillery ; and if the main forces of the enemy are 
still opposite to you, you must send forward to Greenwich, to be there to-mor- 
row evening, two batteries of artillery, or three if you can get them, to meet 
Kearny. 

We must know at a very early hour in the morning, so as to determine our 
plans. 

JOHN POPE, Major General. 

General McDowell. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-dc-Camp. 



Headquarters Army op Virginia, 

Warrcnton Junction, August 27, 1862. 
General Orders No. — .] 

The following movement of troops will be made, viz : 

Major .General McDowell, with his own and Sigel's corps and the division of 
Brigadier General Reynolds, will pursue the turnpike from Warrenton to Gaines- 
ville, so as to reach Gainesville, if possible, to-night. 

The army corps of GeJieral Heintzelman, Avith the detachments of the ninth 
corps, under Major General Reno, (General Reno leading,) will take the road 
from Catlett's Station to Greenwich, so as to reach there to-night or early in the 
morning. IMajor General Reno will immediately communicate with Major Gen- 
eral McDowell, and his command, as well as that of Major General Heintzelman, 
will support Major General jMcDowcll in any operations against the enemy. 

Major General Fitz-John Porter will remain at Warrenton Junction till he is 
relieved by ]\Iajor General Banks, when he will immediately push forward with 
his corps in the direction of Greenwich and Gainesville, to assist the operations 
of the right Aving. 

Major General Banks, as soon as he arrives at Warrenton Junction, will as- 
sume the charge of the trains and cover their movement towards Manassas Junc- 
tion. The trains of his OAvn corps, under escort of two regiments of infantry 
and a battery of artillery, will pursue the road south of the railroad, Avhich 
conducts into the rear of Manassas Junction. As soon as all the trains have 
passed Warrenton Junction he will take post behind Cedar Run, covering the 
fords and bridges of that stream, and holding his position as long as possible. 
He will cause all the railroad trains to be loaded Avith the public and priA^ate 
stores noAV here, and run them back towards Manassas Junction as far as the 
railroad is practicable. Wherever a bridge is burned, so as to prevent the fur- 
ther passage of the railroad trains, he Avill assemble them all as near together 
as possible, and protect them AAath his command until the bridges are rebuilt. If 
the enemy is too strong before him before the bridge can be repaired, he will be 
careful to destroy entirely the trains, locomotiA^es, and stores, before he falls 
back in the direction of Manassas Junction. He is, howe\"er, to understand 
that he is to defend his position as long as possible, keeping himself in constant 
communication Avith Major General Porter, on his right. If any sick now in 
hospital at Warrenton Junction are not provided for, and able to be transported, 
he Avill haA'e them loaded into the Avagon train of his own corps, (even should 
this necessitate the destruction of much baggage and regimental property,) 
and carried to Manassas Junction. The very important duties devolving upon 



236 EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Major General Banks, the major general commanding the army of Virginia feels 
assured will be discharged with intelligence, conragc, and fidelity. 

The general headq^uarters will be with the corps of Major General Heintzel- 
man vmtil further notice. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Ca?np. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Bristow Station, August 27, 1862 — 6.30 j)- tfi^- 

General : The major general commanding directs that you start at one 
o'clock to-night and come forward with your whole corps, or such part of it as is 
with you, so as to be here by daylight to-morrow morning. Hooker has had a 
very severe action with the enemy, with a loss of about three hundred killed 
and wounded. The enemy has been driven back, but is retiring along the rail- 
road. We must drive him from IManassas, and clear the country between that 
j)lace and Gainesville, Avhere McDowell is. If Morell has not joined you, send 
word to him to push forward immediately ; also send word to Banks to hurry 
forward with all speed, to take your place at Warrenton Junction. It is necesj 
sary, on all accounts, that you should be here by daylight. 

I send an officer with this despatch who Avill conduct you to this place. Be 
sure to send word to Banks, Avho is o\x the road from Fayetteville, probably in 
the direction of Bealeton. Say to Banks, also, that he had best run back the 
railroad trains to this side of Cedar llun. If he is not with you, write him to 
that efi'ect. 

.By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel and Chief of Staff. 

P. S. — If Banks is not at Warrenton Junction, leave a regiment of infantry 
and two pieces of artillery, as a guard, till he comes up, with instructions to fol- 
low you immediately upon his doing so. If Banks is not at the Junction, 
instruct Colonel Clary to run the trains back to this side of Cedar Run, and 
post a regiment and section of artillery with it. 
By conmiand of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel and Chi(f of Staff. 
Major General F. J. Porter, Warrenton Junction. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters, Bristow, 

August 27, 1862 — 9 o'clock p. m. 
At the very earliest blush of dawn push forward with your command with 
all speed to this place. You cannot be more than three or four miles distant. 
Jackson, A. P. Hill, and Ewell are in front of us. Hooker has had a severe 
fight with them to-day. McDowell marches upon Manassas Junction from 
Gainesville to-morrow at daybreak ; Reno upon the same place at the same 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. i237 

hour. I "want you hea-e at claydawn, if possible, and we shall baj:; the whole 
crowd. Be prompt and expeditious, and never mind wagon trains or roads till 
this affair is over. Lieutenant Bi-ooks will deliver you this communication. He 
has one for General lleno and one for General McDowell. Please have these 
despatches sent forward instantly by a trusty staff officer, who will be sure to 
deliver them without fail ; and make him bring back a receipt to you before day- 
light. Lieutenant Brooks will remain with you and bring you to this camp. 
Use the cavalry I send you, to escort your staff officer to lIcDowell and Reno. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Kearny. 



A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 
Tiieutenant Colonel and Aide- dc- Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Bristmv Station, August 27, 1862 — 9 o'clock /?. tn. 

At daylight to-morrow morning march rapidly on Manassas Junction with 
your whole force, resting your right on the JManassas Gap railroad, throwing 
your left well to the east. Jackson, Ewell, and A. P. Hill are between Gaines- 
ville and Manassas Junction. We had a severe fio:ht with them to-day, driving 
them back several miles along the railroad. If you will march promptly and 
rapidly at the earliest dawn of day upon Manassas Junction, we shall bag the 
whole crowd. I have directed Reno to march from Greenwich at the same hour 
upon Manassas Junction, and Kearny, who is in his reai", to march on Bristow 
at daybreak. Be expeditious, and the day is our own, 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding^ 

Major General McDowell. 

A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-dc-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Bristow t:tation, August 28, 1862 — 10.40 a. m. 

General : Major General Pope directs me to say that as soon as the rail- 
road trains and all public property shall have been safely run back from War- 
ren ton Junction, you will move your command back to Kettle Run Bridge, 
where you will find the railroad obstructed and the railroad trains stopped. 
You will there take the same means to save the public property from attack by 
the enemy as directed in copy of general orders from these headquarters, sent 
to you yesterday through Major General Porter. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chiif of Staff. 

Major General Banks, Warrenton Junction. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-dc-Camp. 



238, EEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Bristow Station, August 28, 1862 — 10.50 a. m. 

Major General Pope directs that all the wagon trains be kept closed np and 
close in rear of the troops. Yon will accordingly give instructions to the various 
subordinate quartermasters, including regimental quartermasters, to keep their 
trains closed and immediately in rear of the troops. Please see that this order 
is executed. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Colonel Clary, 

Chief Qiiartermaster, Ariny oj Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Bristow Station, August 28, 1862 — 11 a. ?}i. 
Sir : Major General Pope directs that you take measures to hunt up the 
wounded of the enemy, and to provide for them the same as for our own soldiers. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Surgeon McParlin, 

Medical Director, Army of Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T.' C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aidt-de-Cam]). 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Bristow Station, August 28, 1862 — 11.10 a. m. 

The major general commanding directs that one or two boxes of ammunition 
be thrown into every wagon that passes the railroad train where the ammunition 
now is, no matter to whom the wagon or wagon train belongs. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Ch ief of Staff] 
Lieutenant F. J. Shunk, 

Chief of Ordnance, Army of Virginia. 



A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-de-CamjT. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 239 



Headquarters Army of Virglxia, 

Manassas Junction, August 28, 1862. 
Special Orders No. — .] 

The trains Avill come forward in the following order, viz : 1st, Heintzelman's ; 
2d, McDowell's ; 3d, Sigel's ; 4th, Porter's. 

All the snpplj and regimental trains will be sent forward to this place as 
rapidly as possible, ammunition being forwarded in advance of all other sup- 
plies. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. EUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Ari\iy of Virginia, 
Bristow Station, August 28, 1862 — 11.20 a. m. 
The major general commanding directs that one or two boxes of ammunition 
be thrown into every wagon that jJasses the railroad train where the ammunition 
now is, no matter to whom the wagon or wagon train belongs. He also directs 
that the railroad trains be unloaded into the passing wagon trains in the same 
manner, commencing first to unload the ammunition as hereinbefore directed. 
By command of 3Iajor General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chuf of Staff. 
Colonel Clary, 

Chief Quartermaster, Army of Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cafn?). 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Manassas Junction, August 28, 1862 — 2 p. m. 
I sent you a despatch a few minutes ago, directing you to move on Green 
Spring, to int('rc('i)t Jackson. Since then I have received your note of this 
morning. I will, this evening, push forward Reno to Gainesville, and follow with 
Heintzelman, unless there is a large force of the enemy at Centreville, which I do 
not believe. Ascertain, if you can, about this. I do not wish you to carry out 
the order to proceed to Green Spring if you consider it too hazardous, but I will 
support you in any way you suggest by pushing forward from Manassas Junc- 
tion across the turnpike. Jackson has a large train, which certainly should be 
captured. Give me your views fully ; you know the country much better than 
1 do. Come no further in this direction with your command, but call back what 
has advanced thus far. 

JNO. POPE, 
* Major General Commanding. 

Major General McDo^VELL, 

A time copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-de-Camp. 



240 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Near Bull Run, August 28, 1862—9.50 p. m. 

General : General McDowell has intercepted the retreat of the enemy, and 
is now in his front. Sigel on the right of McDowell. Unless he can escape by 
passes leading to the north to-night, he must be captured. I desire you to move 
forward at one o'clock to-night, even if you can carry with you no more than two 
thousand men, though I trust yoii will carry the larger part of your division. 
Pursue the turnpike from Centreville to Warrenton. The enemy is not more than 
three and a half miles from you. Seize any of the people of the town to guide 
you. Advance cautiously and drive in the enemy's pickets to-night, and at 
early dawn attack him vigorously. Hooker shall be close behind you. Extend 
your right well in the attack. Be sure to march not later than one, with all the 
men you can take. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding, 

Major General Kearny. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Liieutc7iant Colonel and Aidc-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Near Bull Run, August 28, 1862 — 10 p. m. 
General: General McDoAvell has intercepted the retreat of the enemy. 
Sigel is immediately on his right, and I see no possibility of his escape. I have 
instructed Kearny to push forward cautiously at one o'clock to-night until he 
drives in the pickets of the enemy, and to assault him vigorously at daylight in 
the morning. It is of the last importance that Hooker shall march at three o'clock 
to-night, taking the turnpike from Centreville to Warrenton, and resting on that 
road one and a half mile beyond Centreville, as reserve for Kearny. Send a 
copy of this despatch to Hooker immediately; and I beg you particularly to 
see that Hooker marches at the time specified, even if he should have to do so 
with one-half of his men. I shall rely upon this. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Heintzelman. 



Despatdics and orders sent and received, from August 29 to September 2, 

inclusive. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia. 
Near Bull Ptun, August 29, 1862—3 a. m. 
General: McDovv-ell has intercepted the retreat of Jackson. Sigel is im- 
mediately on the right of McDowell. Kearny and Hooker march to attack 
the enemy's rear at early dawn. Major General Pope directs you to move upon 
Centreville at the first d;:iwn of day, with your whole connnand, leaving your 
trains to follow. It is very important that you should be here at a very early 



KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 241 

hour in the morning. A severe engagement is likely to take place, and your 
presence is necessary. 

I am, general, very respectf'nlly, your obedient servant, 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff . 
Major General Porter. » 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

LieutcnatU Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarter.s Ar.my of Virginia, 
Near Bull Rim, August 29, 1862 — 5 a. m. 
1 sent you verbal orders by Colonel Smith last night. News from the front 
makes it necessary to modify them. You will accordingly move rapidly on 
Centreville by the road past these headquarters. Upon arri\nng at Centreville 
you will take the turnpike towards Warrenton, and push forward rapidly. You 
will find the whole corps of Heintzelman in front of you. Pass his stragglers, 
and keep well up with his command, pushing rapidly towards any firing you 
may hear. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Reno. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Carnp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Centreville, August 29, 1862. 

You will please move forward with your joint commands towards Gainesville. 
I sent General Porter written orders to that effect an hour and a half ago. 
Heintzelman, Sigel, and Reno are moving on the Warrenton turnpike, and 
miist now be not far from Gainesville.. I desire that, as soon as comnnniication 
is established between this force and your own, the whole command shall halt. 
It may be necessary to fall back behind Bull's Run at Centreville to-night. I 
presume it Avill be so, on account of our supplies. I have sent no orders of 
any description to Ricketts, and none to interfere in any way with the move- 
ments of McDowell's troops, except what I sent by his aide-de-camp last night, 
which were to hold his position on the Warrenton pike until the troops from 
here shoi;ld fall on the enemy's flank and rear. I do not even know Ricketts's 
position, as I have not been able to find out where General McDowell was until 
a late hour this morning. General McDowell will take immediate steps to com- 
municate with General Ricketts, and instruct him to rejoin the other divisions of 
his corps as soon as practicable. 

If any considerable advantages are to be gained by departing from tliis order, 
it will not be strictly carried out. One thing must be had in view, that the 
troops must occupy a position from which they can reach Bull Run to-night or 
by morning. The indications are that the whole force of the enemy is moving 
in this direction at a pace that will bring them here by to-morrow night or the 

H, Ex. Doc. SI 16 



242 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

next day. My own headquarters will be, for tlie present, witli Heintzelman's 
corps, or at tins place. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Com7nanding. 
(jrenerals McDowell and Porter. 

A true copy. 

SPEED BUTLER, 

Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters l\ the Field, 

August 20, ] 862 — 4.30 p. m. 

Your line of march brings you in on the enemy's right flank. I desire you 
to push forward into action at once on the enemy's flank, and, if possible, on his 
rear, keeping your right in communication with General Reynolds. The enemy 
is massed in the woods, but can be shelled out as soon as you can engage their 
flank. Keep heavy reserves and use your batteries, keeping well closed to your 
right all the time. In case you are obliged to fall back, do so to your right and 
rear, so as to keep you in close communication with the right wing. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 

Major General Porter. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel aiid Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters in the Field, 

August 29, 1862 — 5 o'clock p. m. 

General: 1 would prefer that you send your trains direct to Manassas 
Junction and Centreville. The road is clear, and there is no difliculty about it. 
Send them through as soon as you can. Send back working parties to try and 
get the railroad in sufticiently good order, if the trains may be worked back to 
Bull Run. This is of the last importance, and you cannot get it done too soon. 

Work night and day at it. 

JNO. POPE, Major General Commanding. 

Major General Banks. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

LietUcnant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
In the yield 7i.ear Bull Run, August 29, 1862 — 8.50 p. m. 

General : Immediately upon receipt of this order, the precise hour of re- 
ceiving which you will acknowledge, you will march your command to the field 
of battle of to-day, and report to me in person for orders. 

You are to understand that you are expected to comply strictly with this 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 243 

•ordPr and to be present on the field within three hours after it. reception or 
after daybreak to-morrow morning. lecepnon, or 

Major Cxeneral F. J. Porter. '^^^^" ^^^^' ^^''^"' ^'^'"^^ Commanding. 
A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SMITH, 

Lrentenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



T , ^ . August 29, 1862—8 p. m. 

hoi 1W1 ^''° instructed by General McCIellan to inform you that he will 
and a tleTa 1 "'^"" ''' ^l^-'^nM. loaded with rationf for your troop 

Respectfully, 

W. B. FRANKLIN, 

Major General Commanding Sixth Corps. 
CoMMANDL\G OFFICER at CentrevUle. 
A true cojjy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Bull Run, August 30, 1862—6.30 a. m 
nil .I^nnr!''^ V^"'' "^^" immediately send to Alexandria an oificor to brin.^ out 
all supplies of forage and stores (forage particularly) required for this command 
The stores W.11 be brought to Fairfax by rail, and'tLn/ce by wagons to Centre 

Tw. T ,?^'''' ''"' ^y ^^" ^^" ^^btain from the commanlling officer at 
Alexandria the escort necessary to protect the train '' 

J3y command of General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel Clary, ^^^^"^"^ ^^^ Chief of Staf. 

Chief Quartermaster Army of Virginia. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel aiid Aide-de-Camp. 



-0 11 ,^^A^*iL'ARTERs Army of Virginia, 

ii(J-t-tle-feld near Groveton, Augi/st 30, 186?>— 9 a m 
Major General Pope directs that you send two hundred and fifty '^250^ 
wagons to Majoi- General Banks, in order that he may remov e L iliaxK 
public property from his present position to Centreville or vidnity 
1 am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ' 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel Clary, ^'''^'''''^ '"''^ Chief of Staff. 

Chief Quartermaster Armij of Virginia. 
A true coj)y. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieute7iant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



244 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



^ HEAD(iUARTERS ArMY OF VIRGINIA, 

Near Groveton, August 30, 1862. 
Colonel : General Pope directs that all the wagons <ff Centreville be un- 
loaded there and the proj)erty stored. The wagons will then be sent to Sang- 
ster's Station to haul subsistence stores from that place to Centreville. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. EUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief oj" Staff. 
Colonel Beckwith, Chief of Cnmmissary. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenard Colonel and Aide-de-Carnp. 



Headquarters Armv of Virginia, 

August 30, 1862—6^. 7n. 

Post your command, and whatever other troops you can collect, and put them 
in the fortifications and other strong positions around Centreville, and hold those 
positions to the last extremity. 
By command of General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
General Franklin. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



August 30 — 6.45 jt?. m. 

You will immediately put all the Avagons and everything that interferes with 
the range of artillery fi'om the works at Centreville a good distance to the rear, 
on the other side of the town, out of the range of artillery from the works. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Colonel Clary. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



August 30, 186-2 — 6. 30 p. m. 

Destroy the jniblic property at Bristow, and fall back upon Centreville at 
once. Destroy all the railroad property. Your troops at Bristow Avill withdx-aw 
through Brentsville. Yoijr troojKS at Manassas and between there and Bristow 
Avill withdraw to Centreyille. 

By command of M;ijor General I'ope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staf. 
General Banks. 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 245 



August 30 — 8 p. m. 
CtEiVERALS : Retire to Oentreville to-night with your commands. If possible, 
go by the way" of Sudley's Ford. General Reno commands the rear guard on 
the turnpike by which the balance of the army will fall back. Upon your ar- 
rival at Oentreville, you will assemble your commands on the north side of that 
town. Early in the morning proper positions will be assigned you. 
By command of IMajor General Pope. • 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colon el and Ch ief of Staff. 

General Heintzblman, (to be opened and read by Generals Kearny and 
Hooker.) 

A true copy. 

T. 0. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Centreville, August 30, 1862. 
'Special Orders No. — .] 

The prisoners of war now at this place will be sent to-morrow to Washington 
city, under guard of one regiment of infantry, to be furnished for this purpose 
by Major General McDowell. 



By command of Major General Pope. 
A true copy. 



GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de- Camp. 



Oentreville, August 30, 1862 — 9.45^?. m. 
We have had a terrific battle again to-day. The enemy, largely re-enforced, 
assaulted our position early to-day. We held our gi'ound firmly until 6 p. m., 
when the enemy, massing very heavy forces on our left, forced back that wing 
about half a mile. At dark we held that position. Under all the circumstances, 
both horses and men having been two days Avithout food, and the enemy greatly 
outnumbering us. I thought it best to draw back to this place at dark. The 
movement has been made in perfect order, and without loss. The troops are in 
good heart, and marched off the field without the least hurry or confusion. 
Their conduct was very fine. The battle was most furious for hours without 
cessation, and the losses on both sides very heavy. The enemy is badly crip- 
pled, and we shall do well enough. Do not be uneasy. We will hold our own 
here. The labors and hardships of this army for two or three weeks have been 
btn'ond d(>scription. We have delayed the enemy as long as possible without 



246 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

losing the array. We bave damaged Lira heavily, and I think the army en- 
titled to the gratitude of the country. Be easy ; everything will go well. 

JNO. POPE. 
Major General Halleck, General-in-Chief. 

P. S. — We have los^t nothing, neither guns nor wagons. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

JLieutenant. Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Washington, August 31, 1862 — 11 a. m. 

My Dear G-eneral: You have done nobly. Don't yield another inch if 
yo\i can avoid it. All reserves are being sent forward. Couch's division goes 
to-day. Part of it went to Sangster's Station last night with Franklin and 
Sumner, who must be now with you. Can't you renew the attack ? I don't 
wi'ite more particularly for fear despatch will not reach you. I am doing all in 
my power for you and your noble army. God bless you and it. 

Send me news more often, if possible. 

H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. 

Major General Pope. 

A true copy. 



Captain and Aide-deCamp. 



[Circular.] 

Headuuarters Army of Virginia, 

Camp near Centreville, August 31, 1S62. 

Commanders of army corps will forthwith establish suitable grand guards in 
front of the positions they respectively hold, and have outposts thrown forward, 
which shall furnish a line of sentinels covei'ing the entire army. Tliose on the 
flanks will furnish a grand guard for the flanks. The advanced position this 
side of Cub Run will only be held as an outpost, and the division now there 
will be withdrawn. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
A true copv. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Circular to corps commanders. 



Headquarters Army op Virginia, 

Centreville, August 31, 1862 — 8.30 a. m. 

General : The major general commanding the ariuy of Virginia directs me 
to instruct you to take measures immediately to bring forward and distribute 
ammunition for your command. 



KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 247 

1. Men should be selected to guide the wagons to the troops to be supplied, 
to report to Lieutenant Colonel Smith, aide-de-camp, at these headquarters. 

2. A report of the amount and kind of ammunition required in your command 
should be made to Lieutenant Colonel Smith. 

3. Empty wagons should be collected and sent to report to Lieutenant Colonel 
Smith. 

With great respect, general, your obedient servant, 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aidc-dc-Caiyip. 

A true copy. 

E. HAIGHT, Captain and Aide-de-Caynp. 



Headquarters Army of Virgima, 

CcutreriUe, August 31, 1862 — 10.45 a. m. 

Our troops are all here in position, though much used up and worn out. I 
think it would perhaps have been greatly better if Sumner and Franklin had 
been here three or four days ago ; but you may rely on our giving them as des- 
pei'ate a fight as I can force our men to stand up to. 

I should like to know whether you feel secure about Washington, should this 
army be destroyed. I shall fight it as long as a man will stand up to the work. 
You must judge what is to be done, having in view the safety of the capital. 

The enemy is already pushing a cavalry reconnoissance in our front at Cub 
Run. whether in advance of an attack to-clay I do not yet know. I send you 
this that you may know our position and my purpose. 

JOHN P()PE, Major General Commanding. 

Major General Halleck, General- in- Chief. 

A true copv. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camv 



[Circular.] 

Headqiarters Army of Virglma, 

Cenfreville, August 31, 1862. 
Commanding oflicers of army corps will send back to Alexandria all wagons 
appertaining to their trains, except those absolutely necessary to haul subsist- 
ence, stores, and ammunition from Fairfax Court-House to this place for their 
respective corps. This movement will be under charge of Colonel Clary, chief 
quartermaster anny of Virginia. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief oj StaJ- 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cctmp. 



248 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

CentreviUe, August 31, 1862. 
Special Orders No. — .] 

Carroll's brigade of Ricketts's division will proceed at once to Fairfax Station 
and take post as a guard for commissary stores at that point. The commanding 
officer of these troops will report upon his arrival at Fairfax Station to Colonel 
E. G. Beckwith, chief commissary aiTuy of Virginia. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H.' SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

CentreviUe, August 31, 1862. 

Sir : Major General Pope directs you at once to send two regiments of infan- 
try and two pieces of artillery to escort the wagon train noAV eu route to Alex- 
andria as ftir as Cloud's Mills. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 

Commanding Officer, forces at Fairfax Court-House. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Centreville, August 31. 

Dear General : Your despatch of 11 a. m. has been received, and I thank 
you for your considerate commendation. I would be glad to have it in such 
shape that the army might be acquainted with it. We shall light to the last. 
The whole secession army engaged us yesterday. I had a letter from Lee this 
morning. Ewell is killed. Jackson is badly wounded, and other generals of 
less note wounded. The plan of the enemy will, undoubtedly, be to turn my 
flank. If he does so he will have his hands full. My troops are in good 
heart. 

I need cavalry horses terribly. Send me two thousand in lots, and under 
strong escort. I have never yet received a single one. 

JNO. POPE, Major General. 

Major General Halleck, 

General-in-ChieJ. 

A true copy. 

^ T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, 



REPOET OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 249 

Headquarters Army op V[rgima, 
Camp near Centreville, September 1, 1862 — 3 o'clock a. m. 
The reconnoitring party of cavalry which you sent out yesterday morning 
under Captain Haight has, as I am informed, been captured by the enemy's 
cavalry. It is essential that your right be carefully watched. I desire you at 
daylight to push a reconnoissance of not less than one brigade, supported, if 
necessary, by a second, towards the north of your position, to the Little River 
turnpike and beyond. The direction of your reconnoissance should be as nearly 
due north as practicable, and should be pushed not less than five miles. It is 
of great importance that this reconnoissance should be made at an early hour 
in the moraing. The orderly whom you sent to me left me without permission, 
so that I find it very difficult to find your headquarters. Please send him 
back. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Covimanding. 
Major General Sumner. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



HEADaUARTERS ArMY OF VIRGINIA, 

Centreville, September 1, 1862. 
Gexeral : The major general commanding directs me to inform you that a 
large supply of ammunition has arrived since yesterday, say 120 wagons, and 
that near the earthwork close in rear of Centreville an officer will be found 
charged with its distribution. The ammunition will be kept in the wagons in 
which it came, so as to be sent forward to the troops, to be supplied imme- 
diately when required. 

With gi'eat respect, general, your obedient servant, 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 
Major General Commanding. 

A true copy. 

'T. C. H. SMITH. 

Lieutenant Colonel and- Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

September 1, 1862 — 5.45 a. m. 
General : The reconnoissance is only designed to ascertain whether there 
is any considei'able movement of the enemy's infantry towards our right and 
rear. We have no cavalry ; not a horse that can possibly perform service, and 
it may be necessary, in order to obtain the information I desire, to drive off the 
enemy's cavalry. I do not care that the brigade shall be pushed further than 
the Little River turnpike, whilst skirmishers are thrown still further, in order 
fully to ascertain whether the enemy is making any movement towards German- 
town and Fairfax Court-House. I do not wish any engagement brought on at 



250 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

present on that ground ; but where the information required shall have been 
obtained by the brigade, withdraw it. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Com7nanding, 
Major General E. V. Sumner. 

A trixe copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

lAaitcnant Colonel and Aide-de-Camjj. 



Headquarters of the Army, 

WasJdngion, September 1, 1862. 

Yours of last evening was received at 4 a. m. I Avant to issiie a complimen- 
tary order, but as you are daily iighting, it could be hardly distributed. I will 
do so very soon. 

Look out well for your right, and don't let the enemy turn it and get between 
you and the forts. We ai'e strengthening the line of defence as nipidly as pos- 
sible. Horses will be sent to you to-day. Send despatches to me as often as 
possible. I hope for an arrival of cavalry to-day. 
Yours, truly, 

H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. 

General Pope. 

P. S. — Acknowledge hour of receipt of this. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Ca??ip. 



Centreville, September 1 — S./^O a. m. 
All was quiet yesterday, and so far this morning. My men are resting ; they 
need it much. Forage for our horses is being brought up. Our cavalry is com- 
pletely broken down, so that there are not five horses to a company that can 
raise a trot. The consequence is that I am forced to keep considerable infantry 
along the roads in my rear to make them secure, and even then it is difficult to 
keep the enemy's cavalry off the roads. I shall attack again to-morrow if I 
can ; the next day certainly. I think it my duty to call yrtur attention to the 
unsoldierly and dangerous conduct of many brigade and some division com- 
manders of the forces sent here from the peninsula. Every word, and act, and 
intention, is discouraging, and calculated to break down the spirits of the men 
and produce disaster. One commander of a corps Avho was ordered to march 
from Manassas Junction to join sne near Groveton, although he was only five 
miles distant, failed to get up at all — worse still, fell back to Manassas without 
a fight, and in plain hearing, at less than three miles distance, of a furious bat- 
tle which raged all day. It was only in consequence of peremptory orders that 
he joined me next day ; one of his brigades, the brigadier general of which pro- 
fessed to be looking for his division, absolutely remained all day at Centreville, 
in plain view of the battle, and made no attempt to join. What renders the 
whole matter worse, these are both officers of the regular army who do not hold 
back from ignorance or fear. Their constant talk, indulged in publicly and in 
promiscuous company, is that the army of the Potomac will not fight ; that they 
are demoralized by withdrawal from the peninsula, &c. When such ex- 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 251 

ample is set by officers of high rank, the influence is very bad amono-.t those 
in subordmate stations. You have hardlv an idp« r.f tl.ll amongst tliose 

officers of hi o-h v„.L> ^r. th i,'' "'^^*^ ^^'^^'*0 '^" dea of the demoralization among 

leeiing m relation to changes of commander-in-chief and others The«e men 

can stop It. Its source is beyond my reach, though its effects are verv ner 
ceptible and very dangerous. I am indeavorina' t? do all I cSn and w iTmo t" 
assuredly put them where they shall fight or run away. My advke to yoi-I 
f^nv'^t f r^"" '' \ ^"^^^ >"^^ ^^^" -^^ misundei^and it- s hat! in view 
fron 'of w"wZn"":^'\^?" ^"7 ^''^ ^^^^ army to the intrenchmen i^ 
rea™ it ?r^, ' ''i '' '"^^ v ^" '^''^ ''''''' i^^'^'^ to reorganize and 

reauange it. You may avoid great disaster by doing so. I do not consider the 
matter except in a purely military light, and it' is bad enough and Inve enough 
to make some action very necessary. When there is no heart! de' leader 
and every disposition to hang back, much cannot be expected from the men 

ba^^!;:::';i^T^^^-s^;^^- " -- '-'- ^^-^^ --• ^ -^^ ^^-^ 

., . r< , r •^^'^- ^^PE' ^1%^^- (-rcneral. 

x\lajor Creneral Halleck, General-in-Chief. 

A ti-ue copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Cohnel and Aide-dc-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virgima, 

Near Centrcville, September 1, 1862. 
CxEneral : General Pope directs you to. establish your grand guards on the 
pike from Centreville to Warrenton. An outpost of" one fegimeiit of infen rv 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 
,, . , Colonel and Chief of Staff'. 

Major General FramvLL\. ^ ^ ^ 



A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Catnp. 



Headquarters Armv of Virgima, 

Near Centreville, September 1, 1S62 
General Pope directs that you furnish one regiment of infantry as an escort 
for a wagon tmm from Fairfax Court-House to Fairfax Station. Lieutenan 
Devens, 9th infantry, will call for the escort as he proceeds through the town 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servaiit, ^ 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Tn tliA ^ffi.. T ^ n Colonel and Chiif rjf Staff . 

i the officer commanding the forces around Fairfax Court-House 
A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



252 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Centrerille, September 1, 1862 — 11 o'clock a. m. 

The enemy is deploying his forces on the Little River pike, and preparing to 
advance by that road on Fairfax Court-House. This movement turns Centre- 
ville, and interposes between us and Washington, and will force me to attack 
his advance, which I shall do as soon as his movement is sufficiently developed. 
I have nothing like the force you undoubtedly suppose, and the fight will be 
necessarily desperate. I hope you will make all preparations to make a vigor- 
ous defence of the intrenchments around Washington. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General GovunandAng, 

Major General Halleck, Washington. 

A true copy. 

T. G. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Golonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Centreville, September 1, 1862 — 12 m. 

You will march rapidly back to Fairfax Court-House with your whole division, 
assuming command of the two brigades now there, and immediately occupy 
Germantowu with your whole force, so as to cover the turnpike from this place 
to Alexandria. Jackson is reported advancing on Fairflix with twenty thousand 
men. Move quickly. 

JNO. POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 



Major General McDoweli.. 
A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Centreville, Septeviber 1, 1862 — 1 p. m. 
You will at once pi'oceed to Germantown, assume command of the troops at 
Fairfax Court-House, together with the brigades now under command of Col- 
onels Torbert and Hinks. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 



Major General Hooker. 
A true copy. 



T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virglxia, 
Centreville, Sejytember 1, 1862—12.30 7?. m. 

Move your brigade at once to Germantown and join it to the one under Col- 
onel Hinks at that place. Major General Hooker is assigned to the command 



REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 25^ 

of the force>s an-iving at Fairfax Court-House from Washington, together with 
those stationed at Germantown. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chiif oj Staff. 
Colonel A. T. Torbkrt, 

Commanding Brigade near Fairfax Court-House. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Near Centreville, September 1, 1862 — 4^7. m. 
If you hear a battle raging to-night near Centreville, advance to the north, 
keeping your communication open with Reno and near to him, also by the right 
with Hooker, who will advance his left to your right. 
By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Sta^. 
Major General McDowell. 

A true copv. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Fairfax Court-House, Sej^temher 1, 1862. 
General Orders No. — .] 

The army corps of Heiutzelman, Sigel, Sumner, Porter, and Reno, as soon 
after daylight as possible, will begin to draw slowly to their right in the direc- 
tion of Fairfax Court-House until they come closely in contact with each other. 
Major General Reno will follow as closely as possible the line of the old rail- 
road now occupied by him; the others along the pik(\ He will notify those in 
his rear of his exact position and every step of his movements, and will ask 
support if he ne«ds it. They will not be more than half a mile in rear of him. 
If any severe engagement should occur at any point of the line, the army corps 
commanders nearest on the right and left will immediately send forward a staff 
officer to report to the general commanding the troops of the attack, and to 
notify him that they are ready to support him if he needs it. For the }»resent 
the general headquarters will be established at Fairfax Court-House. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



254 EEPQRT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 

Centreville, September 1, 1862 — 2 p. m. 

Send back word immediately to Alexandria to huiTj up Couch's division and 
all other troops coming from Washington to Germantown. They must be at 
Germantown as early this afternoon as possible, certainly to-night. They must 
take up a strong position. There is no doubt the enemy is approaching you. 
Hold on to your position to the last. The whole army is on the move to join 
yen. 

By command of Major General Pope. 

GEO. D. RUGGLES, 

Colonel and Chief of Staff. 
Colonel TORBERT. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

hietitenant Colonel and Aide -de- Camp. 



Fairfax Court-House, September 2, 1862. 

As I expected, the enemy last evening attacked my right furiously in the 
direction of Fairtax Court-House, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Our 
loss was also severe, General Stevens being killed and Kearny missing. The 
enemy has not renewed his attack this morning, but is undoubtedly again beat- 
ing around to the northeast. Your telegram of this date is just received and its 
provisions will be carried out at once. 

JOHN POPE, 
Major General Commanding. 
Major General Halleck, WasUlngton. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. S:\1ITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



[Circular.] 

Headquarters Army of Virginia, 
Fairfax Court-House, September 2, 1862. 
The following movements of troops will be made at once in accordance with 
the instructions from the War Department, viz: 

1. Bank's corps will march by the Braddoek road and Annandale, and take 
post at or near Fort Worth.. 

2. The corps of Franklin and Hooker will pursue the Little River pike 
towards Alexandria. 

;>. Heintzelman's corps the Braddoek road towards Fort Lyon. 

4. McDowell's corps the road by Fall's Church, Little River and Columbia 
pikes towards Forts Craig and Tillinghast. The corps of Porter, Sumner, and 
Sigel, via Vienna, towards the Cham Bridge. These three latter corps will keep 
well closed up, and within easy supporting distance of each other. 

The cavalry under General Buford will follow and cover the march of the 
three corps of Porter, Sumner, and Sigel, and Bayard the troops marching on 
the road south of it. Sumner will bring up the rear on the route he is ordered to 
pursue. Hooker will cover the rear on tlie Little River pike, and Banks the 



KEPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 255 

rear on the Braddock road. General Bauks Avill call in the forces from Sang- 
,ster's and Fairfax Stations, and will break up the depot at the latter place, ship- 
ping all stores by rail to Alexandria. The wagon trains, except such as are in 
immediate use by the corps, will pursue the Little River pike to Alexandria. 
The commanding officers of corps will send forward a capable officer to Alexan- 
dria to take charge of their respective trains, and •^vill conduct them to the head- 
quarters of their respective corps. The medical director will take immediate 
steps to have all the sick and wounded carried back to Alexandria. General 
Reno will take up the line of march immediately by the Little River turnpike to 
Alexandria. The commanders of these various army corps will send forwai'd, 
several hours in advance, staff" officers to notify General IMcClellan of their 
approach to the points which they are to occupy. 
By command of JLajor General Pope. 

GEORGE D. RUGGLES, 
I Colonel and Chief of Stajf. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



Headqiarters Army of Virginia, 

Fairfax, Septemher 2, 1862. 

The whole army is retiring in good order, without confusion or the slightest 
loss of property. The enemy has made no advances this morning, owing, no 
doubt, to his sevei'e loss last evening. Three army corps pursue the route, via 
Vienna, to Chain Bridge, covered by all the effective cavalry ; two corps by the 
Braddock road. These last corps are ordered to break up the depot at Fairfax 
Station, call in the troops from Sangster's and elsewhere on the railroad, and to 
move back to Alexandria. Our whole wagon train is far in advance of us, 
towards the same place. Our whole force is less than sixty thousand men. 
Everything is being safely moved back to the intrenchments. When the 
stragglers can be assembled our force will be largely increased. I shall leave 
here with the last, and encamp to-night near Ball's Cross Roads. 

.JNO. POPE, 
Major General Co7nmanding. 

Major General Halleck. 

A true copy. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 

Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Cavip. 



Xew York, January 21, 1863. 

A despatch was received from Major General Banks, on the 2d of Septem- 
ber, stating that the wagon trains in his charge had all been brought in safely — 
nothing lost. 

T. C. H. SMITH, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. 



256 REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL POPE. 



Head(4uarters Army of Virginia, 

Bair.s Cross Roads, September 2, 1862 — 7.10 p. m. 

I arrived here safely. Command coming' in on the road without much molei?ta 
tion. Some artillery firing on the road, through Vienna, to Chain Bridge, bu 
nothing of a serious character, so far as I can learn. Within an hour all the 
commands on the other roads will be in camp within the intrenchments — the 
three corps on the Vienna and Chain Bridge road by to-morrow morning. I 
await your orders. The enemy still continue to beat around to the north. I do 
not myself believe that any attack here is contemplated. The trfiops are very 
weary, but otherwise in good condition. 

JNC). POPE, 
, Major General Commanding. 

Major General Halleck, 

General- in- Ch icf, Washington . 



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